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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in P2X receptor responses of sensory neurons from P2X3-deficient mice (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 14 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons respond to ATP with transient, persistent or biphasic inward currents. In contrast, the ATP responses in nodose neurons are persistent. These sustained currents are also heterogeneous, with one component being accounted for by P2X2/3 receptors, and the residual response probably mediated by P2X2 receptors, although the direct evidence for this has been lacking. In the present study, we examined the P2X receptors on DRG and nodose neurons from P2X3-deficient (P2X3−/−) mice, using whole cell voltage-clamp recording and immunohistochemistry. We found that all P2X3−/− DRG neurons lacked rapidly desensitizing response to ATP, and both DRG and nodose neurons from P2X3-null mutant mice no longer responded to α,β-methylene ATP (αβmeATP). In contrast, ATP evoked persistent inward current in 12% of DRG neurons and 84% of nodose neurons from P2X3−/− mice. This retained persistent response to ATP on nodose neurons had an EC50 for ATP of 77 µm, was antagonized by Cibacron blue and pyridoxal-5-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulphonic acid, potentiated by Zn2+ and acidification, but not enhanced by ivermectin or diinosine pentaphosphate. 2′,3′-O-Trinitrophenyl-ATP antagonized this response with an IC50 of 8 µm. All these properties are consistent with those of recombinant P2X2 homomeric receptors. Furthermore, specific P2X2 receptor immunoreactivity detected in wild-type sensory neurons was unaltered in null mutant mice. Therefore, the αβmeATP-insensitive persistent responses on nodose neurons are likely to be mediated by P2X2 homomers, which contribute to 60% of currents evoked by 100 µm ATP in the wild type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01805.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purinergic receptor expression in the regenerating epidermis in a rat model of normal and delayed wound healing (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 12 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  This study investigated changes in the protein expression of purinergic receptors in the regenerating rat epidermis during normal wound healing, in denervated wounds, and in denervated wounds treated with nerve growth factor (NGF), where wound healing rates are normalized. Excisional wounds were placed within denervated, pedicled, oblique, groin skin flaps, and in the contralateral abdomen to act as a control site. Six rats had NGF-treated wounds and six had untreated wounds. Tissue was harvested at day four after wounding. The re-epithelializing wound edges were analyzed immunohistochemically for P2X5, P2X7, P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors, and immunostaining of keratinocytes was quantified using optical densitometry.In normal rat epidermis, P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors were found in the basal layer where keratinocytes proliferate; P2X5 receptors were associated with proliferating and differentiating epidermal keratinocytes in basal and suprabasal layers; P2X7 receptors were associated with terminally differentiated keratinocytes in the stratum corneum. In the regenerating epidermis of denervated wounds, P2Y1 receptor protein expression was significantly increased in keratinocytes (P 〈 0.001) but P2Y2 receptor protein expression was significantly decreased (P 〈 0.001). Conversely, NGF treatment of denervated wounds, reduced expression of P2Y1 receptors (P 〈 0.001) in keratinocytes but enhanced expression of the P2Y2 receptors (P 〈 0.01) compared with untreated denervated wounds. In innervated wounds, NGF treatment enhanced P2X5 (P 〈 0.001) and P2Y1 receptor protein (P 〈 0.001) expression in keratinocytes. P2X7 receptors were absent in all experimental wound healing preparations. P2X5, P2X7, P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptor protein expression in the regenerating epidermis was altered both during wound healing and also by NGF treatment. Possible roles for purinergic signalling and its relation to NGF in wound healing are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-6705.2003.00110.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vessel tone and remodeling (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 12 (2006), S. 16-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Vascular shear stress (caused by biomechanical forces associated with changes in blood flow) and hypoxia stimulate endothelial cells to release ATP. Purinergic P2 nucleotide receptors on endothelial cells bind ATP, which triggers secretion of nitric oxide, resulting in vasodilation. Although P2Y ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0106-16
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment with arimoclomol, a coinducer of heat shock proteins, delays disease progression in ALS mice (2004)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 10 (2004), S. 402-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative condition in which motoneurons of the spinal cord and motor cortex die, resulting in progressive paralysis. This condition has no cure and results in eventual death, usually within 1–5 years of diagnosis. Although the specific ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1021
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary bladder hyporeflexia and reduced pain-related behaviour in P2X 3 -deficient mice (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 407 (2000), S. 1011-1015 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Extracellular ATP is implicated in numerous sensory processes ranging from the response to pain to the regulation of motility in visceral organs. The ATP receptor P2X3 is selectively expressed on small diameter sensory neurons, supporting this hypothesis. Here we show that mice ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35039519
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The electrical activity of single isolated smooth muscle cells (1973)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 341 (1973), S. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Smooth Muscle ; Tissue Culture ; Electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Smooth mucle cells from the taenia coli of the guinea-pig have been grown in tissue culture. 2. Intracellular recordings from clumps of cells showed spontaneous spikes of variable height, associated with slow waves. Cells in clumps appeared to be electrotonically coupled to their neighbours. 3. Single isolated cells also generated spontaneous spikes and slow waves. Spikes from these cells were of nearly constant height.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01023674
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional autonomic neuromuscular junctions in tissue culture (1974)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 350 (1974), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Tissue Culture ; Electrophysiology ; Autonomic Neuromuscular Junctions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Autonomic ganglia (paravertebral sympathetic and ciliary) formed functional junctions in tissue culture with heart muscle or with smooth muscle of the iris sphincter pupillae, vas deferens or taenia coli. Stimulation of the ganglia after 3–14 daysin vitro evoked contractions of the smooth muscle and either excitatory or inhibitory responses in the heart muscle. Hyoscine abolished contractile responses of smooth muscle in the iris—sympathetic ganglia, vas deferens—ciliary ganglia and taenia coli—ciliary ganglia combinations, and blocked the inhibitory response in the heart—sympathetic ganglia combination, indicating that in these cases the innervation was cholinergic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00586734
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degeneration and regeneration of smooth muscle transplants in the anterior eye chamber (1971)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 117 (1971), S. 155-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth Muscle Transplants ; Vas deferens ; Bladder ; Ureter ; Wound healing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Smooth muscle from small segments of the vas deferens, urinary bladder and the ureter of the guinea pig was transplanted into the anterior chamber of the eye. Some muscle cells had a normal appearance, but others showed morphological changes during the first few days following transplantation. Changes of two main kinds were observed: some cells contained aggregations of glycogen granules and lipid droplets; other cells were characterized by either a general increase in electron density of the cell with the presence of very thick filaments (which are, possibly, aggregates of thin filaments), or cells containing an electron-dense nucleus, ruptured cellular membranous systems and degenerating mitochondria. Following revascularisation, which commenced one to two days after transplantation, areas containing cells with an appearance similar to that of embryonic smooth muscle were apparent. Evidence of mitosis of smooth-muscle and other cell types was also noted, the most active period being five to ten days after transplantation. Bundles containing normal muscle cells were apparent by four weeks in these transplants. However, whole undissected transplants contained normal-looking muscle bundles after one week. These findings are discussed in relation to the repair of wounds to smooth muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330735
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sympathetic ganglia in culture (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 315-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sympathetic ganglia ; Accessory cells ; Tissue culture ; Phase-contrast microscopy ; Fluorescence histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The accessory cells of rat, guinea-pig and chick sympathetic ganglia have been studied in tissue culture with phase-contrast microscopy, time-lapse cinematography and fluorescence histochemistry. Small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells have been described for the first time in culture. Satellite cells, which are closely associated with nerve cell bodies, and interstitial cells, which are dispersed throughout the ganglion, appeared to be identical cell types; they do not correspond to oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system as has been suggested previously. However, a small number of cells closely resembling central oligodendrocytes were present. Astrocyte-like cells have also been seen occasionally, although their identity is not clear. Several other cell types were present and have been identified as Schwann cells, sheath cells, fibroblasts, perineural epithelium, macrophages and endothelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307179
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sympathetic ganglia in culture (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 287-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sympathetic neurons ; Tissue culture ; NGF ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Phase-contrast microscopy, time-lapse cinematography, electron microscopy and fluorescence histochemistry were used to study neurons in cultured sympathetic ganglia of rat, guinea-pig and embryo chick. 2. There was considerable variation in the morphology and size of neurons in all three species. Many neurons migrated into the outgrowth; those that migrated freely in rat and guinea-pig differed sufficiently from non-migratory neurons to allow a classification into type I (migratory) and type II (non-migratory). Type II neurons appeared to correspond to those seen in situ, but whether type I neurons represent immature or retarded neurons, or are due to culture conditions, is not clear. In the chick, no classification on this basis was possible; instead both migratory and non-migratory neurons showed a large and similar variation in nuclear size. 3. In all three species both migratory and non-migratory neurons remained viable and noradrenaline was demonstrable histochemically for eight weeks (oldest cultures studied). Species differences were found in the extent of outgrowth of nerve fibers and accessory cells. 4. Ultrastructural studies showed processes with features characteristic of sympathetic nerves in situ and of regenerating nerves. Profiles with other ultrastructural features were described and their identity discussed. 5. The action of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) at 1 unit/ml on sympathetic nerve fibers showed that guinea-pig was the most susceptible and chick the least. In the rat and guinea-pig, NGF increased levels of noradrenaline. NGF did not alter the appearance or relative numbers of type I and II neurons in rat and guinea-pig, but did affect the size distribution of both chick migratory and non-migratory neurons; some chick neurons were insensitive to NGF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307178
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