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The Importance of the Phagocytes' Innate Response in Resolution of the Infection Induced by a Low Virulent Candida albicans Mutant (2005)

Molero, G. ; Guillén, M. V. ; Martínez-Solano, L. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd

Scandinavian journal of immunology 62 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3083

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: We have reported that a Candida albicans mkc1Δ/mkc1Δ mutant, deleted in the Mkc1p mitogen-activated protein kinase, an essential element of the cell integrity signalling pathway, has reduced virulence in a murine model of systemic infection. We analyse here the immunological basis for this feature in view of its failure to vaccinate. Firstly, the influence of the Th response was analysed by infecting different knockout mice, revealing the importance of interferon-γ in the resolution of mkc1 systemic infection. Secondly, the role of innate immunity was studied. The infection of neutropenic mice revealed that the candidacidal activity of neutrophils is crucial during the first 3 days of infection for the mutant strain. Macrophages played a critical role in the clearance of infection. Although a similar anti-Candida activity was found for both fungal strains with naïve macrophages, activated macrophages discriminated between both strains. In vitro experiments revealed that the mutant strain displayed a greater susceptibility to nitric oxide (NO), a reduced inhibitory effect on macrophage NO production and an increased capacity of macrophage stimulation by cell wall extracts. The importance of NO in systemic infection with the mutant strain was confirmed by the strong increase in the susceptibility of aminoguanidine (an iNOs inhibitor)-treated mice.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01657.x

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Foamed β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds (2007)

Montufar, Edgar Benjamin ; Gil, C. ; Traykova, Tania ; [et al.]

s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland

Key engineering materials Vol. 361-363 (Nov. 2007), p. 323-326

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ISSN: 1013-9826

Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: The design and processing of 3D macroporous bioactive scaffolds is one of themilestones for the progress of bone tissue engineering and bone regeneration. Calcium phosphatebased ceramics are among the most suitable materials, due to their similarity to the bone mineral.Specifically, beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is known to be a resorbable and bioactive material, withwell established applications as bone regeneration material. The aim of this work is to explore a newroute to obtain β-TCP macroporous scaffolds starting from calcium phosphate cements. To this endfoamed calcium phosphate cement, composed of alpha tricalcium phosphate as starting powder wasused as initial material. The set foamed structures, made of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite(CDHA) were sintered to obtain the final β-TCP macroporous architecture. The interconnectedmacroporosity was maintained, whereas the porosity in the nanometric range was strongly reducedby the sintering process. The sintering produced also an increase in the mechanical properties of thescaffold