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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do cisgenic plants warrant less stringent oversight? (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 753-753 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: While the debate continues on the appropriate level of regulatory oversight for transgenic plants, we believe there are strong reasons for legislators to differentiate cisgenic from transgenic plants. A cisgenic plant is a crop plant that has been genetically modified with one or ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0706-753
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene expression and carbohydrate content during stolon to tuber transition in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 90 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In using an efficient and synchronised in vitro tuberisation system the transition of axillary buds from stolons to tubers in Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Bintje was followed. After 5 or 6 days on tuber-inducing medium all axillary buds had formed tubers which increased in size until the experiment was ended at day 10. Concomitantly with the visible appearance of tubers the fresh weight of the axillary buds increased as well as their starch content. Soluble sugar content, notably glucose, increased until tuberisation occurred and dropped after that. In the daily sampled explants gene expression was studied at several levels. RNA was isolated from the different explants during the whole tuberisation experiment and northern blots were probed with cDNAs encoding genes involved in starch- and patatin-biosynthesis. It was shown that in the very early stages of development hardly any transcript could be detected. Only one day before visible swelling occurred were clear signals obtained for all the genes investigated. Although it was evident that coordinate expression of starch biosynthetic genes did occur, it was not in a similar fashion for all the genes. Sucrose synthase and ADPG-pyrophosphorylase B were expressed in an identical fashion which was different from ADPG-pyrophosphorylase S, granule-bound starch synthase and branching enzyme. The RNA levels of these three latter genes reached a maximum at day 5, remaining constant until the experiment was finished. The transcript levels of sucrose synthase and ADPG-pyrophosphorylase B reached their highest level at day 5 after which they dropped to a lower level at day 10. Patatin gene expression was clearly different from that of the starch biosynthetic genes: it steadily increased from day 4 until the end of the experiment. Enzyme activities of sucrose synthase. ADPG-pyrophosphorylase and branching enzyme confirmed the RNA expression data and showed that ADPG-pyrophosphorylase enzyme activity reached a maximum at day 4 after which it dropped. The other two enzyme activities could be detected at or one day after tuberisation occurred and increased until the experiment was ended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb00389.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of a chimaeric granule-bound starch synthase-GUS gene in transgenic potato plants (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 691-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: chimaeric gene ; granule-bound starch synthase ; sugar inducibility ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; transgenic plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Granule-bound starch synthase is the key enzyme in amylose synthesis. The regulation of this gene was investigated using a chimaeric gene consisting of a 0.8 kb 5′ upstream sequence of the granule-bound starch synthase gene from potato and the β-glucuronidase gene which was introduced into potato using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector system. The chimaeric gene was highly expressed in stolons and tubers, whereas the expression in leaves, stems or roots from greenhouse-grown plants was relatively low. However, leaves from in vitro grown plantlets exhibited an elevated GUS expression. The expression of the chimaeric gene was inducible in leaves by growth on relatively high concentrations of sucrose, fructose and glucose and was about 30- to 50-fold higher than in leaves from greenhouse-grown plants. The granule-bound starch synthase gene is expressed organ-specifically since stolons and tubers showed GUS activities 125- to 3350-fold higher than in leaves. The activities in these two organs are 3- to 25-fold higher than the expression of the CaMV-GUS gene. Histochemical analysis of different tissues showed that only certain regions of leaves and roots express high GUS activities. Stolons and tubers show high expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037054
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field evaluation of transgenic potato plants expressing an antisense granule-bound starch synthase gene: increase of the antisense effect during tuber growth (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 26 (1994), S. 1759-1773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: antisense RNA ; field trial ; granule-bound starch synthase ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; transgenic plants ; tuber development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transgenic plants of a tetraploid potato cultivar were obtained in which the amylose content of tuber starch was reduced via antisense RNA-mediated inhibition of the expression of the gene encoding granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS). GBSS is one of the key enzymes in the biosynthesis of starch and catalyses the formation of amylose. The antisense GBSS genes, based on the full-length GBSS cDNA driven by the 35S CaMV promoter or the potato GBSS promoter, were introduced into the potato genome by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Expression of each of these genes resulted in the complete inhibition of GBSS gene expression, and thus in the production of amylose-free tuber starch, in mature field-grown plants originating from rooted in vitro plantlets of 4 out of 66 transgenic clones. Clones in which the GBSS gene expression was incompletely inhibited showed an increase of the extent of inhibition during tuber growth. This is likely to be due to the increase of starch granule size during tuber growth and the specific distribution pattern of starch components in granules of clones with reduced GBSS activity. Expression of the antisense GBSS gene from the GBSS promoter resulted in a higher stability of inhibition in tubers of field-grown plants as compared to expression from the 35S CaMV promoter. Field analysis of the transgenic clones indicated that inhibition of GBSS gene expression could be achieved without significantly affecting the starch and sugar content of transgenic tubers, the expression level of other genes involved in starch and tuber metabolism and agronomic characteristics such as yield and dry matter content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019490
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and mapping of three flower colour loci of potato (S. tuberosum L.) by RFLP analysis (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 295-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Allelism ; RFLP map ; Anthocyanin markers ; Tester clones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The inheritance of flower colour in diploid potato (2 n = 2x = 24), was found to be controlled by three unlinked loci D, F and P. To determine the allelism with previously described loci and to dissect this oligogenic trait, a set of tester clones with well-defined genotypes was developed. By backcrossing the mapping population with these tester clones it was possible to obtain monogenic segregation ratios. These were required to detect linkage with RFLP loci and, despite distorted Mendelian ratios, the inheritance and mapping of the D, F and P loci could be unambiguously determined. Locus D, involved in the biosynthesis of red anthocyanins, was mapped on chromosome 2, while locus P, involved in the production of blue anthocyanins, was mapped on chromosome 11. Locus F, involved in the flower-specific expression of gene(s) accommodated by the D and P loci, was mapped on chromosome 10. The tester clones and the map position of the D, F and P loci may be of considerable value in simplifying the genetics of anthocyanin pigmentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222091
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence of the structural gene for granule-bound starch synthase of potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) and evidence for a single point deletion in the amf allele (1991)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 228 (1991), S. 240-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Frameshift ; Potato ; Starch ; Transit peptide ; Waxy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The genomic sequence of the potato gene for starch granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS; “waxy protein”) has been determined for the wild-type allele of a monoploid genotype from which an amylose-free (amf) mutant was derived, and for the mutant part of the amf allele. Comparison of the wild-type sequence with a cDNA sequence from the literature and a newly isolated cDNA revealed the presence of 13 introns, the first of which is located in the untranslated leader. The promoter contains a G-box-like sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence of the precursor of GBSS shows a high degree of identity with monocot waxy protein sequences in the region corresponding to the mature form of the enzyme. The transit peptide of 77 amino acids, required for routing of the precursor to the plastids, shows much less identity with the transit peptides of the other waxy preproteins, but resembles the hydropathic distributions of these peptides. Alignment of the amino acid sequences of the four mature starch synthases with the Escherichia coli glgA gene product revealed the presence of at least three conserved boxes; there is no homology with previously proposed starch binding domains of other enzymes involved in starch metabolism. We report the use of chimeric constructs with wild-type and amf sequences to localize, via complementation experiments, the region of the amf allele in which the mutation resides. Direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products confirmed that the amf mutation is a deletion of a single AT basepair in the region coding for the transit peptide. Premature termination of translation as a result of this frameshift mutation results in a small peptide. However, a protein reacting with anti-GBSS serum, slightly larger than the wild-type mature GBSS, can be detected in a membrane fraction from amylose-free tubers. A possible explanation for this phenomenon will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282472
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatic hybridization as a tool for tomato breeding (1994)
    Springer
    Euphytica 79 (1994), S. 265-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Somatic hybridization ; Lycopersicon ; Solanum ; Nicotiana ; somatic incongruity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Protoplast fusion can be used to produce somatic hybrids of species that cannot be obtained by sexual hybridization. The possibility to introgress genes from Solanum species into the cultivated tomato species Lycopersicon esculentum, and to obtain novel cytoplasm-nucleus combinations (cybrids) was considered as an important strategy to extend the genetic variation available for tomato breeding. Somatic hybrids between L. esculentum and other Lycopersicon species, as well as between L. esculentum and Solanum or Nicotiana species, have been produced. Specific mutants, genotypes with antibiotic resistances, and metabolic inhibition by iodoacetate or iodoacetamide and irradiation were used for the selection of hybrids. In addition, the improvement of protoplast culture techniques and the use of the favourable tissue culture traits derived from species such as L. peruvianum, which have been introduced into tomato by classical breeding, allowed the efficient recovery of somatic hybrids. However, the occurrence of somatic incongruity in fusion combinations of L. esculentum and Solanum and even more in L. esculentum and Nicotiana, did not allow the production of true cybrids and/or fertile hybrids, indicating the importance of both cytoplasm-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus interactions in somatic incongruity. Another problem with fusions between distantly related species is the strongly reduced fertility of the hybrids and the very limited homoeologous recombination between chromosomes of the parental species. Partial genome transfer from donor to recipient through microprotoplast (+) protoplast fusion, and the production of monosomic or disomic chromosome addition lines, light overcome some of these problems. In symmetric somatic hybrids between L. esculentum and S. tuberosum the occurrence of limited somatic and meiotic recombination was demonstrated. Fertile progeny plants could be obtained, though at a low frequency, when embryo rescue was performed on a large scale after backcrossing hexaploid somatic tomato (+) potato hybrids with a tetraploid potato genotype. The potential value of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and RFLPs for the analysis of the genome/chromosome composition of the hybrids has been demonstrated for intergeneric somatic hybrids between Lycopersicon and Solanum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022527
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