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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of non-active engineered Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 118 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis are known for their insecticidal specificity. This specificity is, to a large extent, determined by the interaction of the proteins with high-affinity binding sites on the epithelial membrane of the midgut of sensitive insects. In particular, domain II of the three domains of the toxic moiety has been implicated in specificity. To determine which sequences of the protein are involved in binding, loops of domain II which terminate in the molecular apex of CryIA(b) were replaced by the corresponding regions of CryIE, a protein with different binding characteristics and insect specificity. In contrast to expression of the wild-type genes, expression of the mutant alleles in Escherichia coli resulted in the formation of biologically inactive, insoluble aggregates. Although these aggregates could be solubilized in vitro using urea, in contrast to the wild-type CryIA(b), the mutant proteins did not correctly refold as is shown by their increased protease sensitivity and lack of biological activity. The results indicate that engineering CryI proteins, based on the CryIIIA structure, is likely to prove difficult, particularly since the conformation of CryIIIA and CryI proteins might differ in domain II.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06814.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recombinant Bacillus thuringiensis Crystal Proteins with New Properties: Possibilities for Resistance Management (1994)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 12 (1994), S. 915-918 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] To obtain Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins with new properties and to identify the regions involved in insecticidal activity, we generated hybrid genes composed of cryIC and cryIE by in vivo recombination. Analysis of the hybrid proteins showed that domain III of CryIC is involved in the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0994-915
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transposon tagging of a male sterility gene in Arabidopsis (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 363 (1993), S. 715-717 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The maize transposable element system consisting of the autonomous Enhancer/Suppressor-mutator (En}3 5 and non-autonomous Inhibitor / defective Suppressor-mutator(I) ele-ments has been used for transposon tagging of a number of genes in maize2 and was shown to transpose when introduced by ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/363715a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trypsin inhibitor activity in mature tobacco and tomato plants is mainly induced locally in response to insect attack, wounding and virus infection (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 195 (1994), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Lycopersicon ; Manduca ; Nicotiana ; Proteinase inhibitor ; Tobacco Mosaic Virus ; Wounding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Wounding of plants by insects is often mimicked in the laboratory by mechanical means such as cutting or crushing, and has not been compared directly with other forms of biotic stress such as virus infection. To compare the response of plants to these types of biotic and abiotic stress, trypsin inhibitor (TI) activity induced locally and systemically in mature tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plants was followed for 12 days. In tobacco, cutting, crushing and insect feeding all induced comparable levels of TI activity of approx. 5 nmol·(mg leaf protein)−1 in wounded leaves, while tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection of tobacco induced 10-fold lower amounts in the infected leaves. In tomato, feeding by insects also led to the induction of a level of TI activity of 5 nmol·(mg leaf protein)−1. In contrast, both cutting and crushing of tomato leaves induced 10-fold higher amounts. These data show that biotic stress, in the form of insect feeding and TMV infection, and abiotic stress, in the form of wounding, have different effects on local levels of induced TI activity in mature tobacco and tomato plants. Irrespective of the type of wounding, in neither tobacco nor tomato could systemic induction of TI activity be observed in nearby unwounded leaves, which suggests that systemic induction of TI activity in mature tobacco and tomato plants is different from systemic TI induction in seedlings. Wounding of tobacco leaves, however, did increase the responsiveness to wounding elsewhere in the plant, as measured by an increased induction of TI activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206288
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proteinase-inhibitor activity and wound-inducible gene expression of the 22-kDa potato-tuber proteins (1991)
    Springer
    Planta 184 (1991), S. 423-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Gene expression (systemic induction) ; Proteinase inhibitor ; Solanum (gene expression) ; Tuber proteins ; Wounding (gene expression)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Using a proteinase-inhibition assay, we have demonstrated that the 22-kilodalton (kDa) potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber proteins are strong inhibitors of serine proteinases. Two out of three purified proteins from the 22-kDa family of potato-tuber proteins were effective inhibitors of both trypsin and chymotrypsin, while the third, with a molecular mass (Mr) of approx. 24 kDa, inhibited only trypsin activity. Comparison of the amino-acid sequence of the putative reactive sites of several proteinase inhibitors with the deduced sequence of the 22-kDa protein showed that the 22-kDa protein contained sequences potentially possessing “doubleheaded” sites of inhibition, one against trypsin and another against chymotrypsin. The genes coding for the 22-kDa proteins were developmentally regulated in tubers and environmentally regulated in leaves. Wound induction of the genes coding for the 22-kDa potatotuber proteins was detected at the RNA level. In leaves, transcripts of the 22-kDa protein family were detected 6 h after wounding and were highest after 12 h in locally wounded leaves. The strongest induction occurred systemically in response to mechanical wounding in non-wounded leaves. Cross-hybridization of a cDNA, p34021, which codes for the 22-kDa tuber protein, with both proteinase-inhibitor I and II cDNAs and with a second family of 20-kDa potato-tuber cDNAs showed no cross-homology. Members of this second group of 20-kDa potato-tuber proteins also exhibited wound-induction in leaves at the RNA level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197888
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction of foreign genes into potato cultivars Bintje and Désirée using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 7 (1988), S. 47-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tuber discs of Solanum tuberosum cv Bintje and Désirée were cocultivated with an Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector, carrying both the neomycine phosphotransferase and the E. coli β-glucuronidase gene fused to resp. the nopaline synthase and Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promotor. Inoculated tuber discs produce transgenic shoots in selective media containing kanamycin. The transgenic plants are phenotypically normal and contain the euploid number of chromosomes. Both the neomycin phosphotransferase as well as the β-glucuronidase gene are expressed conferring resp. kanamycin resistance and β-glucuronidase activity to the plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272976
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and mapping of three flower colour loci of potato (S. tuberosum L.) by RFLP analysis (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 295-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Allelism ; RFLP map ; Anthocyanin markers ; Tester clones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The inheritance of flower colour in diploid potato (2 n = 2x = 24), was found to be controlled by three unlinked loci D, F and P. To determine the allelism with previously described loci and to dissect this oligogenic trait, a set of tester clones with well-defined genotypes was developed. By backcrossing the mapping population with these tester clones it was possible to obtain monogenic segregation ratios. These were required to detect linkage with RFLP loci and, despite distorted Mendelian ratios, the inheritance and mapping of the D, F and P loci could be unambiguously determined. Locus D, involved in the biosynthesis of red anthocyanins, was mapped on chromosome 2, while locus P, involved in the production of blue anthocyanins, was mapped on chromosome 11. Locus F, involved in the flower-specific expression of gene(s) accommodated by the D and P loci, was mapped on chromosome 10. The tester clones and the map position of the D, F and P loci may be of considerable value in simplifying the genetics of anthocyanin pigmentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222091
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological containment of potato (Solanum tuberosum): outcrossing to the related wild species black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) and bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara) (1994)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 7 (1994), S. 29-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Biosafety ; Potato Solanum Interspecific hybrid ; Gene flow ; Embryo rescue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The biological containment of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) was assessed by establishing the crossability of this tuberous crop with the related wild non-tuberous species in The Netherlands, black nightshade (S. nigrum) and bittersweet (S. dulcamara). To circumvent crossability barriers, genotypes with different ploidy number were employed and crosses were performed under different environmental conditions. S. dulcamara was shown to be incongruent with potato at all ploidy levels, while S. nigrum displayed unilateral incompatibility. If S. nigrum was emasculated and used as female, fertilization by potato pollen resulted in berry set and seed development. Emasculation of S. nigrum was essential in this cross, because analysis of the fertilization process demonstrated that this species is highly self-compatible and potato pollen was outcompeted by pollen of S. nigrum. The hybrid seeds derived from this cross did not mature and appeared not to be viable. By application of the technique of embryo rescue of immature embryos, hybrid plants could be obtained. However, these hybrid plants proved to be sterile. These data demonstrate that gene flow by pollen dispersal from potato to its most common wild relatives in Western Europe is highly unlikely. The potato is thus a naturally contained species in this part of the world.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00241885
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occasional loss of expression of phosphinothricin tolerance in sexual offspring of transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 98 (1997), S. 189-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: biosafety ; gene inactivation ; phosphinothricin tolerance gene ; transgenic Brassica napus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The commercial and economic value of genetically modified crops is determined by a predictable, consistent and stable transmission and expression of the transgenes in successive generations. No gene inactivation is expected after selfings or crosses with non-transformed plants of homozygous transgenic oilseed rape plants if the expression of the transgene in homozygous or hemizygous nature in such plants is stable. The segregation ratios of phosphinothricin (PPT) tolerance in successive generations of selfings and mutual crosses of a few independent transgenic PPT-tolerant oilseed rape plants indicated a dominant, monogenic inheritance. In within-variety and between-variety crosses no transgene inactivation was observed. However, after selfings and backcrosses with non-transgenic oilseed rape infrequent loss of the expression of the PPT tolerance transgene was observed independent from its homozygous or hemizygous nature. Molecular analysis of PPT-susceptible plants showed that the loss of expression was due to gene inactivation and not to the absence of the transgene. Methylation and co-suppression are mechanisms that might cause reduced or even loss of expression of the transgene in later generations. The implications of this observation for seed multiplication of varieties and breeding activities with transgenic oilseed rape are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003117200129
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Race specific resistance against Phytophthora infestans in potato is controlled by more genetic factors than only R-genes (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 90 (1996), S. 331-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: potato ; Solanum tuberosum ; Phytophthora infestans ; R-genes ; suppressor ; late blight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary For RFLP mapping of R-genes, determining resistance to specific races of Phytophthora infestans in tetraploid potato, it is necessary to develop well segregating populations at the 2x level. During mapping studies, evidence was obtained that more genetic factor(s) are involved in the expression of R-genes than conventionally believed. Two experiments are described in which such an additional genetic factor was suppressing or enhancing the expression of unknown R nand R ifactors. R nand R iappeared to be present in the investigated plant material, containing R4 and R10, or in one of the susceptible crossing parents. In a third experiment, the expression and the segregation of the well known R1 gene was influenced by an additional genetic factor. In that case there were indications for a dominant suppressor. This was established by the selection of susceptible plants carrying a RFLP allele of probe GP21 closely linked to R1. In three of the four F1 populations, resulting from crosses between such susceptible plants and susceptible tester plants, resistnat progenies were found. The resistance appeared to be R1-specific. This clearly indicates that in three of the four investigated susceptible plants, the R1 gene was still present but not expressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027484
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