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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorometric determination of DNA in epidermis and cultured fibroblasts, using 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 276 (1984), S. 52-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Fluorometry ; DNA ; 4′-6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole ; Fibroblasts ; Epidermis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 4′-6-diamidino-phenylindole (DAPI) which is used for the detection of mycoplasmic infections of cell cultures or cytofluorometric investigations proved to be a sensitive agent for the fluorometric assay of alkali extracted DNA in cultured cells and human epidermis. Various experiments to optimize assay conditions led to the following procedure: 1 part of freeze dried tissue (1 mg/ml) and 1 part of 0.2 mol/l NaOH (w/v) were heated at 95° for 40 min. After cooling for 1 h to room temperature, 0.1 ml alkaline extract was mixed with 2.9 ml DAPI-solution (0.2 μg/ml in McIlvaine buffer containing 1 mmol/l MgCl2). After 10 min in the dark the emitted fluorescence was estimated at 453 nm with an excitation at 360 nm. This assay procedure allowed a detection limit of 25 ng DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00412563
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hormonal control of tobacco protoplast nucleic acid metabolism during in vitro culture (1981)
    Springer
    Planta 152 (1981), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Cytokinin ; DNA ; Nicotiana RNA ; Protoplasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tobacco mesophyll protoplasts cultivated in vitro do not synthesize a measurable quantity of chloroplastic ribosomal RNA, but actively synthesize cytoplasmic ribosomal RNA, polyadenylated RNA, and proteins. These syntheses are essentially independent of the presence of hormones in the culture medium and are thus related to the ageing phenomenon induced by isolation from the plant and in-vitro culture. At all stages of culture and in all culture media, protoplasts incorporate low levels of thymidine into their DNA. However, the incorporation of considerable quantities of thymidine, indicative of the S phase, only takes place after 25–30 h and requires the presence of auxin and cytokinin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384976
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Practical breast carcinoma cell kinetics: Review and update (1984)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 4 (1984), S. 79-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast ; carcinoma ; DNA ; kinetics ; ploidy ; receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The S-phase fraction (SPF) measured by flow cytometry of DNA and the thymidine labeling index (TLI) measured autoradiographically indicate the proportion of carcinoma cells currently synthesizing DNA and reflect the rate of proliferation. The TLI and SPF are lognormally distributed. The median TLI performed to maximize precursor uptake is near 5% (5 labeled carcinoma cells per 100), the mean near 7%, and the range from less than 1% to near 40%. Corresponding values for the SPF measured by DNA flow cytometry are slightly higher when appropriate measures are taken to reduce background debris counts and other artefacts. Residual elevation of SPF above TLI may result from S-phase arrested cells. Flow cytometric histograms show that clearly aneuploid cell lines exist in 50–80% of primary breast carcinomas. Aneuploid breast carcinomas have higher mean TLI than diploid breast carcinomas, and therefore proliferate more rapidly. They also more frequently lack estrogen receptor (ER). Carcinomas with minimal nuclear anaplasia, particularly those of tubular, mucinous, infiltrating lobular and adenocystic types have low TLI and SPF, whereas carcinomas with highly anaplastic nuclei, including medullary carcinomas, have high TLI and SPF. TLI and SPF correlate inversely with ER and PgR content, have no relationship to axillary lymph nodal status, and have a weak positive correlation with tumor size and a weak negative correlation with age. High TLI predicts a high risk of early relapse after primary therapy for both node-negative and node-positive carcinomas. Carcinomas that produce brain metastases have particularly high TLI. Current evidence suggests that high SPF and aneuploidy may prove to have prognostic significance like TLI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806389
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular mechanics of organic halides. III. Fluorinated olefins (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 1 (1980), S. 111-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: A molecular mechanical force field for fluorinated ethylenes and propylenes is described. The field computes geometries, dipole moments, and energy differences between isomers and rotamers. Component analysis indicates that “classical” strains alone (skeletal, nonbonded, electrostatic) cannot account for energy relationships. The discussion is supplemented by a semiempirical quantum chemical comparison of cis- and trans-FCH=CHF and of gauche- and anti-FCH2CH2F.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540010202
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Remarks on the molecular mechanical calculations of functionalized hydrocarbonsPresented in part at the Molecular Mechanics Symposium, Indianapolis, Indiana, June 23-24, 1983. (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 5 (1984), S. 299-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Molecular mechanical calculations for hetero-substituted hydrocarbons present certain difficulties that are not encountered in dealing with hydrocarbons. Ways are proposed to overcome such difficulties, sometimes by two-step or iterative computation. The following topics are considered: fitting the force field by using data from studies in solution; ways to estimate atomic charges or, alternatively, bond moments; ways to account for field effects upon atomic charges and bond moments.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540050404
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular mechanics of organic halides. V. Conformational equilibria in solution (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 2 (1981), S. 384-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: With a view of using data on solutions and liquids for parameter fitting in molecular mechanical force fields, Abraham's theory of solvation is incorporated in the force field procedure. Geometries and bond moments are estimated internally, partial account being taken of bond-bond induction, and used to calculate the intramolecular electrostatic energy, dipole moment, and the dipole and quadrupole terms in the solvation energy. Three dielectric constants are used, one for the solute in the vapor, one for the solution, and one for the intramolecular space through which dipole-dipole interactions take place. Examples are given, including such where computation differs with measurement, to illustrate the performance of the scheme.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540020405
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The computational application of the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules 1 and 2 (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 1 (1980), S. 229-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (C—I—P) rules 1 and 2 (material differences) have been expressed in the formal logic of a high-level computer language (FORTRAN IV) on a laboratory minicomputer (PDP 11/40) by the program CHIRAL. An oversight in the C—I—P formalism in the treatment of rings was treated on an ad hoc basis; the problem has been expressed simply in terms of elementary graph theory in a way consistent with and similar to chemical notation. An example of the operation of CHIRAL is provided and the internal procedures discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540010303
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