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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 60 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: To expand on the nature of regional cerebral vulnerability to ischemia, the release of dopamine (DA) and dopaminergic (D1 and D2) receptors were investigated in Mongolian gerbils subjected to bilateral carotid artery occlusion (15 min) alone or with reflow (1–2 h). Extracellular cortical and striatal content of DA and its metabolites was measured by microdialysis using HPLC with electrochemical detection. The kinetic properties of D1 and/or D2 receptor binding sites were determined in cortical and striatal membranes with the use of radiolabeled ligands (125I-SCH23982 and [3H]YM-09151-2, respectively). The ischemic release of DA from the striatum was greater (400-fold over preischemic level) than that from the cortex (12-fold over preischemic content). The affinity for the D1-receptor ligand was lower (KD= 1.248 ± 0.047 nM) after ischemia than that for sham controls (KD= 0.928 ± 0.032 nM, p 〈 0.001). The number of binding sites for D2 receptors decreased in striatum (Bmax= 428 ± 18.4 fmol/mg of protein) after ischemia compared with sham controls (Bmax= 510 ± 25.2 fmol/mg of protein, p 〈 0.05). D1 or D2 binding sites were not changed either in the ischemic cortex or postischemic striatum and cortex. The findings strongly suggest that the ischemic release of DA from striatum is associated with early transient changes in D1- and D2-mediated DA neurotransmission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 19 (2000), S. 459-463 
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Mesembryanthemum crystallinum ; Aizoaceae ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Halophyte ; Facultative CAM plant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  An efficient plant regeneration procedure has been established from hypocotyl explants of the common ice plant, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L, a halophytic leaf succulent that exhibits a stress-induced switch from C3 photosynthesis to crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Somatic embryos were initiated and developed up to globular and heart stages in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.6% bacto-agar, 80 mM NaCl, 5 μM 2,4-D and 1 μM kinetin. High frequency regeneration occurred when somatic embryos were germinated on media that lacked 2,4-D. High cytokinin treatment suppressed normal growth of embryos and favored abnormal embryo proliferation. Without growth regulators, regenerated plants rooted on MS medium with 100% efficiency. Mature, regenerated plants were fertile and morphologically identical to seed-derived plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0044-281X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Stickoxid – Endothelin – Gehirn – Ischämie –Ödem ; Key words Nitric oxide – endothelin-1 – ischemia – brain – edema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary These studies were performed in an attempt to clarify some of the pathophysiologic mechanisms which occur during and after global ischemia. Both nitric oxide and endothelin were demonstrated in gerbils to participate in responses to ischemia. It was shown that endogenous nitric oxide influences early postischemic reperfusion, systemic blood pressure and postischemic dopamine metabolism. Furthermore, the results indicated that nitric oxide played a role in dopamine release and that preischemic intracerebral nitric oxide formation significantly decreased ischemic dopamine release. In addition, ischemic release of endothelin-1 was detected; participation of nitric oxide in this release was observed. Further indication of functional interactions between nitric oxide and endothelin-1 in postischemic reperfusion were indicated by observations that endothelin-1 antagonists inhibited early hypoperfusion caused by Nitro-L-arginin and late hypoperfusion caused by endogenous endothelin-1. Nitric oxide was shown to decrease edema formation during the early postischemic period but contribute to edema formation during the late postischemic period. The findings indicate the importance of nitric oxide in stroke and ischemia.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Diese Untersuchungen sollten zur Klärung verschiedener pathophysiologischer Mechanismen während und nach Ischämie beitragen und demonstrierten im Tiermodell (Gerbil) eine Beteiligung von sowohl Stickoxid als auch Endothelin beim ischämischen Geschehen. Es wurde nachgewiesen, daß endogenes Stickoxid die Phase der frühen postischämischen Reperfusion, den systemischen Blutdruck und den postischämischen Dopaminstoffwechsel beeinflußt, auch bei der Dopaminfreisetzung eine Rolle spielt, und eine intrazerebrale präischämische Stickoxidbildung die ischämische Dopaminfreisetzung stark vermindert. Zusätzlich konnte eine ischämische Endothelinfreisetzung sowie eine Einflußnahme von Stickoxid nachgewiesen werden. Als weiterer Hinweis auf eine funktionelle Interaktion zwischen Stickoxid und Endothelin bei der postischämischen Reperfusion konnte demonstriert werden, daß Endothelinantagonisten sowohl die frühe, durch Nitro-L-Arginin, wie auch die späte, durch endogenes Endothelin verursachte, postischämische Hypoperfusion verhindern. Beim postischämischen Gehirnödem vermindert Stickoxid anfänglich die Ödembildung, trägt jedoch in weiterer Folge zur Entwicklung des Gehirnödems bei. Die beschriebenen Untersuchungen weisen auf die Bedeutung von Stickoxid bei Schlaganfall und Ischämie hin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Endothelin-1 ; capillaries ; vasoconstrictor peptide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Modulation of immunoreactive endothelin-1 (IR-ET-1) production by vasoactive substances was investigated in cultured endothelial cells (EC) derived from capillaries and microvessels of human brain. Peptides, catecholamines, thrombin, protein kinase C-activating phorbol ester, and calcium ionophore enhanced the secretion of IR-ET-1. The known vasoconstrictive peptides, angiotensin II (Ang II) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) dose-dependently stimulated the endothelial secretion of IR-ET-1. The angiotensin and vasopressin-inducible production of IR-ET-1 was completely inhibited by their respective receptor antagonists [Sar1, Ala8]-angiotensin II and [1–6 (β-mercapto-β,β-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid), 2-O-methyl-tyrosine]. The results indicate that the peptide-stimulated secretion of IR-ET-1 is receptor-mediated in EC which have specific angiotensin II and arginine-vasopressin receptors. These findings represent the first demonstration of IR-ET-1 production by capillary and microvascular endothelium of human brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 23 (1998), S. 1125-1132 
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Human brain capillary endothelium ; endothelin-1 ; K+ efflux ; K+ uptake ; Ca2+ uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This report describes K+ efflux, K+ and Ca2+ uptake responses to endothelins (ET-1 and ET-3) in cultured endothelium derived from capillaries of human brain (HBEC). ET-1 dose dependently increased K+ efflux, K+ and Ca2+ uptake in these cells. ET-1 stimulated K+ efflux occurred prior to that of K+ uptake. ET-3 was ineffective. The main contributor to the ET-1 induced K+ uptake was ouabain but not bumetanide-sensitive (Na+-K+-ATPase and Na+-K+-Cl− cotransport activity, respectively). All tested paradigms of ET-1 effects in HBEC were inhibited by selective antagonist of ETA but not ETB receptors and inhibitors of phospholipase C and receptor-operated Ca2+ channels. Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) decreased whereas inhibition of PKC increased the ET-1 stimulated K+ efflux, K+ and Ca2+ uptake in HBEC. The results indicate that ET-1 affects the HBEC ionic transport systems through activation of ETA receptors linked to PLC and modulated by intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and PKC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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