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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly Concentrated Branched Oligosaccharides as Cryoprotectant for Surimi (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 64 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Freeze-thawing studies at different concentrations, using an actomyosin solution (extracted from Alaska pollock), revealed that an 8% (w/v) solution of oligosaccharides mixture (HBOS) was most effective in cryoprotection. During frozen storage (-18°C), HBOS showed cryoprotective effects similar to sucrose and a sucrose+sorbitol mixture (1:1). Surimi gel prepared with HBOS showed higher hardness and more dense microstructure than others, although water holding capacity was slightly lower than the gel with sucrose+sorbitol. HBOS containing gel showed lower whiteness than sucrose but no difference with sucrose+sorbitol. HBOS appeared to have good potential as a non-sweet cryoprotectant of fish protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1999.tb15055.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of pressure on the pore formation of carbon/carbon composites during carbonization (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 34 (1999), S. 4585-4595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this study, porosity and graphitizability of coal tar pitch with the treatment pressure were investigated. 4-directional carbon/carbon composites (4D C/C) were made from the matrix precursor of coal tar pitch through the process of impregnation and carbonization. Then the effects of applied pressure during the densification on the composites were observed. The matrix pitch which had 600 bar applied during the carbonization process had one and a half times less pore area ratio than that treated at 1 bar. When the pitch was heat treated up to 2300°C after the high pressure carbonization, the degree of graphitization was improved on a small scale and the crystal size tended to reduce. As the applied pressures to 4D C/C composites increased from 1 to 600 bar, the densification ratio was greatly improved. In the pore size distribution of the 4D C/C composites, the macropore portion was decreased while the mesopore portion increased, when high pressures were applied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004674213884
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface energy and polarity of treated indium–tin–oxide anodes for polymer light-emitting diodes studied by contact-angle measurements (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 2774-2778 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present contact-angle hysteresis and surface energy of differently treated indium–tin–oxide (ITO) thin films obtained from contact angles for liquids with different polar character. We find that the hysteresis and the polar and dispersion component of the surface energy depend strongly on the surface treatments. Oxygen-plasma treatments induce the highest polarity and the highest total surface energy, and we suggest that this improves the interface formation with polymers, and therefore, the performance of light-emitting diodes. We discuss the results in relation to the ITO surface roughness and chemical heterogeneity modified by the different treatments. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371124
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical and numerical model for estimating unknown magnetic parameters in studying ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupled films (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 6202-6204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new method of estimating unknown magnetic parameters for coupled thin films of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials is introduced. It combines convenient torque and spin angle measurements with strength of mathematical models and numerical techniques. Description of this approach is outlined and test results for several simulated examples are presented. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370221
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of self-organized critical transport in tokamak plasmas (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 1289-1307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A theoretical and computational study of the ion temperature gradient (ITG) and ηi instabilities in tokamak plasmas has been carried out. In a toroidal geometry the modes have a radially extended structure and their eigenfrequencies are constant over many rational surfaces that are coupled through toroidicity. These nonlocal properties of the ITG modes impose a strong constraint on the drift mode fluctuations and the associated transport, showing self-organized criticality. As any significant deviation away from marginal stability causes rapid temperature relaxation and intermittent bursts, the modes hover near marginality and exhibit strong kinetic characteristics. As a result of this, the temperature relaxation is self-similar and nonlocal, leading to radially increasing heat diffusivity. The nonlocal transport leads to Bohm-like diffusion scaling. Heat input regulates the deviation of the temperature gradient away from marginality. We present a critical gradient transport model that describes such a self-organized relaxed state. Some of the important aspects in tokamak transport like Bohm diffusion, near marginal stability, radially increasing fluctuation energy and heat diffusivity, intermittency of the wave excitation, and resilient tendency of the plasma profile can be described by this model, and these prominent features are found to belong to one physical category that originates from the radially extended nonlocal drift modes. The obtained transport properties and scalings are globally consistent with experimental observations of low confinement mode (L-mode) discharges. The nonlocal modes can be disintegrated into smaller radial islands by a poloidal shear flow, suggesting that the transport changes from Bohm-like to near gyro-Bohm. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871754
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron diamagnetic drift effect on the trapped hot particle-driven resistive interchange mode (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 496-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The linearized flux-surface-averaged resistive magnetohydrodynamic equations, which include the electron diamagnetic drift and hot particle effects, are derived and studied numerically. The effect of electron diamagnetic drift on the trapped hot particle-driven resistive interchange mode is then investigated. It is shown that the effect can have a strong stabilization effect on the mode, similar to the conventional resistive interchange mode case. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872117
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum: "Role of the radial electric field in the transition from L (low) mode to H (high) mode to VH (very high) mode in the DIII-D tokamak'' [Phys. Plasmas 1, 1536 (1994)] (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 1358-1358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871492
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Negative shear effect on toroidal ion temperature gradient mode (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 1012-1014 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A study of the effect of negative shear on the toroidal ion temperature gradient mode is given. It is shown that the negative shear can give a substantial stabilizing effect on the mode when the safety factor q is small. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871407
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixing enhancement via nozzle trailing edge modifications in a high speed rectangular jet (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 11 (1999), S. 2731-2742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An aspect ratio 3 rectangular nozzle with design Mach number 2 was used to investigate the effects of trailing edge modifications on mixing enhancement and to explore the sources of streamwise vorticity at the fully expanded jet Mach numbers 1.75, 2.0, and 2.5. The trailing edge modifications are simple cut-outs in the plane of the nozzle at the nozzle exit. The investigation of mixing and interaction between mixing layers and vortices was performed by the laser sheet illumination technique. Through surface flow visualizations and wall pressure measurements, the investigation of the major source of streamwise vorticity was carried out. In addition, the variation of thrust generated by the nozzle with modified trailing edges was investigated. In the underexpanded flow condition, the major source of streamwise vorticity was determined to be the spanwise surface pressure gradient on the modification. Substantial mixing enhancement was achieved in this flow regime. On the other hand, in the overexpanded flow regime, the role of streamwise vortices in mixing and the source of streamwise vorticity were unclear, and mixing enhancement was not substantial. No measurable thrust loss or gain was obtained for nozzles with trailing edge modifications, regardless of the type of modification. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870132
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technique for the experimental estimation of nonlinear energy transfer in fully developed turbulence (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 3998-4009 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new procedure for calculating the nonlinear energy transfer and linear growth/damping rate of fully developed turbulence is derived. It avoids the unphysically large damping rates typically obtained using the predecessor method of Ritz [Ch. P. Ritz, E. J. Powers, and R. D. Bengtson, Phys. Fluids B 1, 153 (1989)]. It enforces stationarity of the turbulence to reduce the effects of noise and fluctuations not described by the basic governing equation, and includes the fourth-order moment to avoid the closure approximation. The new procedure has been implemented and tested on simulated, fully developed two-dimensional (2-D) turbulence data from a 2-D trapped-particle fluid code, and has been shown to give excellent reconstructions of the input growth rate and nonlinear coupling coefficients with good noise rejection. However, in the experimentally important case where only a one-dimensional (1-D) averaged representation of the underlying 2-D turbulence is available, this technique does not, in general, give acceptable results. A new 1-D algorithm has thus been developed for analysis of 1-D measurements of intrinsically 2-D turbulence. This new 1-D algorithm includes the nonresonant wave numbers in calculating the bispectra, and generally gives useful results when the width of the radial wave number spectrum is comparable to or less than that of the poloidal spectrum. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871572
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