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  • 2005-2009  (1)
  • 1995-1999  (23)
  • 1975-1979  (9)
  • 1955-1959  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Van der Waals and capacitive forces in atomic force microscopies (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 5245-5248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this article we show that in the atomic force microscopy experiments performed on a metallic surface, there is always a long range electrostatic force in addition to the van der Waals forces. This capacitive force is due to the contact potential between the tip and the surface and exists even without external applied potential. We have calculated this capacitive force for a real geometry of the tip–sample system and compared it to the van der Waals force calculated for the same geometry. We conclude that the electrostatic force is always dominant for a tip–surface distance larger than half of the tip radius of curvature. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371506
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ measurement of large piezoelectric displacements in resonant atomic force microscopy (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2848-2852 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In resonant atomic force microscopy (AFMR) the calibration of the tip–sample relative displacement remains a major problem. Commonly used PZT piezoceramics exhibit a nonlinear behavior response for large applied voltages. For low voltages applied to the piezoceramics (i.e., small corrugations), the calibration can be performed by measuring the height of known structures. For large displacements, the interferometric heterodyne detection used in the AFMR provides a relative tip–sample displacement up to 10 μm, without removing the piezo-tube from the microscope. From these measurements, it was established that the piezosensitivity is not a constant parameter. Its averaged value during an excursion depends linearly on the applied voltage. With this system, routine controls are very easy and an example is given of the displacement corrections related to the nonlinearity of the piezo-tube for the electrostatic interaction between the tip and a gold surface. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145566
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ocean-floor hydrothermal metamorphism in the Limousin ophiolites (western French Massif Central): evidence of a rare preserved Variscan oceanic marker (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 23 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The Limousin ophiolite is located at the suture zone between two major thrust sheets in the western French Massif Central. This ophiolitic section comprises mantle-harzburgite, mantle-dunite, wehrlites, troctolites and layered gabbros. It has recorded a static metamorphic event transforming the gabbros into undeformed amphibolites and the magmatic ultramafites into serpentinites and/or pargasite-bearing chloritites. With various thermobarometric methods, it is possible to show that the different varieties of amphibole have registered low-P (c. 0.2 GPa) conditions with temperature ranging from high-T, late-magmatic conditions to greenschist–zeolite metamorphic facies. The abundance of undeformed metamorphic rocks (which is typical of the lower oceanic crust), the occurrence of Ca–Al (–Mg) metasomatism illustrated by the growth of Ca–Al silicates in veins or replacing the primary magmatic minerals, the P–T conditions of the metamorphism and the numerous similarities with oceanic crustal rocks from Ocean Drilling Program and worldwide ophiolites are the main arguments for an ocean-floor hydrothermal metamorphism in the vicinity of a palaeo-ridge. Among the West-European Variscan ophiolites, the Limousin ophiolites constitute an extremely rare occurrence that has not been involved in any HP (subduction-related) or MP (orogenic) metamorphism as observed in other ophiolite occurrences (i.e. France, Spain and Germany).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2005.00610.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some Studies of Protein Crystals in a Variety of Different Media1 (1956)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 78 (1956), S. 1107-1113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01587a007
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrostatic forces between metallic tip and semiconductor surfaces (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 3308-3314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Atomic force microscopy used in the resonant mode is a powerful tool for measuring local surface properties: for example, the quantitative analysis of the electrical forces induced by the application of an electric field between a conductive microscope tip and a surface allows the determination of the tip/surface capacitance and the local surface work function. However, these quantitative analyses require knowledge of tip geometry. In this article, we show that the simple procedure of evaluating the tip curvature radius by fitting the variations of the electrostatic force with the tip-surface distance is not always adapted to the case where one of the tip-surface system elements is a semiconductor. However, particular experimental conditions are determined to overcome these difficulties. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358616
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A multiphoton polarization study of the Rydberg states of OCS in the 70 500–74 500 cm−1 energy region (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 6147-6153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polarization dependence of the (2+1) and (3+1) resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization of OCS have been investigated in the 70 500–74 500 cm−1 energy region. This region contains a complex system of bands arising from the excitation of the 4p Rydberg states. The symmetry of most of the observed bands have been unambiguously determined based on the intensity changes of the two and three photon resonant spectra using both linearly and circularly polarized light. These results generally confirm the assignments suggested in a previous study. New bands have also been observed and some new assignments are proposed. The vibrational frequencies ν1, ν2, and ν3 of the Rydberg states in that energy region are determined. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.472474
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Room-temperature normal-mode coupling in a semiconductor microcavity utilizing native-oxide AlAl/GaAs mirrors (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 3031-3033 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A GaAs/AlAs microcavity containing six InGaAs quantum wells was grown, and the sample was then etched via chemically-assisted ion-beam etching to form 50-μm-diam cylindrical mesas. The formation of native oxides, accomplished by baking the samples at 400 °C in the presence of a pressurized N2/H2O vapor line, lowered the refractive index of the AlAs layers to 1.5. The higher refractive index contrast more effectively confined the intracavity field, leading to well-resolved reflectivity dips with an exciton-polariton splitting of 6.72 nm=9.44 meV at room temperature. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116829
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental investigation of the nf Rydberg states of carbon disulfide (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 8866-8873 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The (2Πg3/2,1/2)nf Rydberg states of CS2 are investigated by means of (3+1) resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) time-of-flight (TOF) spectroscopy. The excitation spectrum of jet-cooled carbon disulfide has been obtained in the 74 000–81 000 cm−1 energy region. From the CS2+ mass selected REMPI spectra, the nf Rydberg series have been clearly identified and they have been found converging to the two spin–orbit components of the CS2+ (X 2Πg) ground state corresponding to the n=4–11 members. Comparison of the CS2+, CS+, S+ mass selected REMPI spectra gave a better insight of the competition between dissociation and ionization processes. The use of linearly and circularly polarized laser light, selection rules and quantum defect considerations have led to a preliminary analysis of the measured nf complexes. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.475178
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-angle X-ray scattering on α-crystallin of calf eye lens (1978)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 11 (1978), S. 477-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: α-Crystallin is one of the main structural proteins of the mammalian eye lens. The biochemistry of structural proteins of the mammalian eye lens has been reviewed by, for example, Harding & Dilley (1976). This work reports X-ray scattering studies on the native α-crystallin from calf eye lens. α-Crystallin was prepared according to Hoenders & van Kamp (1972). It was concentrated by dissolving an ultra-centrifuge pellet. Two different types of camera were used: a Kratky camera operated at a Philips PW 1130 generator, copper tube, and a laboratory-constructed double-focusing camera (Elliott generator GX 6).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987801362X
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations from the IDA network of attenuation and splitting during a recent earthquake (1979)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 277 (1979), S. 358-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The project for the International Deployment of Accelerometers (IDA) is intended to provide very low frequency seismic data for the study of Earth structure and source mechanisms. This article outlines preliminary results on attenuation and splitting derived from IDA recordings of a recent large ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/277358a0
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