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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Powder administration of pure budesonide for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 46 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of a pure powder formulation of budesonide, delivered from a new multi-dose dispenser for nasal drug application, with the commercially available budesonide pressurized aerosol, and with placebo. Of 116 patients with grass pollen-induced allergic rhinitis, 112 finished the study, which comprised a 4-week treatment period, preceded by a 1-week run-in period. The patients were randomized to four parallel treatment groups: budesonide powder 400 Hg daily; budesonide powder 800 μg daily; budesonide aerosol 400 μg daily; and placebo Powder. Treatment was given once daily in the morning. The study was double-blind regarding comparison between budesonide powder and Placebo. Assessment of efficacy, made by comparing mean scores of nasal symptoms and use of rescue medication, showed equal efficacy of all three budesonide groups compared with placebo. There were no differences between budesonide-and placebo-treated groups with regard to side effects. Budesonide treatment had no demonstrable effect on the HPA-axis assessed by measurement of 24-h urine cortisol. We conclude that budesonide, delivered as pure powder from a multi-dose dispenser, is effective and safe for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. This new formulation is a good alternative to the commercially available preparations, as it does not contain carrier gas, preservatives or lubricants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1991.tb00627.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of PC20 histamine with the use of two different nebulizers and measurement of FEV1 and PEF (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 46 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Histamine challenge was performed in 19 patients using two nebulizers (PARI and Wright) and FEV1 and PEF were measured to determine PCOT histamine. FEV1 and PEF gave identical PC20 histamine values. The PARI nebulizer gave PC20 histamine values that were 2.5 doubling concentrations lower than the Wright nebulizer. The reproducibility of histamine challenge with the PARI nebulizer1 was studied in 15 patients and the results suggested that the challenge was reproducible within one doubling concentration of histamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1991.tb00573.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Isoprinosine Treatment of HIV-Positive Patients on Blood Mononuclear Cell Subsets, NK- and T-Cell Function, Tumour Necrosis Factor, and Interleukins 1, 2, and 6 (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 32 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The immunomodulatory drug isoprinosine has been found to delay the occurrence of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected individuals. To elucidate the mechanism of action, eight HIV-positive, healthy patients were treated with isoprinosine, 3 g/day for 28 days; six patients received no treatment but were examined in parallel, and two patients were withdrawn. All patients had blood collected just before the start as well as on days 14 and 28 of isoprinosine treatment.Isoprinosine significantly enhanced the lymphoproliferative response after stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and purified derivative of tuberculin (PPD), while isoprinosine had no effect on the following immune parameters: the expression of surface markers on blood mononuclear cells including CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD25, leu-8, and HLA-DR. Furthermore isoprinosine did not influence the ability of interleukin 2 (IL-2) to stimulate the proliferation of lymphocytes or the natural killer (NK) cell activity either unstimulated or stimulated in vitro with alpha interferon (IFN-α), IL-2. or indomethacin. Neither did isoprinosine affect the in vitro production of (IL-1) α or β, IL-2, IL-6. or tumour necrosis factor (TNF).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb03206.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical exercise modulates the cellular immune system in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 1 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: The recent findings that bicycle exercise training may reduce the number of swollen joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stimulated us to examine the possibility that this was mediated through exercise-induced immunomodulation. The effect of a single bout of physical exercise on blood mononuclear subsets, proliferative responses and natural killer (NK) cell activity was determined. Six patients with moderately active RA for 20 years exercised for 27 min on a bicycle, the work intensity being estimated at 68% of max V̇O2max. Blood samples were collected before and during the last minutes of exercise, as well as 2 h afterwards. During bicycle exercise the proportion of T cells (DC3+ cells) declined, mainly because of a fall in T helper cells (DC4+ cells). The proportion of NK cells (CD16+ cells) increased during work, but reverted afterwards. The monocytes (CD14+ cells) did not change; B cells (CD20+ cells) declined slightly during exercise and reverted later. No change in PHA-, PPD- and Unstimulated BMNC proliferation occurred during exercise. Two hours after exercise, PPD- and IL-2-induced proliferation increased significantly, except for the PHA-stimulated response. The NK cell activity increased only significantly during exercise when the cells were preincubated with indomethacin, and returned to normal 2 h afterwards. This shows that brief, moderate exercise by patients with RA alters the composition of blood mononuclear cell subsets and cell functions. The clinical significance of this immunomodulation remains to be elucidated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1991.tb00291.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular immunity in highly trained elite racing cyclists during periods of training with high and low intensity (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 1 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Cellular immunity was measured under resting conditions in 29 highly trained male racing cyclists during a period of low training intensity (winter), and in 15 untrained people. Fifteen of the cyclists were reexamined during a period of high training intensity (summer) together with 10 of the untrained people. Data on lymphocyte subpopulations, natural killer cell activity and lymphocyte proliferative responses were obtained. Changes in any of these immune parameters from low to high training seasons did not differ significantly between the trained and untrained people. The natural killer cell activity was significantly higher in the cyclists, both during the period of low training intensity (39.2±11.6%vs 30.9±6.4%) and during the period of high training intensity (55.2±18.4% vs 33.6±20.3%). Leucocyte, lymphocyte and neutrophil concentrations did not differ between the two groups. The blood mononuclear cell (BMNC) subsets, including CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD16+ cells, and the BMNC proliferative responses following stimulation with either interleukin 2, purified derivative of tuberculin or phytohaemagghitinin did not differ significantly between the groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1991.tb00290.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced Release of Intact and Cleaved Urokinase Receptor in Stimulated Whole-Blood Cultures from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Patients (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 61 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The blood levels of the soluble forms of the urokinase receptor (suPAR) are increased in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients. This study investigated whether the release of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in whole-blood cultures was affected by HIV infection. The release of different uPAR forms in whole-blood cultures incubated 24 h with or without phytohemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide was analysed in 47 HIV patients and 19 controls. suPAR was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (bulk-suPAR) and three different time-resolved fluorescence immunoassays measuring three-domain suPAR [suPAR(I–III)], three- and two-domain suPAR [suPAR(I–III) + suPAR(II–III)] and one-domain suPAR [suPAR(I)]. The uPAR release was correlated to leucocyte subpopulations and plasma levels of suPAR. The stimulated net whole-blood culture release of bulk-uPAR, uPAR(I–III), uPAR(II–III) and uPAR(I) was reduced in HIV patients (all P 〈 0.01), whereas the spontaneous bulk-uPAR and uPAR(I–III) release was increased in HIV patients (both P 〈 0.05). The stimulated uPAR release in whole-blood cultures correlated well to leucocytes and circulating suPAR levels in controls, whereas the correlation was weaker to leucocytes and nonexisting to circulating suPAR levels in HIV patients. These findings demonstrate that HIV infection affects stimulated and spontaneous uPAR release in whole-blood cultures. Given that high blood levels of suPAR in HIV patients are linked to immune activation, the perturbations in uPAR release in whole-blood cultures from HIV patients may also reflect immune activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01582.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin-6 Infusion During Human Endotoxaemia Inhibits In Vitro Release of the Urokinase Receptor from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 61 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Leucocyte expression of the urokinase receptor [urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)] is regulated by inflammatory mediators. This study investigated the in vivo effect of endotoxin, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α on uPAR-release in vivo and in vitro in humans. Healthy subjects received intravenous endotoxin injection [high-dose, 2 ng/kg (n = 8) and low-dose, 0.06 ng/kg (n = 7)], coadministration of 0.06 ng/kg endotoxin and 3 h recombinant human (rh)IL-6 infusion (n = 7) or 3 h infusion of rhIL-6 (n = 6), rhTNF-α (n = 6) or NaCl (n = 5). Soluble uPAR (suPAR) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in plasma and supernatants from unstimulated and phytohaemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures incubated for 24 h. The spontaneous and stimulated uPAR-release from PBMC cultures was enhanced 5 h after low-dose endotoxin (both P 〈 0.05), but coadministration of rhIL-6 during low-dose endotoxaemia abolished this enhanced uPAR release. High-dose endotoxin increased plasma suPAR levels (P 〈 0.001) whereas low-dose endotoxin, rhIL-6 or TNF-α did not influence uPAR release in vivo to such degree that a systemic effect on the plasma suPAR level was detectable. Even subclinical doses of endotoxin in vivo enhance the capacity of PBMC to release uPAR after incubation in vitro. The inhibitory effect of IL-6 on endotoxin-mediated uPAR-release in vitro suggests that IL-6 has anti-inflammatory effects on endotoxin-mediated inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2005.01547.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skeletal muscle adaptation: training twice every second day versus training once daily (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 15 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Low muscle glycogen content has been demonstrated to enhance transcription of a number of genes involved in training adaptation. These results made us speculate that training at a low muscle glycogen content would enhance training adaptation. We therefore performed a study in which seven healthy untrained males performed one-knee legged exercise training at a low glycogen (Low) protocol, whereas the other leg was trained at a high glycogen (High) protocol. Both legs were trained equally regarding workload and training amount. Day one: Both legs (Low+High) were trained for 1 h followed by 2 h of rest at a fasting state, where after one leg (Low) was trained for one more hour. Day 2: Only one leg (High) trained for 1 h. Days 1 and 2 were repeated for 10 weeks. As an effect of training, the increase in maximal workload was identical for the two legs. However, time till exhaustion at 90% was markedly more increased in the Low leg compared with the High leg. Resting muscle glycogen and the activity of the mitochondrial enzyme hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) increased with training, but only significantly so in LOW, whereas citrate synthase (CS) activity increased in both low and high. There was a more pronounced increase in CS activity when Low was compared with High. In conclusion, the present study suggests that training twice every second day may be superior to daily training.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00443_2x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nasal inhalation of the glucocorticoid budesonide from a spacer for the treatment of patients with pollen rhinitis and asthma (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 45 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Glucorticoid sprays are increasingly used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma. This therapy is highly effective, and side effects are few and mild. It was the aim of the present study to evaluate a physiological nasal inhalation technique, which results in airway deposition of the steroid molecule similar to that of inhaled allergen particles. Thirty adults with grass pollen-induced rhinitis and asthma inhaled the steroid molectile budesonide through the nose from a pressurized aerosol attached to a spacer device. Compared with inhalation of placebo, the treatment resulted in a significant reduction of nasal symptoms (P=0.005), of bronchial symptoms (P=0.005), bat not of eye symptoms. In addition, nasal peak inspiratory flow (P=0.0003) and oral peak expiratory flow (P=0.02) increased. There was no difference between budesonide and placebo with regard to local side effects, such as nose bleeding, hoarseness, and irritation in mouth and throat. It is concluded that nasal inhalation of a steroid from a spacer offers effective therapy of pollen rhinitis and asthma without significant local side effects. This therapeutic modality may have advantages over the ordinarily used nasal and bronchial spray treatment in patients with both rhinitis and asthma, especially when conventionel spray therapy is associated with local side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb01096.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prevalence of allergy in Danish farmers (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 45 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sensitization to work-related and other common inhalation allergens was studied in 187 farmers by means of SPT and RAST. A positive RAST to house dust mites occurred in 6.4% and to storage mites in 5.3% of farmers. Sensitization to grain, pollen and animal dander was less frequent and a positive RAST to moulds was not found. There was a very strong association between a positive RAST to house dust mites and storage mites (odds ratio 173.6). Smoking seemed to be a risk factor for sensitization to mites, pollen, grain, and animal dander. Smokers who had lived in damp dwellings had a significantly increased risk of sensitization to mites (odds ratio 6.2–12.6), whereas this was not so with non-smokers (odds ratio 0.9–2.0).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb00510.x
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