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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superplasticity in Coarse Grained AI-Mg Alloys (1996)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 233-234 (Oct. 1996), p. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/02/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.233-234.193.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid Phase Welding of Alloy AA6061 and SiC〈sub〉p〈/sub〉 Reinforced Alloy AA6061 at Intermediate Temperature (1996)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 242 (Dec. 1996), p. 225-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/02/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.242.225.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metastable Equilibrium Solubility Behavior of Bone Mineral (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 64 (1999), S. 329-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Carbonated apatites — Bone mineral — Solubility — Crystallinity — Calcium phosphates.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Previous studies have shown that carbonated apatites with a range of carbonate contents and crystallinities exhibit the phenomenon of metastable equilibrium solubility (MES) distributions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the solubility behavior of bone mineral using the concepts of MES and MES distributions and, together with crystallinity and chemical composition data, examine the similarity of bone mineral to carbonated apatite (CAP). Bone samples were harvested from 1-, 5-, and 8-month-old rats. The organic components of the bone samples were removed by hydrazine deproteination. Carbonated apatite was synthesized by the hydrolysis of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) in a NaHCO3-containing media at 50°C. The MES distributions of bone mineral and CAP were determined by equilibrating predetermined amounts of CAP or bone mineral in a series of 0.1 M acetate buffers containing calculated levels of calcium and phosphate and maintained at essentially constant pHs of 5.0, 5.3, 5.7, and 6.5. From the compositions of the equilibrating buffer solutions, ion activity products based upon the stoichiometries of octacalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and carbonated apatite were calculated in an attempt to determine the function governing the dissolution of CAP and bone mineral. The results of this study demonstrated that the MES distribution phenomenon appeared to hold for bone mineral and that the changes in crystallinity of bone mineral with age correlated well with changes in the MES values. A CAP sample was prepared that was found to be an excellent synthetic prototype closely mimicking the physicochemical behavior of bone mineral from an 8-month-old rat. Another finding of this study was that the ion activity product function based upon the hydroxyapatite stoichiometry well described the MES results obtained with both CAP and bone mineral. The interpretation that a surface complex with hydroxyapatite stoichiometry governs the solubility behavior of bone mineral is, therefore, consistent with the experimental data. Other calcium phosphate stoichiometries for the surface complex showed systematic variations in the MES profiles when the pH of the equilibrating solution was varied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900628
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships Among Carbonated Apatite Solubility, Crystallite Size, and Microstrain Parameters (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 64 (1999), S. 437-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Carbonated apatites — Solubility — Calcium phosphates — Crystallite size — Microstrain.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The use of the metastable equilibrium solubility (MES) concept to describe the solubility properties of carbonated apatites (CAPs) and human dental enamel (HE) has been well established in previous studies using a range of CAPs with varying carbonate contents and crystallinities. It was shown in these studies that the mean value of the CAP MES is directly related to the broadening parameter full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the 002 reflection of the X-ray diffraction profile. The apparent solubility of the CAPs increased monotonically with an increase in the broadening of the diffraction peaks, and when this peak broadening was taken into account, carbonate had no additional effect upon the MES. The broadening of the diffraction peaks has been used as an indicator of crystallinity, and is generally influenced by both crystallite size and microstrain. The purpose of the present study was to extract the crystallite size and microstrain parameters separately from the X-ray diffraction peaks and then to determine their relationships to the corresponding MES values. The samples studied were CAPs synthesized by precipitation from Ca(NO3)2 and NaH2PO4 solutions in carbonate containing media at temperatures of 95, 80, and 70°C, and powdered HE. The crystallite size and microstrain parameters were determined simultaneously with the refinement of the structural parameters with the Rietveld method of whole-pattern-fitting structure-refinement. A modified pseudo-Voigt function was used to model the observed peak profiles. The MES distributions for the CAPs and HE were determined by a previously described method. The results of this study showed that the CAPs possessed an MES distribution and therefore provided further support that MES distribution is a common phenomenon, regardless of the method of CAP synthesis. The crystallite size decreased and the microstrain increased with increasing carbonate content and decreasing temperature of synthesis of the CAPs. A plot of the mean of the MES distribution versus the microstrain parameter showed that the apparent solubility of the CAPs and HE correlated very well with the microstrain parameter. On the other hand, a plot of the mean of the MES distribution versus the crystallite size parameter showed a poor correlation between MES and crystallite size. These findings support a view that microstrain, rather than crystallite size, is the dominant factor governing the effective solubility of the CAPs and dental enamel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005826
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Porosity on Fatigue Strength of Lotus-Type Porous Copper (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 510-511 (Mar. 2006), p. 966-969 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Tension and compression fatigue property was investigated for lotus-type porous copper possessing cylindrical pores aligned in one direction. The cyclic stress was applied in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pores. It was found that the fatigue strength at finite life of lotus-type porous copper is lower than that of nonporous copper, and the strength in the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pores is higher than that in the perpendicular direction
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/12/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.510-511.966.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of water-soluble (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1999), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the amount of a water-soluble, lactose, on cephalexin (CEX) release from bioactive bone cement consisting of bisphenol-α-glycidyl methacrylate (bis-GMA), triethylene-glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) resin and apatite- and wollastonite-containing glass-ceramic (A–W GC) powder was investigated. A–W GC powder containing 5% CEX and lactose powders hardened within 5 min after mixing with bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin, and furthermore its compressive strength was expected to be higher than that of polymethylmethacrylate cement. In vitro CEX release from bioactive bone cement pellets in a simulated body fluid at pH 7.25 and 37°C continued for more than 2 wk. The drug-release rate increased with increasing amount of lactose powder in the mixture. CEX release profiles followed the Higuchi equation in the initial stage, but not in later stages. As hydroxyapatite was precipitated out on the cement surface, the CEX release rate decreased. The micropore distribution of the cements measured by mercury porosimetry also supported the variation in drug release due to cement porosity being mainly a result of the dissolution of lactose in the cements. These results suggest that the rate of CEX release from bioactive bone cement could be controlled by varying the amount of lactose in the cement system. © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008848328724
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