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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Powder administration of pure budesonide for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 46 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of a pure powder formulation of budesonide, delivered from a new multi-dose dispenser for nasal drug application, with the commercially available budesonide pressurized aerosol, and with placebo. Of 116 patients with grass pollen-induced allergic rhinitis, 112 finished the study, which comprised a 4-week treatment period, preceded by a 1-week run-in period. The patients were randomized to four parallel treatment groups: budesonide powder 400 Hg daily; budesonide powder 800 μg daily; budesonide aerosol 400 μg daily; and placebo Powder. Treatment was given once daily in the morning. The study was double-blind regarding comparison between budesonide powder and Placebo. Assessment of efficacy, made by comparing mean scores of nasal symptoms and use of rescue medication, showed equal efficacy of all three budesonide groups compared with placebo. There were no differences between budesonide-and placebo-treated groups with regard to side effects. Budesonide treatment had no demonstrable effect on the HPA-axis assessed by measurement of 24-h urine cortisol. We conclude that budesonide, delivered as pure powder from a multi-dose dispenser, is effective and safe for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. This new formulation is a good alternative to the commercially available preparations, as it does not contain carrier gas, preservatives or lubricants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1991.tb00627.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Measurement of PC20 histamine with the use of two different nebulizers and measurement of FEV1 and PEF (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 46 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Histamine challenge was performed in 19 patients using two nebulizers (PARI and Wright) and FEV1 and PEF were measured to determine PCOT histamine. FEV1 and PEF gave identical PC20 histamine values. The PARI nebulizer gave PC20 histamine values that were 2.5 doubling concentrations lower than the Wright nebulizer. The reproducibility of histamine challenge with the PARI nebulizer1 was studied in 15 patients and the results suggested that the challenge was reproducible within one doubling concentration of histamine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1991.tb00573.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of Isoprinosine Treatment of HIV-Positive Patients on Blood Mononuclear Cell Subsets, NK- and T-Cell Function, Tumour Necrosis Factor, and Interleukins 1, 2, and 6 (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 32 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The immunomodulatory drug isoprinosine has been found to delay the occurrence of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected individuals. To elucidate the mechanism of action, eight HIV-positive, healthy patients were treated with isoprinosine, 3 g/day for 28 days; six patients received no treatment but were examined in parallel, and two patients were withdrawn. All patients had blood collected just before the start as well as on days 14 and 28 of isoprinosine treatment.Isoprinosine significantly enhanced the lymphoproliferative response after stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and purified derivative of tuberculin (PPD), while isoprinosine had no effect on the following immune parameters: the expression of surface markers on blood mononuclear cells including CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD25, leu-8, and HLA-DR. Furthermore isoprinosine did not influence the ability of interleukin 2 (IL-2) to stimulate the proliferation of lymphocytes or the natural killer (NK) cell activity either unstimulated or stimulated in vitro with alpha interferon (IFN-α), IL-2. or indomethacin. Neither did isoprinosine affect the in vitro production of (IL-1) α or β, IL-2, IL-6. or tumour necrosis factor (TNF).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb03206.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Physical exercise modulates the cellular immune system in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 1 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin , Sportwissenschaft
    Notizen: The recent findings that bicycle exercise training may reduce the number of swollen joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stimulated us to examine the possibility that this was mediated through exercise-induced immunomodulation. The effect of a single bout of physical exercise on blood mononuclear subsets, proliferative responses and natural killer (NK) cell activity was determined. Six patients with moderately active RA for 20 years exercised for 27 min on a bicycle, the work intensity being estimated at 68% of max V̇O2max. Blood samples were collected before and during the last minutes of exercise, as well as 2 h afterwards. During bicycle exercise the proportion of T cells (DC3+ cells) declined, mainly because of a fall in T helper cells (DC4+ cells). The proportion of NK cells (CD16+ cells) increased during work, but reverted afterwards. The monocytes (CD14+ cells) did not change; B cells (CD20+ cells) declined slightly during exercise and reverted later. No change in PHA-, PPD- and Unstimulated BMNC proliferation occurred during exercise. Two hours after exercise, PPD- and IL-2-induced proliferation increased significantly, except for the PHA-stimulated response. The NK cell activity increased only significantly during exercise when the cells were preincubated with indomethacin, and returned to normal 2 h afterwards. This shows that brief, moderate exercise by patients with RA alters the composition of blood mononuclear cell subsets and cell functions. The clinical significance of this immunomodulation remains to be elucidated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1991.tb00291.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cellular immunity in highly trained elite racing cyclists during periods of training with high and low intensity (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 1 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin , Sportwissenschaft
    Notizen: Cellular immunity was measured under resting conditions in 29 highly trained male racing cyclists during a period of low training intensity (winter), and in 15 untrained people. Fifteen of the cyclists were reexamined during a period of high training intensity (summer) together with 10 of the untrained people. Data on lymphocyte subpopulations, natural killer cell activity and lymphocyte proliferative responses were obtained. Changes in any of these immune parameters from low to high training seasons did not differ significantly between the trained and untrained people. The natural killer cell activity was significantly higher in the cyclists, both during the period of low training intensity (39.2±11.6%vs 30.9±6.4%) and during the period of high training intensity (55.2±18.4% vs 33.6±20.3%). Leucocyte, lymphocyte and neutrophil concentrations did not differ between the two groups. The blood mononuclear cell (BMNC) subsets, including CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD16+ cells, and the BMNC proliferative responses following stimulation with either interleukin 2, purified derivative of tuberculin or phytohaemagghitinin did not differ significantly between the groups.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1991.tb00290.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glutamine, Lymphocyte Proliferation and Cytokine Production (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 44 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The present in vitro study was conducted to examine how glutamine influences the lymphocyte function. Glutamine had no effect on the production of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 or tumour necrosis factor-α, but influenced the production of interleukin-2 and interferon-γ. Glutamate, leucine, isoleucine and valine (substrates for glutamine production), or the combination of glutamate and leucine, did not influence the lymphocyte proliferative response or the cytokine production. In conclusion, glutamine influenced the production of some T-cell-derived cytokines, and is thereby important for optimal lymphocyte proliferation. Furthermore, the results show that lymphocytes are not capable of producing glutamine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-352.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Clinical Progression of HIV Infection: Role of NK Cells (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The purpose of the study was to examine how immune parameters related to non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted cytotoxicity changed with respect to progression and duration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Forty-one HIV seropositive subjects with a known time for seroconversion were included. The major finding was that a low percentage and number of natural killer (NK) cells were found in the group who had a rapid progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (less than 70 months following seroconversion) compared with those progressing more slowly to AIDS (more than 70 months following seroconversion). Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between the number of months from seroconversion to the diagnosis of AIDS and percentages of CD16+ cells (rs = 0.811, P 〈 0.01), CD56+ cells (rs= 0.647, P 〈 0.05), and CD16+CD56+ cells (rs= 0.839, P 〈 0.01) as well as the concentration of CD16+CD56+ cells in the blood (rs= 0.699, P 〈 0.05). No differences were found in percentages and concentrations of NK cell subsets between subjects with a long history (more than 6 years) versus a short history (less than 6 years) of HIV infection without AIDS. Furthermore, no negative correlations were found between the concentration of any NK subsets and the number of months since seroconversion in HIV seropositive individuals without AIDS. The total concentration of CD16+, CD56+, and CD16+ CD56+ cells was lower in the group of HIV seropositive subjects compared with HIV seronegative subjects (age and sex matched), and the concentration of CD16+ cells was lower in those with AIDS than in those without AIDS. In conclusion, low concentration of NK cells in the blood was associated with a more rapid disease progression, indicating that defective non-MHC restricted cytotoxicity may be associated with HIV disease progression.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-98.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reduced Release of Intact and Cleaved Urokinase Receptor in Stimulated Whole-Blood Cultures from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Patients (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 61 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The blood levels of the soluble forms of the urokinase receptor (suPAR) are increased in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients. This study investigated whether the release of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in whole-blood cultures was affected by HIV infection. The release of different uPAR forms in whole-blood cultures incubated 24 h with or without phytohemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide was analysed in 47 HIV patients and 19 controls. suPAR was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (bulk-suPAR) and three different time-resolved fluorescence immunoassays measuring three-domain suPAR [suPAR(I–III)], three- and two-domain suPAR [suPAR(I–III) + suPAR(II–III)] and one-domain suPAR [suPAR(I)]. The uPAR release was correlated to leucocyte subpopulations and plasma levels of suPAR. The stimulated net whole-blood culture release of bulk-uPAR, uPAR(I–III), uPAR(II–III) and uPAR(I) was reduced in HIV patients (all P 〈 0.01), whereas the spontaneous bulk-uPAR and uPAR(I–III) release was increased in HIV patients (both P 〈 0.05). The stimulated uPAR release in whole-blood cultures correlated well to leucocytes and circulating suPAR levels in controls, whereas the correlation was weaker to leucocytes and nonexisting to circulating suPAR levels in HIV patients. These findings demonstrate that HIV infection affects stimulated and spontaneous uPAR release in whole-blood cultures. Given that high blood levels of suPAR in HIV patients are linked to immune activation, the perturbations in uPAR release in whole-blood cultures from HIV patients may also reflect immune activation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01582.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interleukin-6 Infusion During Human Endotoxaemia Inhibits In Vitro Release of the Urokinase Receptor from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 61 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Leucocyte expression of the urokinase receptor [urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)] is regulated by inflammatory mediators. This study investigated the in vivo effect of endotoxin, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α on uPAR-release in vivo and in vitro in humans. Healthy subjects received intravenous endotoxin injection [high-dose, 2 ng/kg (n = 8) and low-dose, 0.06 ng/kg (n = 7)], coadministration of 0.06 ng/kg endotoxin and 3 h recombinant human (rh)IL-6 infusion (n = 7) or 3 h infusion of rhIL-6 (n = 6), rhTNF-α (n = 6) or NaCl (n = 5). Soluble uPAR (suPAR) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in plasma and supernatants from unstimulated and phytohaemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures incubated for 24 h. The spontaneous and stimulated uPAR-release from PBMC cultures was enhanced 5 h after low-dose endotoxin (both P 〈 0.05), but coadministration of rhIL-6 during low-dose endotoxaemia abolished this enhanced uPAR release. High-dose endotoxin increased plasma suPAR levels (P 〈 0.001) whereas low-dose endotoxin, rhIL-6 or TNF-α did not influence uPAR release in vivo to such degree that a systemic effect on the plasma suPAR level was detectable. Even subclinical doses of endotoxin in vivo enhance the capacity of PBMC to release uPAR after incubation in vitro. The inhibitory effect of IL-6 on endotoxin-mediated uPAR-release in vitro suggests that IL-6 has anti-inflammatory effects on endotoxin-mediated inflammation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2005.01547.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Assessment of the allergic reaction in seasonal rhinitis: acoustic rhinometry is a sensitive and objective method (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background Seasonal allergic rhinitis constitutes an excellent in vivo model of an allergic mucosal inflammatory reaction. This offers the opportunity of studying the fundamentals of allergic inflammation in addition to improvement of knowledge on the basal pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. So far, monitoring methods of disease activity and treatment efficacy have mainly been based upon subjective assessments, illustrating the impact of introducing reliable objective methods.Objective To investigate the allergic inflammatory reaction of seasonal rhinitis through different objective methods and evaluate these as indicators of disease activity and treatment efficacy.Methods Functional parameters, i.e. acoustic rhinometry and nasal metacholine challenge, and biological markers, i.e. blood eosinophil count, eosinophil cationic protein in serum (s-ECP) and nasal lavage fluid (n-ECP), were assessed before and at peak pollen season in 27 patients with grass pollen induced rhinitis. Patients were randomized to either nasal corticosteroid or placebo treatment and recorded nasal symptom scores.Results Acoustic rhinometry revealed a significant difference in favour of steroid treatment (P 〈 0.05) comparing nasal volumes before and during season. This difference primarily relied upon a decrease in the placebo group (P= 0.05). A reduction from baseline of s-ECP in the steroid group (P 〈 0.01) was obtained. N-ECP demonstrated a difference between treatment groups, although not significant. Symptom scores increased in all patients during the pollen season, although this was only significant in the placebo treated patients (P 〈 0.01). The remaining methods applied did not demonstrate further differences, either within or between treatment groups.Conclusion Our results demonstrate acoustic rhinometry to be a sensitive and objective method of assessment of nasal obstruction. Furthemore, acoustic rhinometry and s-ECP reflect the impact of nasal steroid therapy on seasonal allergic rhinitis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00524.x
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