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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 81 (2002), S. 7-9 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe two- and three-dimensional imaging of a flip-chip silicon integrated circuit using backside optical probing and femtosecond two-photon excitation at a laser wavelength of 1.275 μm. Using a ×50 microscope objective, we typically achieved micron resolutions or better in both lateral and axial directions. Using axial scanning and a peak-detection algorithm we have demonstrated optical depth profiling across components on the chip. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 3389-3391 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Submicron-period gratings have been formed in polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide films using a KrF laser irradiated, zero suppressed, phase mask with a period d=533 nm. The imprinted grating has a dominant period of d rather than d/2, a result which is shown to be due to recording the pattern by a threshold surface ablation process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Interannual, seasonal, and regional variation in the diet of porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, in Scottish (UK) waters was studied using stomach contents of animals stranded between 1992 and 2003. Most samples came from the east coast (including many porpoises killed by bottlenose dolphins), with smaller numbers from the west coast and from Shetland. The most important prey types, in terms of contribution by number and mass, were whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and sand eels (Ammodytidae). Multivariate analysis confirmed the existence of regional, seasonal, and interannual variation in diet, as well as differences (i. e., biases) related to cause of death. These differences were further explored using univariate analyses. Sand eels were more important in the summer months (quarters 2 and 3) and on the east coast, whereas gadids were more important in winter and in the Shetland area. Some, but not all, observed trends in the numerical importance and size of prey taken were consistent with trends in abundance and size of fish taken during research trawl surveys. There was some evidence that porpoises 〈1 yr old took more gobies (Gobiidae) and shrimps than did older porpoises. Clupeids (herring Clupea harengus and sprat Sprattus sprattus) formed a relatively small proportion of the diet, but their importance varied from year to year. Although possible methodological biases prevent firm conclusions, it appears that the importance of clupeids in porpoise diet may have decreased since the 1960s, mirroring the decline in North Sea herring abundance. The recovery of the North Sea herring stock in recent years is not as yet reflected in porpoise diet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Notes: Awareness of crop biosecurity and phytosanitation has been heightened since 9/11 and the unresolved anthrax releases in October 2001. Crops are highly vulnerable to accidental or deliberate introductions of crop pathogens from outside U.S. borders. Strategic thinking about protection against deliberate or accidental release of a plant pathogen is an urgent priority. Rapid detection will be the key to success. This review summarizes recent progress in the development of rapid real-time PCR protocols and evaluates their effectiveness in a proposed nationwide network of diagnostic laboratories that will facilitate rapid diagnostics and improved communication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 17 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Using two ecotypes of Stellaria longipes an alpine form with low plasticity and a prairie form with high plasticity, we investigated whether ethylene was involved in the response to wind stress and might be important in controlling plasticity of stem elongation. Stem growth inhibition was positively correlated with concentration of ethephon application and elevation in ambient ethylene in alpine ecotypes, whereas stem growth in prairie plants was stimulated by low ethephon concentrations. When treated with high AVG, the effects were reversed: alpine plant growth was promoted and prairie plant growth was inhibited. Prairie plants exhibited a daily rhythm in ethylene evolution which increased and peaked at 1500 h, and which was absent in alpine plants. Ethylene evolution did not change significantly during the first 2 weeks of growth in alpine plants, whereas ethylene in prairie plants increased significantly during periods of rapid stem elongation. Wind treatment inhibited growth in both ecotypes, but only alpine plants showed a recovery of growth to control levels when wind stressed plants were pretreated with STS. In addition, only alpine plants showed an increase in ethylene evolution in response to wind simulation, whereas prairie plant ethylene evolution did not deviate from rhythms observed in unstressed plants. We concluded that ethylene dwarfs stems in alpine S. longipes in response to wind stress. However, low levels of ethylene may stimulate growth in prairie ecotypes and act independently of wind stress intensity. The contrasting ability to synthesize and respond to ethylene can account for part of the difference in plasticity documented between the two ecotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 13 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Gravistimulation was investigated as a potential and unwanted component in the interpretation of physiological investigations on plants. Using both seedlings and mature sunflower plants, two situations are described where gravistimulation contributes significantly to the outcome of an experiment not initially designed to include this parameter. The number of adventitious roots formed in derooted seedings decreased when the tops of the plants were allowed to bend over under their own weight, and the effect correlated positively with the rate of ethylene production by non-vertical stems. In droughted mature plants, and increase in leaf and stem ethylene caused by water stress was supplemented by additional ethylene produced in the lower halves of stems. Drought had caused these stem tissues to wilt, become gravistimulated, and thus produce more ethylene. Other situations in which gravistimulated ethylene production and its physiological consequences are likely to be complicating factors in experiments are discussed. It is concluded that procedures that unnecessarily place experimental material in non-vertical orientations should be avoided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Asthma is accepted as a disease characterized by airway inflammation, with evidence that airway structural changes, or ‘remodelling’ occurs. There are few studies relating airway physiology, inflammation and remodelling, however. We have carried out a study of inter-relationships between airway inflammation, airway remodelling, reticular basement membrane (RBM) thickening, and bronchial hyper-reactivity (BHR), before and after high-dose inhaled corticosteroid (fluticasone propionate 750 μg b.d.), in a group of relatively mild but symptomatic, steroid naïve asthma patients.Methods Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group study of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) in 35 asthmatics, with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and airway endobronchial biopsy (EBB) for inflammatory cell profiles and EBB for airway remodelling carried out at baseline, 3 and 12 months.Results At baseline RBM thickening was related to BAL mast cells and EBB eosinophil counts. In turn baseline log EBB EG2 eosinophil count, log%BAL epithelial cells and log RBM thickness explained 55% of the variability in BHR.Conclusion We provide new information that airway inflammation, remodelling, and BHR in asthma are inter-related and improved by ICS therapy. Our data potentially support the need for early and long-term intervention with ICS even in relatively mild asthmatics, and the need to further assess the potential merit of longitudinal BHR testing in management of some patients, as this may reflect both airway inflammation and remodelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Severe hypophosphataemia associated with refeeding syndrome requires treatment with intravenous phosphate to prevent potentially life-threatening complications. However, evidence for replacement regimens is limited and current regimens are complex and replace phosphate inadequately.Aim:  To assess the effectiveness and safety of 50 mmol intravenous phosphate infusion, given as a ‘Phosphates Polyfusor’, for the treatment of severe hypophosphataemia in refeeding syndrome.Methods:  Patients with refeeding syndrome and normal renal function received a Phosphates Polyfusor infusion for the treatment of severe hypophosphataemia (〈 0.50 mmol/L). The outcome measures were serial serum phosphate, creatinine and calcium concentrations for 4 days following phosphate infusion and adverse events.Results:  Over 2 years, 30 patients were treated. Following treatment, 37% of cases had a normal serum phosphate concentration and 73% had a serum phosphate concentration of 〉 0.5 mmol/L within 24 h. Ten patients required more than one Phosphates Polyfusor infusion. Within 72 h, 93% of cases had achieved a serum phosphate concentration of ≥ 0.50 mmol/L. No patient developed renal failure. Three episodes of transient mild hyperphosphataemia were recorded. Four patients developed mild hypocalcaemia.Conclusions:  This is the largest published series of the use of intravenous phosphate for the treatment of severe hypophosphataemia (〈 0.50 mmol/L), and is the most effective regimen described. All patients had refeeding syndrome and were managed on general wards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Discriminant function analyses of infection parameters of parasitic helminths revealed that abundances of seven helminth species contributed significantly to the delineation of four host populations of winter flounder Pleuronectes americanus from the central and south-west Scotian Shelf and the north-east Gulf of Maine (NAFO subdivision 4WX-5Z). These were adult digeneans, Derogenes varicus, Genolinea laticauda, Steganoderma formosum and Steringophorus furciger, metacercariae of the digenean, Stephanostomum baccatum, and larval nematodes, Anisakis simplex and Hysterothylacium aduncum. The correct classification rate was 84% overall, with Georges Bank (5Z) and Sable Island Bank (4W) winter flounder being the most accurately classified samples at 98 and 88%, respectively. Winter flounder from south-west Nova Scotia (4X), an inshore sample from St Marys Bay and offshore fish from Browns Bank, had the lowest rates of correct classification (76 and 71%, respectively) due, primarily, to cross-misclassification between the two samples. Winter pairwise comparisons of four microsatellite markers identified significant genetic differences between all populations sampled with the Georges Bank population being the most genetically distinct overall, and St Marys Bay and Browns Bank fish being the least dissimilar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To explore the population structure of Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus, 160 fish from four locations in the north-west Atlantic (Bay of Fundy, Scotian Shelf, Gulf of St Lawrence and Iceland) were examined for evidence of population structure using 18 microsatellite markers. Pair-wise FST and a model-based cluster analysis revealed no significant differentiation between samples, although uncertainties surrounding Atlantic halibut reproductive behaviour made it difficult to ascertain that only a single breeding population had been sampled at each location
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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