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  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (9)
  • 1925-1929
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (5)
  • intracranial pressure  (3)
  • Adjuvant therapy  (1)
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Material
Years
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The contribution of arachidonic acid to the aetiology and pathophysiology of focal brain oedema; studies using an infusion oedema model (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 113 (1991), S. 57-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Blood brain barrier ; cerebral blood flow ; intracranial pressure ; arachidonic acid ; brain oedema ; evoked potential
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Arachidonic acid solution (2 to 15 mg/ml) was infused into the right forebrain white matter of anaesthetised cats over three hours to evaluate its contribution to the genesis and pathophysiology of vasogenic brain oedema. The 0.6 ml infusion increased local white matter water content by a mean of 11.3 ml/100 g tissue but did not increase cortical water content. Histological studies revealed local expansion and trabeculation of the white matter with aggregations of granulocytic neutrophils in the venules and perivenular brain. The adjacent cortical cytoarchitecture was normal. The white matter around the infusion site was stained lightly and over a variable area (15–20 mm2) by intravenously administered Evans Blue dye 2%. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) adjacent to the frontal infusion did not change significantly during the period of infusion and remained similar to rCBF in the contralateral hemisphere. Following the arachidonic acid infusion regional CBF CO2 reactivity was normal and three was no asymmetry of either cortical somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) or motor evoked potential (MEP) waveforms. The increase in brain water content and changes in the ICP and ICP related biodynamics (pressure-volume index, lumped craniospinal compliance and CSF outflow resistance) were similar to those seen following infusion of 0.6 ml saline. These studies suggest that free intraparenchymal arachidonic acid, at concentrations exceeding those occurring in most neuropathological conditions, can increase the normal brain parenchymal capillary permeability but does not disrupt focal cerebrovascular and electrophysiological function. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01402116
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rodent model of infusion brain edema: Methodology and pathophysiological effects of saline and protein infusions (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 105 (1990), S. 158-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Brain edema ; cerebral blood flow ; brain tissue hydraulic resistance ; somatosensory evoked potential ; intracranial pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the potency of putative secondary mediators of brain edema and their possible contribution to edema related brain dysfunction an infusion model of brain edema was developed in rats. 100 ul of fluid (saline, 20% nonautologous protein) was infused over one hour into the left forebrain white matter through a stereotaxically placed (+ 1.2 mm ant to bregma, 3 mm lateral and 2.9 mm depth) 25 G needle. Brain tissue hydraulic resistance (Rt), regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and intracranial pressure (ICP) (intraventricular needle) were monitored during the infusion and rCBF CO2 reactivity (hydrogen clearance), local brain water content (microgravimetry), BBB integrity (Evans Blue 2%) and brain histology (H & E, Solochrome-cyanin) were evaluated after the infusion. Saline infusates caused no physiological dysfunction despite ipsilateral expansion and vacuolation of the subcortical white matter, separation of axonal bundles and a significant decrease (p=3.8×10−5)in local subcortical tissue specific gravity. Cortical histology and specific gravity adjacent to the infusion locus were normal. Rt significantly decreased (p=6.5×10−4) during the infusion but there were only minor increases in ICP. Findings with 20% protein infusates were similar despite a focal 65% decrement in the rCBF CO2 reactivity adjacent to the infusion site. This study has shown that a simple and inexpensive model of infusion brain edema can be created in the rat and that it provides a useful model for assessing the physiological effects of mediator compounds in the infusate. Potential applications and methodological improvements for this model are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01670001
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of bradykinin in the etiology of vasogenic brain edema and perilesional brain dysfunction (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 115 (1992), S. 53-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Bradykinin ; intracranial pressure ; evoked potentials ; cerebral blood flow ; brain edema ; blood brain barrier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The feline infusion model of brain edema was used to evaluate the role of bradykinin in the etiology and pathophysiology of vasogenic brain edema. Bradykinin (3 or 90 ug in 600 μL saline) did not alter normocapnic regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) nor induce specific changes in either the somatosensory (SEP) or motor (MEP) evoked potentials. The mean increases in ICP (from 4.5 to 16.1 mmHg) and peri-infusion white matter water content (from 69.4 to 79.8 ml/100 g tissue), mean decrease in lumped craniospinal compliance (from 0.040 to 0.014 ml/mmHg) and local histological changes were all similar to those after 600 μL saline infusion. The interstitial bradykinin infusion caused focal blood-brain-barrier (BBB) opening to Evans Blue dye and was chemotaxic for granulocytes. After the infusion there was a global loss of rCBF CO2 reactivity but there was no ischemia at normocapnia. These results show that bradykinin in brain edema fluid, at concentrations greater than those found in neuropathological conditions, can open the BBB of normal cerebral parenchymal capillaries and cause vascular dysregulation. In neuropathological conditions bradykinin may therefore potentiate formation of vasogenic brain edema but does not contribute to perilesional brain dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400591
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen nichtkleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinoms —eine Literaturrecherche der letzten 5 Jahre (1991)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 376 (1991), S. 32-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Non-small-cel carcinoma of the lung ; Adjuvant therapy ; Inoperable cases ; Metaanalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen einer Metastudie über adjuvante Therapie und die Therapie der inoperablen nichtkleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinome wurden vom 1. 1. 1985–1. 5. 1990 376 Artikel anhand eines Entscheidungsstammbaumes mit Punkten bewertet. Von maximal 71 Punkten lagen nur 5,4% der Artikel zur adjuvanten Therapie und 7,3% der Publikationen zur Therapie der inoperablen Fallen uber 45 Punkten. Bei den inoperablen Fällen hat die Radiotherapie mit bis zu 11 Monaten medianer Überlebenszeit bei zufriedenstellender Lebensqualität die besten Ergebnisse gezeigt. Die Chemotherapie ermöglicht bei einer Ansprechrate von 13–30% in normdosierten Zweierkombinationen ebenfalls signifikante Steigerungen der Überlebenszeit (7,4 Monate), die im Hinblick auf die Lebensqualität der behandelten Patien ten mit belastenden Nebenwirkungen verbunden sind. Immuntherapie oder Chemo-Radiokombinationsbehandlung können aufgrund der Behandlungstoxizität bei fehlendem Lebensgewinn in den untersuchten Konzepten nicht empfohlen werden. Die adjuvante Therapie bleibt ohne lebensverlängernden Effekt. Hier bleibt die alleinige chirurgische Behandlung die Therapie der Wahl.
    Notes: Summary In the course of a metaanalysis concerning adjuvant therapy and the therapy of inoperable non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung, undertaken from 1. 1. 1985 to 1. 5. 1990, 376 publications were evaluated on a point system based on a decicion tree. Out of a maximum of 71 obtainable points only 5.4% of the publications on adjuvant therapy and only 7.3% of publications on palliative therapy obtained more than 45 points. Regarding inoperable cases X-ray therapy with a median survival of 11 months and satisfactory life quality demonstrated the best results. Significant increases in survival are also possible with chemotherapy (7.4 months) in standard-dose pair combinations which, however, are associated with negative side effects on the treated patients. Immune and radio-chemotherapy cannot be recommended on account of treatment toxicity without a gain in life quality. Adjuvant therapy shows no life-prolonging effect. Consequently surgical treatment remains the first choice of therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00205125
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    129Xe NMR as a probe of polymer blends (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 30 (1992), S. 527-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with 129Xe as probe of polymer blends ; blends, 129Xe as NMR Probe of ; rubbery polymer blends, 129Xe as NMR probe of ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The miscibility of two-component polymer blends has been investigated using xenon-129 (129Xe) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to probe the phase morphology. The chemical shift of 129Xe dissolved in a given polymer is unique, thus heterogeneous blends with large domain sizes exhibit two 129Xe NMR lines. When a single resonance is obtained, the data are consistent with miscibility, yielding an upper bound on the domain size. The temperature dependence of the relative solubilities and chemical shifts of 129Xe dissolved in the pure components may allow a determination of the phase morphology in blends exhibiting a single resonance. The method is used to demonstrate that polychloroprene and 25% epoxidized 1,4-polyisoprene form a miscible blend.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1992.090300602
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fundamental modeling in anionic polymerization processes (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 39 (1990), S. 2395-2417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The anionic solution polymerization of butadiene was studied employing both batch and continuous reactor operations with n-butyllithium (n-BuLi) initiator, tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) modifier, and hexane solvent. A model was proposed that described the kinetics as a function of both the fully modified and unmodified regressed rate data. Using the proposed kinetic model, the conversion, vinyl structure, and heterogeneity index of polymers produced for a series of continuous runs were successfully predicted. The model was used to simulate several process configurations.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070391115
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reaction engineering of the anionic polymerization of isoprene (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47 (1993), S. 1589-1599 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The anionic solution polymerization of isoprene with n-butyllithium (n-BuLi) initiator and tetramethylethylenediame (TMEDA) modifier or n-butyllithium (n-BuLi)initiator and tripiperidinophosphine (TPPO) modifier was studied and kinetic and reactor models are proposed for both systems. Reactor conversion, molecular weight distribution, and polymer glass transition temperature had been calculated from the model and compared favorably to actual data for various combinations of reactor system and operating conditions. Simulations of the models can be used to design reactor systems, and predict polymer properties of a large-scale operation from results of small-scale batch reactor runs. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070470907
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling studies of the controlled anionic copolymerization of butadiene and styreneDedicated to Professor Maurice Morton to commemorate the establishment of the Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science at the University of Akron. (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 33 (1994), S. 151-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: anionic copolymerization ; modelling studies ; styrene ; butadiene ; polymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The anionic polymerization of isoprene with n-butyl lithium and polar modifier such as TMEDA and tripiperdinophosphine oxide were studied and kinetic and reactor models are proposed for these systems. Reactor conversion, molecular weight distribution and polymer glass transition temperature had been calculated from the model and compared favorably to the actual data for various combinations of reactor systems and operating conditions. Simulations of the model can be used to design reactor systems and predict polymer properties of large-scale operations from results of small scale batch reactor runs.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1994.210330205
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of seawater-resistant polyurethane elastomers for use as sonar encapsulants (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 911-923 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyurethane systems based on aliphatic diisocyanates were evaluated for suitability for use as underwater transducer encapsulants. A preliminary evaluation was performed to select the most promising urethane systems for further development. An investigation was then undertaken to determine the effect of compositional changes on the properties of these urethanes. The compositional parameters investigated were the soft-segment molecular weight, the prepolymer isocyanate content, the composition of the cure formulation, and the cure stoichiometry. These urethanes were subjected to long-term aging in seawater. It was found that this exposure did not significantly effect the physical or dynamic mechanical properties of the urethane.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420405
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