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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tunnel switch diode based on AlSb/GaSb heterojunctions (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 6948-6950 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on tunnel switch diodes based on AlSb barriers and GaSb p–n junctions grown by molecular beam epitaxy. These were the devices with thyristor like switching in the GaSb/AlSb system. The characteristic "S" shaped current–voltage curve was found to occur for structures with AlSb barriers less than 300 Å thick. The switching voltage and current density exhibited less sensitivity to barrier and epilayer thickness than was predicted by the punch-through model. The results were correlated with drift diffusion simulations which have been modified to account for the presence of a tunneling contact. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1317236
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experiments on a 14.5 GHz electron cyclotron resonance source : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 643-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The 14.5 GHz ECR4 source supplied to CERN in the framework of the heavy ion facility collaboration provided Pb27+ operational beams to a new heavy ion linac in 1994. This source, which operates in the pulsed "afterglow" mode, has surpassed its design specification of 80 eμA and now provides currents 〉120 eμA on an operational basis for this charge state. Early tests showed the existence of extremely stable modes of operation which are fully exploited, and in 1996 the source was operational on a 24 h basis for more than 2400 h. Future operational requirements will benefit from the 10 Hz repetition rate of the source, but will require beam pulse length modulation. In the search for higher intensities a number of experiments were performed on gas composition, rf power matching, extraction, plasma chamber liner, and a biased dynode. The results of these tests will be presented. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148535
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of a biased probe on the afterglow operation of an ECR4 ion source : The 8th international conference on ion sources (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 863-865 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Various experiments have been performed on a 14.5 GHz ECR4 in order to improve the ion yield. The source runs in pulsed afterglow mode, and provides currents ∼120 eμA of Pb27+ to the CERN Heavy Ion Facility on an operational basis. In the search for higher beam intensities, the effects of a pulsed biased disk on axis at the injection side were investigated with different pulse timing and voltage settings. No proof for absolute higher intensities was seen for any of these modifications. However, the yield from a poorly tuned/low-performing source could be improved and the extracted pulse was less noisy with bias voltage applied. The fast response on the bias implies that increases/decreases are not due to ionization processes. A good tune for high yield of high charge states during the afterglow coincides with a high plasma potential. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150314
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of molecular techniques to study microbial diversity in the skin: Chronic wounds reevaluated (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd.
    Wound repair and regeneration 9 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The skin is colonized by an array of microorganisms which form its natural microflora. Disruption to the normal barrier function of the skin (due to trauma or disease) may result in invasion of the dermis by opportunistic bacteria. To date, these organisms, which may contribute to the chronicity of skin wounds, have been analyzed solely by culture methods. It is increasingly realized that standard culture methods of analysis do not accurately reflect the full diversity of complex microflora. This review discusses the limitations of traditional culture approaches and reviews recent advances in molecular microbiological techniques which facilitate a more comprehensive characterization of the microflora within clinical samples. The currently available technologies and techniques are described, as is their use in clinical practice and their potential for diagnostic screening. Chronic venous ulceration of the lower limbs is an important skin disorder in which the microflora invading the dermal tissues contribute to the observed delayed healing. Using chronic leg ulcers as a working example, we show how strict culture and molecular microbiological techniques may be employed, for the first time in combination, to definitively characterize the invading microbial community of the dermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-475x.2001.00332.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Randomized clinical trial of the effect of semi-occlusive dressings on the microflora and clinical outcome of acute facial wounds (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Wound repair and regeneration 8 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study investigated whether treatment with occlusive, hydroactive polyurethane dressings affects the microflora and clinical outcome of acute wounds. A randomized, controlled trial was performed on 60 patients with acute facial lacerations. Following primary closure, patients were provided with either a dry-gauze dressing or a hydroactive polyurethane dressing (Cutinova® Thin). The wounds were assessed clinically and microbiologically prior to closure, then after 5, 28 and 56 days. The dressing, which was removed at day 5, was also sent for microbiological culture. Wounds treated with the polyurethane dressing showed improved comfort and contour (p 〈 0.04), less erythema (p 〈 0.03) and less potential for scarring (p 〈 0.01) at day 5. At day 28 and day 56, there were no significant differences in the clinical assessment between the test and control groups (p 〉 0.05). A total of 518 isolates were recovered from the patients during the study. Mean number of isolates and bacterial growth density were calculated in both groups. A similar range of microorganisms were obtained from both treatment groups with no clear difference in organism colonization. This study shows the potential usefulness of facial wounds as a human model for studying acute wound healing responses and anti-scarring therapy. While short-term, clinical benefits of occlusive dressings were evident in the management of acute wounds, these data clearly show that all studies of scarring following acute wounding should extend over at least 3 months post-injury to allow for spontaneous improvement to occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-475x.2000.00258.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new model for the diffusion of arsenic in polycrystalline silicon (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 167-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experimental data are presented for the diffusion of arsenic in polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) during a 15-min anneal at 900 °C. A new model is used to describe the data, which takes account of the different dopant diffusion rates in grains and in grain boundaries. The model is divided into early and late stages and, in particular, the early stage model identifies grain growth as the major mechanism by which arsenic transfers from the grains to the grain boundaries. In the late stage model, grain growth can be ignored and analytic solutions for the arsenic concentration are derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341450
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recombination Between Repeated Genes in Microorganisms (1988)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Genetics 22 (1988), S. 147-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4197
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ge.22.120188.001051
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulsed ECR source in afterglow operation at CERN : Proceedings of the 6th international conference on ion sources (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 1328-1330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A pulsed 14 GHz ECR4 source, adapted to operate in the afterglow mode, was delivered by GANIL to CERN in the framework of the Heavy Ion Facility Project. After four months of operation to commission the facility, it completed its first operational run of nine weeks at the end of 1994, providing lead ions to nuclear physics and ion cooling experiments. A very stable beam, with a useful length of over 1 ms, of 80 eμA of Pb27+ was provided by the source over this period. The operational problems experienced during the commissioning and operation, and the investigations to improve performance for the next experimental physics run are presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146709
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multicharged ion sources for pulsed accelerators (invited) : Proceedings of the 6th international conference on ion sources (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 945-949 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The relatively low duty cycle of pulsed accelerators can give rise to problems in matching the characteristics of multicharged ion sources to the beam intensity required by the user. Heavy ion physics interests, especially in the heavy ion colliders, demand more and more intensity while the accelerator designers require higher charge states to ease their machine problems. Various options for ion sources for present and future heavy ion accelerators are presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146779
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning apertureless microscopy below the diffraction limit: Comparisons between theory and experiment (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 4022-4024 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The exact nature of the signal in scanning apertureless microscopy techniques is the subject of much debate. We have sought to resolve this controversy by carrying out simulations and experiments on the same structures. Simulations of a model of tip–sample coupling are shown to exhibit features that are in agreement with experimental observations at dimensions below the diffraction limit. The simulation of the optical imaging process is carried out using atomic force microscope data as a topographical template and a tip–sample dipole coupling model as the source of optical signal. The simulations show a number of key fingerprints including a dependence on the polarization of the external laser source, the size of the tip, and index of refraction of the sample being imaged. The experimental results are found to be in agreement with many of the features of the simulations. We conclude that the results of the dipole coupling theory agree qualitatively with experimental data and that apertureless microscopy measures optical properties, not just topography. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125525
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