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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 177 (1988), S. 381-387 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Muscle spindle ; Development ; Xenopus laevis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The initial formation of muscle spindles was studied with electron microscopy using the toe muscle of Xenopus laevis. At the larval stage 57 (Nieuwkoop and Faber 1967), muscle spindles were first identified primarily by the presence of sensory endings associated with a thin bundle of myotubes, e.g. intrafusal (IF) myotubes which were partly invested by a single cellular layer. The number of IF myotubes per spindle was 5 to 6; the adult complement. IF-and extrafusal (EF) myotubes were almost identical in their size and structure. A few thinner IF myotubes with scaree myofibrils were also present. The reticular zone had been undeveloped. Sensory endings were smaller in size and in number per spindle than those in the adult, forming irregular beaded chains with occasional tubular expansions. The endings and IF myotubes were rarely in direct contact, being frequently interposed by a satellite cell and its process. Incipient fusimotor endings were widely distributed from the juxta-equatorial to the polar region. Large cored vesicles resembling the neurosecretory vesicles occurred in sensory and motor endings as well as in intramuscular nerve fibers. The vesicles may be involved in the neuronal influence upon the spindle differentiation. The results were compared with the formative process of mammalian spindles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 48 (1979), S. 153-156 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: SEM ; Degenerated capillary with amyloid angiopathy ; Senile plaque
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Blood vessels with amyloid angiopathy and senile plaques in the cortices of the brains with Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia were observed by means of a scanning electron microscope. The results obtained were as follows: The blood vessels with amyloid angiopathy were surrounded by solid substances. The senile plaques consisted of rough solid substances, contained degenerated cell processes, and almost all plaques existed around the degenerated capillaries with amyloid angiopathy. From the above described findings, we suggest that the senile plaque has an extremely close relationship to the capillary which had undergone amyloid angiopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 111-117 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene ; Experimental mammary tumour ; Angiogenesis ; Corrosion casts ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined the microvasculature of the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary tumour by scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts. An elaborate vascular envelope predominantly consisting of sinusoidal and venular vessels was formed around each tumour nodule. These vessels exhibited various abnormal features, whereas arterioles appeared normal. The abnormal vessels possessed many globular outpouches, possibly representing the site of angiogenesis. An additional capillary layer was seen in the marginal boundary between the tumour and host tissue. The lack of centrifugally extruding vessels in this layer may indicate a poor potency for vascular spread of tumour cells into the adjacent normal tissue. Looplike or glomerular ingrowths were frequently found on the inner aspect of the vascular capsule, which eventually developed into a dense intranodular plexus. Intranodular vessels often showed focal narrowing, tapering and/ or rupturing, possibly due to increased tissue pressure caused by proliferating tumour cells. Those surrounding necrotic portions were extremely dilated with occasional periodic varicosities. The features may be associated with the lessening of the tissue pressure resulting from tumour cell collapse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: PAP staining ; scirrhous cancer of the stomach ; estrogen ; progesterone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tissue specimens from patients with the scirrhous type of gastric carcinoma were stained using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. Nine out of thirty-seven specimens (24 per cent) showed positive estrogen staining, and here tissues from male or older patients were usually stained. Cumulative survival rate in patients whose tissue showed a positive estrogen staining was higher than that in case of a negative estrogen staining. Four out of thirty-one specimens (13 per cent) stained positively for progesterone, all four patients being male. These results suggest that estrogen and progesterone may relate to the growth of the scirrhous type of gastric cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: breast cancer ; estrogen ; CEA ; immunohistochemical study ; early postoperative recurrence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this paper is to determine whether the incidence of estrogen-, progesterone-, CEA-, and ferritin-positive staining of primary tumors, by using the PAP method, is related to the prognosis of breast cancer status. A significantly higher incidence (71 per cent) of CEA-positive tumors was observed in patients who had a recurrence of breast cancer within 2 years after radical operation. Patients, whose tumors were positive in estrogen or negative in CEA, showed a relatively good prognosis, even after a recurrence of the disease. Distant metastases were seen in most of the patients positive in CEA (78 per cent). Before the recurrence of breast cancer, those patients positive in progesterone had a good prognosis. After the recurrence, however, there was no relationship between the prognosis of recurrent disease and the progesterone-staining of primary tumors. Our data suggest that the immunohistological staining of estrogen, progesterone and CEA might offer the effective prognostic indices in breast cancer patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Wolfe a rapporté que sa classification de l'image xérographique du parenchyme du sein s'appliquait au dépistage des lésions mammaires. Cependant, aucune étude n'avait été entreprise au Japon pour confirmer ce fait. C'est pour cette raison que nous avons entrepris de préciser les relations quantitatives qui existent entre les images parenchymateuses du sein et le cancer mammaire chez les Japonaises. Chez les patientes atteintes de cancer, l'image P2 est la plus fréquente (49,4%) suivie par l'image DY (23,6%), l'image P1 (14,0%) et l'image N (45,2%). Dans le groupe des sujets indemnes de cancer, l'image la plus fréquente fut l'image N (45,2%), suivie de l'image P1 (26,9%), l'image P2 (21,3%) et l'image DY (6,7%). Le groupe caractérisé par l'image DY s'est soldé par 31% de cancers qui se sont manifestés avant 50 ans, et seulement par 13% après la cinquantaine. Inversement, le groupe caractérisé par l'image P2 montre que le taux du cancer s'est élevé à 58% après 50 ans et à 41% avant la cinquantaine. Plus de 70% des malades atteintes de cancer du sein présentaient les images P2 et DY entre 30 et 59 ans. Au-dessus de 60 ans la fréquence des cancers fut plus basse (55,6%). L'ensemble de ces résultats démontre que la classification proposée par Wolfe est valable pour dépister le cancer du sein chez les Japonaises.
    Abstract: Resumen Wolfe ha informado que la clasificación de los patrones xerográficos parenquimatosos de la glándula mamaria es de utilidad en programas de valoración general de la población para detectar carcinoma. Sin embargo, no se ha realizado intento alguno orientado a confirmar tal aseveración en el Japón. Es por ello que hemos investigado la relación entre los patrones parenquimatosos mamarios y la prevalencia de cáncer mamario en mujeres japonesas. En las pacientes con cáncer, el patrón P2 apareció como el patrón dominante (49,4%), seguido del patrón DY (23,6%), el patrón P1 (14,0%) y el patrón N (45,2%). En el grupo de pacientes libres de cáncer, el patrón dominante fue el patrón N (45,2%), seguido del P1 (26,9%), P2 (21,3%) y DY (6,7%). El grupo DY representó el 31% de los cánceres aparecidos en mujeres menores de 50 años, en tanto que sólo representó el 13% en mujeres mayores de esta edad. Por el contrario, el patrón P2 representó el 58% de los cánceres en mujeres mayores de 50 años, comparado con el 41% para aquellos descubiertos en mujeres menores de 50 años. Más del 70% de las pacientes con cáncer exhibieron los patrones P2 y DY en el grupo de edades entre los 30 y los 59 años. La incidencia fue más baja (55,6%) en los pacientes con cáncer de edad superior a los 60 años. Estos resultados demuestran que la clasificación propuesta por Wolfe es de valor en los programas generales de investigación para cáncer mamario en mujeres japonesas.
    Notes: Abstract Wolfe has reported that his classification of xerographic parenchymal patterns of the breast was of value in screening programs. However, there has been no attempt to confirm his work in Japan. Therefore, we investigated the relationship of breast parenchymal patterns to breast carcinoma prevalence in Japanese females. In the cancer patients, the P2 pattern was the most dominant pattern (49.4%), followed by the DY pattern (23.6%), the P1 pattern (14.0%), and the N pattern (13.0%). In the group without carcinoma, the dominant pattern was the N pattern (45.2%), followed by the P1 pattern (26.9%), the P2 pattern (21.3%), and the DY pattern (6.7%). The DY pattern was associated with 31% of breast carcinomas that occurred in women under 50 years of age, whereas it was associated with only 13% of breast carcinomas in women older than 50 years. Conversely, the P2 pattern was associated with 58% of the breast carcinomas occurring in women over age 50 years compared to 41% of those occurring in women younger than age 50. More than 70% of the patients with breast carcinoma who were between 30 and 59 years of age demonstrated the P2 and DY patterns. In the patients with breast carcinoma who were over 60 years of age, the incidence of these patterns was somewhat lower (55.6%). The present results demonstrate that the classification proposed by Wolfe is of value in the screening programs for breast carcinoma in Japanese females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: CEA in gastric juice ; gastric cancer ; immunohistochemical staining for CEA ; intestinal metaplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To clarify the significance of immunoreactive carcinoembryonic antigen in gastric juice (gastric CEA) from gastric cancer patients, we studied the gastric CEA in comparison with cancer progress, histologic types of tumors, staining, for CEA and extent of intestinal metaplasia. The gastric CEA levels from patients with other gastric diseases, i.e., gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and chronic gastritis were also investigated. The mean gastric CEA level from gastric cancer patients was significantly higher than from gastric or duodenal ulcer patients, but there was no significant difference between levels in patients with gastric cancer and in those with chronic gastritis. The gastric CEA levels from cancer patients increased with progression of the cancer. The differentiated carcinomas showed significantly higher gastric CEA levels than the poorly differentiated carcinomas. Positive CEA tumors showed significantly higher gastric CEA levels than did the negative CEA tumors. The tumors with diffuse intestinal metaplasia revealed high gastric CEA levels. Determination of gastric CEA levels is considered to be useful for screening of gastric cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: adenosine deaminase ; gastric cancer ; OK-432
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study was undertaken to determine the adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity of peripheral lymphocytes in patients with gastric cancer, with respect to the cancer progression, the effect of surgery and/or immunotherapy. The gastric cancer patients showed lower lymphocyte ADA activity than did the normal control. The lymphocyte ADA activity did not decrease with the cancer progression. There was a significant correlation between lymphocyte ADA activity and blastogenesis of lymphocyte by phytohemaglutinin or concanavalin A. Six months following gastrectomy, the lymphocyte ADA activity was increased, as compared with the preoperative value. The ADA activity of patients on post-operative OK-432 showed a greater increase, as compared to that of patients not given this treatment. In conclusion, decreased lymphocyte ADA activity in gastric cancer patients might be due to either the cancer bearing status or to the immunological suppression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: leucocyte migration inhibition test ; 3M KCl tumor extract ; TAAs ; gastric cancer ; colorectal cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Leucocytes from patients with gastric cancer and other malignant and non-malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract as well as from healthy controls were tested for leucocyte migration inhibition test (LMI) using five different, allogeneic 3M KCl soluble extracts from gastric cancer tissues. The normal range of migration index (MI) was considered to be between. 0.77 and 1.18 by calculating the mean MI±2SD of ten healthy controls with cancer extracts. MIs out of this range were considered to be pathologic. In LMI test with a single tumor extract, pathologic MI was found in 48% of 79 gastric cancer patients, such being significantly higher than in those (4–21%) of three other groups of patients. In the panel model of LMI, i.e., testing each blood sample with five different tumor extracts, 79% (62/79) of patients with gastric cancer were reactive, while 25% (5/20) of colorectal cancer patients showed “positive” reaction and no “positive” reactivity was observed in two other groups of patients. thus, the “positive” reactivity in patients with gastric cancer was observed significantly higher than those in the other 3 groups of patients. Gastric cancer extracts had a wide range of cross-reactivity when compared with colorectal tumor extracts which showed a relatively restricted corss-reactivity. Thus, the LMI test, particularly when tested by a panel mode, seems to express cell-mediated immunity against tumor associated antigens of gastric cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: estrogen receptor ; progesterone receptor ; gastric cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PgR) were immunohistologically investigated in 107 patients with gastric cancer who underwent curative resection. Both ER and PgR were detected only in the cancer cell nucleus. The ER positive rate was 27.7% for males and 31.0% for females, while the PgR positive rate was 9.2% for males and 11.9% for females. Clinicopathologically, the ER positive rate was slightly higher in young females and in cases of poorly differentiated gastric cancer. When cumulative survival rates were analyzed in relation to the presence or absence of receptors, the 10-year cumulative survival rate after surgery was significantly lower in the ER positive cases, being 15.7% cent, than in the ER negative cases, being 62.7%, and also significantly lower in the PgR positive cases, being 18.2%, than in the PgR negative cases, being 48.3%. The coexistence of ER and PgR in gastric cancer tissue suggests that the ER is physiologically active, or that ER positive gastric cancer is hormone-dependent. The poor prognosis of patients with receptor positive gastric cancer suggests that gastric cancer with these receptors is highly malignant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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