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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 397-404 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A reasonable analytical procedure of the overall reaction rate for the phase transfer catalysis with mass transfer is discussed. Alkaline hydrolysis of n-butyl acetate with a phase transfer catalyst Aliquat 336 (tricaprylmethylammonium chloride, Q+Cl-) was chosen as a model system and carried out in an agitated vessel with a flat interface. Overall reaction rates observed were proportional to the interfacial concentration of the actual reactant Q+OH- (the ion pair consisting of quaternary ammonium cation Q+ and OH-) for the hydrolysis in the organic phase. The interfacial concentration of Q+OH- was a unique function of bulk concentrations of the catalyst and NaOH, and the ionic strength of the aqueous solution. This behavior of the overall reaction rates was explained by the proposed model solution. The reaction rate constant, evaluated by fitting the rate data to the model prediction, was 47 m3/kmol·s at 298 K. It was 70 or more times greater than that of conventional alkaline hydrolysis in the aqueous phase.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 879-886 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new type of fluidized bed, called a circulating fluidized-bed adsorber (CFBA), was developed for processing a large quantity of water with high efficiency. Its fluid mechanical characteristics are reported, as well as recovery of uranium from natural seawater using a small CFBA. Using hydrous titanium oxide, granulated with polyacrylonitrile (PAN-HTO), as an adsorbent, CFBA ran stably for six days, the period required for the adsorbent to collect a practical amount of uranium. To predict the uranium adsorption performance of a plant-size CFBA, a numerical model simulating the adsorption kinetics was developed. The result of the numerical calculation by the model was in good agreement with the experimental data.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1667-1670 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 2028-2033 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Heterogeneous oxidation of benzyl alcohol using hypochlorite ion with phase-transfer catalyst is carried out in an agitated vessel with a flat interface. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and toluene are chosen as the best catalyst and solvent, respectively. Observed reaction rates are proportional to the interfacial concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium hypochlorite in the organic phase, which is formed by ion exchange between bromide and hypochlorite ions. They are reasonably explained by the proposed theoretical model for the phase-transfer catalysis. The reaction rate constant evaluated by fitting the rate data to the model prediction is 22.7 m3 /kmol·s at 303 K, independent of the physical properties in the aqueous solutions. The maximum yield of benzaldehyde is about 90% and the selectivity is 100% for the conversion of hypochlorite ion less than 80%.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1003-1010 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new fludized bed which is divided in a looplike shape by a partition wall has been developed for recovering trace elements from a large quantity of industrial water. The bed, a circulating fluidized bed applicable to a liquid-solid two-phase flow, is called a circulating fluidized bed absorber (CFBA). Adsorbent particles are mixed and carried along with water in the CFBA. At the upper part of the bed, the absorbent particles are separated from the water flow and recycled in the bed; the depleted water flows out of a water outlet. The CFBA is operated at two to three times higher velocity than conventional liquid-solid contacting systems. The pressure drop in the CFBA is in proportion to the amount of adsorbent suspended in the contacting section. Characteristics of the CFBA, including design considerations, are described.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 279-284 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of particle size on the impact properties of an epoxy resin has been studied. This resin was filled with irregular-shaped silica particles prepared by crushing fused natural raw quartz. These particles were sorted into six groups of different mean sizes ranging from 2 to 47 μm. The impact properties were measured by an instrumented Charpy type impact tested, which can record a load-displacement curve during impact fracture. The impact absorbed energy (U) was measured using specimens having a U-shaped blunt notch, and the impact fracture toughness (KCI) was measured using specimens having a sharp crack introduced by a fresh razor blade. As the particle size decreased. U increased and KCI decreased. The fractured surfaces and crack tip regions were observed using a scanning electron microscope to clarify the above phenomena.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 989-995 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Using twin screw extrusion and stampable sheeting processes, we have investigated the application of reactive processing technology to fiber-reinforced stampable sheet made of an unsaturated polyester (UP) alloy with high toughness. As a result, we obtained a stampable sheet composed of a UP/nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) polymer alloy matrix and glass fiber mats with physical properties equivalent to those of polypropylene (PP) stampable sheet, and moreover, with higher heat resistance than PP.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 15 (1993), S. 29-33 
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) is often used in injection molding for products that demand high heat resistance. However, proper control of its flow properties is difficult. To improve flow behavior some internal lubricants are usually used, but they reduce heat resistance of the products. Upper critical solution temperature (UCST) lubricants were found to enhance its flow properties, and also high heat resistance was retained. They act as internal lubricants during processing, improving flow and phase separation during cooling. Therefore they are present essentially as inert filler and thus have little effect on heat distortion temperature.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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