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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 3206-3208 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A direct-write laser system and an atomic force microscope (AFM) are combined to modify thin layers of aluminum on an oxidized silicon substrate, in order to fabricate conducting and robust etch masks with submicron features. These masks are very well suited for the production of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) by reactive ion etching. In particular, the laser-modified areas can be subsequently locally oxidized by AFM and the oxidized regions can be selectively removed by chemical etching. This provides a straightforward means to define the overall conducting structure of a device by laser writing, and to perform submicron modifications by AFM oxidation. The mask fabrication for a nanoscale suspended resonator bridge is used to illustrate the advantages of this combined technique for NEMS. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.
    Journal of fish biology 67 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Hepatocytes in primary culture from fed and 2 month fasted Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus were exposed to physiological doses of either cortisol, salmon growth hormone (GH), salmon insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) or a combination of salmon GH and salmon IGF-I. Fasting significantly lowered medium glucose levels compared to the fed fish, but had no significant effects on hepatocyte glycogen content or on the activities of enzymes involved in the intermediary metabolism. Cortisol treatment had no effect on hepatocyte glycogen content or on the enzyme activities investigated, but resulted in a significant increase in medium glucose concentration in hepatocytes isolated from fasted, but not fed fish. GH and IGF-I treatments, both singly and in combination, significantly increased the glycogen content of hepatocytes isolated from fed fish, with less pronounced effects on hepatocytes isolated from fasted fish. The combination of GH and IGF-I significantly increased lactate dehydrogenase activity regardless of the feeding state and significantly reduced the phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity and medium glucose concentration in hepatocytes isolated from fed fish. Further, GH and IGF-I significantly increased the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in hepatocytes isolated from fasted fish, but not fed fish. There were no effects of GH, IGF-I, or their combination, on glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase or 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities. The results demonstrated that nutritional status of the animal modulates hepatocyte responsiveness to metabolic hormones, and suggested a role for GH and IGF-I in hepatic glycogen conservation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Krill (Euphausia superba) provide a direct link between primary producers and higher trophic levels in the Antarctic marine food web. The pelagic tunicate Salpa thompsoni can also be important during spring and summer through the formation of extensive and dense blooms. Although salps are not a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 69 (1998), S. 443-449 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Diverticular disease ; Emergency operation ; Prognostic factors ; Morbidity ; Mortality. ; Schlüsselwörter: Dickdarmdiverticulitis ; Notfalloperation ; Prognosefaktoren ; Morbidität ; Letalität.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden die Prognosefaktoren bzgl. Morbidität und Letalität von 105 notfallmäßig operierten Patienten mit perforierter Dickdarmdiverticulitis untersucht. Bei unterschiedlichem Ausprägungsgrad der Diverticulitis (Hinchey-Klassifikation I: 8,6 %, II: 14,3 %, III: 57,1 %, IV: 20,0 %) betrug die Letalität 12,4 %. In der multivariaten Analyse waren die präoperative Sepsis mit Leukopenie und Leberfunktionsstörungen, kardiale Risikofaktoren und die Adipositas eigenständige prognoseverschlechternde Parameter. Bei gleichzeitig vorliegender Immunsuppression kam es zu einem deutlichen Anstieg der Letalität auf 33 %. Das Ausmaß der Peritonitis zeigte keinen Einfluß auf die Prognose. Das Operationsverfahren (Kontinuitätsresektion 12,4 %, Diskontinuitätsresektion 61,9 %, nicht resezierende Verfahren 25,7 %) hatte multivariat nur einen Einfluß auf die vermehrte Ausbildung allgemeiner Komplikationen.
    Notes: Summary. Morbidity and mortality after emergency procedures in 105 patients with perforated colonic diverticulitis were evaluated in a retrospective study. In different stages of diverticulitis (Hinchey classification: I, 8.6 %; II, 14.3 %; III, 57.1 %; IV, 20.0 %) mortality was 12.4 %. Preoperative sepsis syndrome with leucopenia and disturbed liver function, cardiac risk factors and obesity were independent prognostic factors in multiple logistic regression. Accompanied by immunosuppression the mortality rate remarkably increased to 33 %. The stage of peritonitis showed no influence on the prognosis. In multivariate analysis, surgical procedure (primary resection 12.4 %, Hartmann's procedure 61.9 %, non-resection procedures 25.7 %) showed influence only on increased general complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two marine microflagellates, isolated from the North Pacific Central Gyre, and tentatively identified as Platymonas sp. and Mantoniella sp., were examined for uptake of 14C-methylamine, a non-metabolizable analogue of ammonium. Half-saturation constants (K m) for ammonium transport, estimated from competitive inhibition of methylamine transport by ammonium, were 50 nM for Platymonas sp. and 2.9 nM for Mantoniella sp. These values are the lowest so far reported, indicating that the transport systems are well adapted to extremely low ammonium environments. The ratio of the K m for methylamine to the K m for ammonium was 17 for Platymonas sp. and 41 for Mantoniella sp. The observed ratios fell within the relatively narrow range reported for various organisms, including bacteria, fungi and phytoplankton (25.0±15.5, $$\bar x$$ ± SD, n=9), although the reported K mvalues for both ammonium and methylamine vary over a thousand-fold range. The use of 14C-methylamine may therefore be a promising technique for studying the kinetics of ammonium transport by marine microorganisms, particularly those in oligotrophic environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution and activity of bacterioplankton, and the turnover of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were examined in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. On the eastern side of the Sound, bacteria averaged 6.5×108 l-1, and turnover rates of dissolved adenosine triphosphate, D-glucose and l-leucine averaged 16, 116 and 124 h, respecitvely. These molecules as well as thymidine were taken up maximally from 0° to 5°C and near-maximally from -1.5° to 0°C, indicating bacterial adaptation to rapid turnover of dissolved organic matter at the ambient temperature. On the west side of the Sound, bacteria averaged only 0.65×108 l-1, and turnover times for adenosine triphosphate, D-glucose and lleucine averaged 59, 20454, and 3070 h, respectively. Total microbial adenosine triphosphate (an indicator of total microbial biomass) and chlorophyll a were also much lower at the western than at the eastern side stations. Moreover, no primary production could be detected at one western side station (New Harbor). Thus, in McMurdo Sound, the western side is highly oligotrophic, but the eastern side has an abundant active bacterioplankton, comparable to that of temperate coastal waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 58 (1997), S. 1 -7 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1572-977X
    Keywords: Avicennia alba ; growth ; internodal sequences ; mangrove age determination ; Rhizophora apiculata ; Sonneratia caseolaris ; Thailand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The occurrence of periodic changes in the length of the internodes of the seedlings of SE Asian mangrove species (Rhizophora apiculata, Avicennia alba, and Sonneratia caseolaris) growing in the Pak Phanang estuary (Nakhon Si Thammarat, SE Thailand) was confirmed. The annual nature of these periodic changes was verified through comparisons with the observed average number of internodes produced by plants tagged for one year. The cycles in the sequence of internodal length of the seedlings had an average (± SE) period of 16.0 ± 0.78 internodes for Avicennia alba, 25.0 ± 1.2 internodes for Sonneratia caseolaris, and 8.29 ± 0.40 internodes for Rhizophora apiculata. These values are remarkably close to, and not significantly different (t‐test, P 〉 0.05) from the average (± SE) annual number of internodes of 17.6 ± 0.8 for Avicennia alba, 28.8 ± 2.1 for Sonneratia caseolaris, and 8.03 ± 0.36 for Rhizophora apiculata produced in a year by tagged plants. In addition, the average (± SE) growth of the tagged plants was 0.39 ± 0.018 cm day-1 for Avicennia alba, 0.24 ± 0.015 cm day-1 for Sonneratia caseolaris, and 0.091 ± 0.0036 cm day-1 for Rhizophora apiculata. These estimates were very close to those (0.45 ± 0.06 cm day-1 for Avicennia alba, 0.32 ± 0.01 cm day-1 for Sonneratia caseolaris, and 0.13 ± 0.005 cm day-1 for Rhizophora apiculata) derived as the product of the mean number of internodes produced per day, calculated from the inferred number of internodes produced per year, and the mean length of the internodes of the plants. These findings indicate that the use of regular, annual changes in the length of the internodes of mangrove seedlings can be used reliably to determine their age and to estimate their growth rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 45 (1982), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Bence Jones proteinuria ; Glomerular filtration rate ; Myelomatosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Forty-two consecutive patients with untreated myelomatosis (MM) formed the basis of settling the validity of measuring the renal plasma clearance (RPC), either indirectly using the serum creatinine or directly using the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) when studying anaemia, calcium metabolism, proteins in serum and urine, and prognosis. Patients without light chain excretion in the urine had a higher GFR (P〈0.01) than patients with light chain excretion. The haemoglobin concentration (Hb) was strongly correlated (P〈0.001) to both, serum creatinine and GFR. Patients with normal serum concentrations of the physiological immunoglobulins had higher Hb (P〈0.01) than patients with reduced serum immunoglobulins. Patients with serum calcium 〉3.00 mmol/l had additional reduced GFR compared with the other myeloma patients. The serum parathyroid hormone was decreased (P〈0.01) and inversely correlated to the GFR. Patients with increased serum creatinine, reduced GFR or with osteolytic bone lesions had a decreased survival rate. The study shows that the major factor in prediction of Hb and prognosis in patients with MM is the RPC expressed either as the serum creatinine or the GFR. In addition, the significant correlations between the GFR and the other variables in MM assessed the RPC to be a useful and valuable marker in studies of anaemia, protein and calcium metabolism and prognosis in MM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  A new glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger was isolated and characterized. The enzyme showed different kinetic and stability characteristics when compared to a commercially available batch of A. niger glucose oxidase. The gene encoding the new glucose oxidase was isolated and DNA sequence analysis of the coding region showed 80% identity to the sequence of a glucose oxidase gene previously published. However, the similarity of the non-coding sequences up- and downstream of the open reading frame was much less, showing only 66% and 50% identity respectively. Despite the low degree of similarity between the promotor region of the new gene and the previously published one, the new glucose oxidase was likewise induced by calcium carbonate. In addition, we showed that this induction occurred on the transcriptional level. Observations concerning the effect of gluconolactone and the levels of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase upon calcium carbonate induction suggested that the enhancement of glucose oxidase biosynthesis by calcium carbonate was accompanied by a metabolic shift from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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