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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 6 (1967), S. 3136-3143 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 7 (1968), S. 2228-2232 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 1478-1480 
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) is a basic intracellular protein which facilitates the in vitro intermembrane transfer of cholesterol, phospholipids and glycolipids. SCP2 was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity and crystallized. Single crystals were obtained by hanging-drop vapour diffusion using ammonium sulfate as precipitant. These crystals belong to space group P41212 or its enantiomorph, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 57.5, c = 86.5 Å, and have one molecule in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. Intensity data to 1.8 Å resolution were collected from native SCP2 crystals using synchrotron radiation, were processed and scaled with an Rlinear = 4.9%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A fragment of chicken tenascin consisting of fibronectin type-III domains 5 and 6 has been expressed in Escherichia coli. After modifying a previously reported purification protocol, an electrophoretically homogeneous recombinant protein was obtained from which various crystal forms could be grown under identical conditions. Only one form was suitable for structure determination. These crystals belong to space group P21, with unit-cell parameters a = 45.2, b = 57.9, c = 72.2 Å, β = 91.4°, and diffract to at least 2.6 Å resolution using synchrotron radiation. From density measurements of the crystals, it was found that there are two molecules in the asymmetric unit. Diffraction data of native, two platinum-derivative and one palladium-derivative crystals were collected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Chagas-Krankheit ; Parasitäre Infektion ; Romaña-Zeichen ; Retinales Pigmentepithel ; Key words Chagas' disease ; Parasitic infection ; Romaña's sign ; Retinal pigment epithelium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Background: In Central and South America, Chagas' disease is of great epidemiologic importance. The epidemiologic agent is represented by Trypanosoma cruzi, a monocellular parasite, instrumental in human infection is the presence of vectors, which are various species of hematophagous bugs. The eye is one of the most important entrance sites of the parasite, and relatively little information about the relationship between Chagas' disease and eye complications is available. Patients and methods: We examined 79 chagasic patients in order to detect changes in the retina. As a control group, we examined 48 patients with negative serology within the same age range and from the same regions. For every patient we completed a routine ophthalmologic examination, with inspection of the retina using direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Results: In most of the chagasic patients, the ocular fundus was unobtrusive; in only 6 out of 79 cases (7.6%) we did observe small parafoveolar retinal pigment epithelium defects and in 1 case (1.3%) distinct pigment epithelium atrophy of the posterior pole. No comparable findings were observed in the control group. Conclusion: Compared with the examination results of the control group, in the patients with intermediate and chronic Chagas' disease we observed an accumulation of retinal pigment epithelium defects, which, however, did not cause a significant loss of vision.
    Notes: Fragestellung: Welche Netzhautveränderungen können bei der in Südamerika endemischen, durch Trypanosoma cruzi hervorgerufenen Chagas-Krankheit beobachtet werden? Patienten und Methode: In der vorliegenden Studie wurden 79 infizierte Patienten ophthalmologisch untersucht, um Informationen über mögliche Netzhautveränderungen zu bekommen. Bei jedem Patienten wurden die Netzhaut mit direkter und indirekter Ophthalmoskopie untersucht sowie, bei vorliegenden Augenhintergrundsveränderungen, eine fluoreszenzangiographische Untersuchung durchgeführt. Mit derselben Methode wurde eine Kontrollgruppe von 48 nichtinfizierten Patienten untersucht. Ergebnisse: Bei 6 der 79 Patienten (7,6%) fanden wir kleine parafoveolare Defekte des retinalen Pigmentepithels sowie in 1 Fall (1,3%) eine ausgeprägte Pigmentepithelatrophie des hinteren Augenpols. Die Kontrollgruppe lieferte keine vergleichbaren Befunde. Schlußfolgerung: Erstmals wurde in dieser Studie eine größere Gruppe von Chagas-Patienten ophthalmologisch untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß man auch intraokulare Veränderungen erwarten kann, die bei den hier untersuchten Patienten allerdings keine signifikanten Visuseinschränkungen verursachten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Ophthalmologe 97 (2000), S. 703-707 
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kontamination ; Endophthalmitis ; Phakoemulsifikation ; Vitrektomie ; Hygiene ; Keywords Contamination ; Endophthalmitis ; Hygiene ; Vitrectomy ; Phacoemulsification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background. Contamination of automated surgical equipment is widely disregarded as a potential source of perioperative infection. We investigated the possibility of contamination of the aspiration fluid by the vacuum control manifold (VCM). The normal, unsterile internal VCM was compared with a modified external VCM that was regularly disinfected. Materials and methods. We investigated 37 aspiration fluid specimens from routine cataract and vitrectomy operations performed with automated evacuation systems. There were 25 specimens from three automated evacuation systems equipped with an internal VCM (experimental groups) and 12 specimens from one system equipped with a modified external VCM (control group). No hygiene procedures were used with the hidden internal VCM, but the modified external VCM was regularly rinsed and filled with 70% isopropanol overnight. Specimens were collected under sterile conditions, centrifuged, cultured for bacterial growth on blood agar and MacConkey agar for 24–48 h at 37°C, and analyzed microbiologically. Results. Aspiration fluids of irrigation/aspiration systems used for intraocular surgery were found to be severely contaminated with bacteria originating from the VCM. In all aspiration fluid specimens from internal VCM systems, 2+–4+ bacterial growth was found. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (17), Comamonas acidovorans (8), and Agrobacterium radiobacter (13) were found most frequently. All specimens from the modified external VCM system remained sterile. There was a significant difference with regard to the frequency of contamination of the aspiration fluid between experimental and control groups (P=0.0001, χ2). Conclusions. We found that the aspiration fluid of common phaco- and vitrectomy systems was strongly contaminated by bacteria originating from the internal VCM. The technical modification of an external VCM allows easy disinfection and prevents contamination of the aspiration fluid.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund. Die Möglichkeit einer internen mikrobiellen Kontamination von Phakoemulsifikations- und Vitrektomiegeräten ist weithin nicht bekannt. Wir identifizierten das unsterile interne Druckregulierungssystem (DRS) als Ausgangspunkt einer massiven bakteriellen Kontamination der Spülflüssigkeit. Durch Gerätemodifikation mit Einführung einer Desinfektion des DRS wurde die Kontamination der Spülflüssigkeit eliminiert. Material und Methode. Es wurden prospektiv 37 Spülflüssigkeitsproben von Kataraktoperationen und Vitrektomien untersucht. 25 Proben stammten von Geräten mit internem DRS, 12 Proben von einem Gerät mit einem modifizierten externen DRS, das regelmäßig desinfiziert wurde. Bei 2 Geräten mit internem DRS wurden zusätzlich Proben direkt von den kontaminierten Schläuchen im Geräteinneren entnommen. Alle Proben wurden unter sterilen Bedingungen gewonnen, zentrifugiert und auf Blut- und MacConkey-Agar beimpft. Ergebnisse. In allen Proben von Geräten mit internem DRS, war 2+- bis 4+-Bakterienwachstum feststellbar. Am Häufigsten wurden in der Spülflüssigkeit Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (17-mal), Agrobacterium radiobacter (13-mal) und Comamonas acidovorans (8-mal) nachgewiesen. Alle Proben von dem Gerät mit dem desinfizierbaren externen DRS waren steril. Der Unterschied der Kontamination der Spülflüssigkeit in beiden Gruppen war hoch signifikant (χ2-Test; p=0,0001). In den Schläuchen der untersuchten beiden internen DRS wurden mit den Spülflüssigkeitsproben übereinstimmende Bakterien und zusätzlich Pilze isoliert. Schlussfolgerungen. Das unsterile interne DRS stellt eine Kontaminationsquelle für die Spülflüssigkeit dar. Obwohl es sich um eine Kontamination der ablaufenden Spülflüssigkeit distal des Operationssitus handelt, kann ein Infektionsrisiko für das operierte Auge nicht ausgeschlossen werden. Durch die Desinfektion des DRS kann die bakterielle Kontamination der Spülflüssigkeit eliminiert werden. Mikrobiologische Untersuchungen der Spülflüssigkeit können bei Geräten mit internem unsterilem DRS durch Keimausschwemmung stark verfälscht werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Demodex folliculorum ; Chronische Blepharitis ; 2%ige Quecksilbersalbe ; Lindan (Jacutin®) ; Key words Demodex folliculorum ; Chronic blepharitis ; Mercury ointment ; 2% ; Lindan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Demodex folliculorum has been demonstrated with an elevated frequency in patients with blepharitis, and is thought to cause therapy-resistant blepharitis. This paper presents the germ spectrum of patients with blepharitis and demodex and discusses the efficiency of a specific therapy. Methods. In all, 3152 cilia from 139 patients with blepharitis (38% blepharitis, 44% blepharoconjunctivitis, others) and 108 persons with quiet eyes were examined for demodex. Smears n = 125, from the conjunctive of symptomatic patients were investigated for bacteria, 3 weeks of therapy with mercury ointment, 2%: Lindan, cortisone (prednisolone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, fluorometholone) or antibiotics after antibiogram (gentamicin, kanamicin, neomicin, erythromicin, ofloxacin, polymyxin-B, colistin) followed in all Demodex-positive blepharitis patients (n = 41). Results. Demodex was found in 52% (62/139) of patients with chronic blepharitis, as against 20% (3/15) of those with acute blepharitis (statistically significant difference, χ 2-test, α = 2.5%) and in 29% of quiet eyes (statistically significantly less, α = 2.5%, χ 2-test). Gram-positive cocci were isolated from 79% of 57 Demodex-positive patients with blepharitis and 72% of 68 Demodex-negative patients anaerobes in 39% and 37%, gram-negative rods in 11% and 3% (statistically significant difference for gram-negative rods, α = 5%, χ 2-test). Of the patients with Demodex, 25% apparently had no more parasites after mercury ointment, 2% (n = 8) and lindan (n = 5) and 15% after cortisone and antibiotics (n = 13). (The best and statistically very significant results (α = 1%) were those obtained with mercury ointment, 2%, and lindan: t-test for connected spot checks). Conclusions. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria grew more often in patients with Demodex. Demodex seems to be a mediator of chronic blepharitis; we recommend that mites be sought in cilia of chronic blepharitis patients. Mercury ointment, 2% and lindan proved efficient for specific therapy, the main problem being the laborious application and toxicity.
    Notes: Demodex folliculorum wurde vermehrt bei Blepharitispatienten nachgewiesen und als Vermittler therapieresistenter Blepharitiden postuliert. Diese Studie zeigt das Erregerspektrum von Blepharitispatienten mit positivem Demodexnachweis sowie die Effizienz einer spezifischen Therapie. Methode: 3152 Wimpern von 139 Blepharitispatienten (38% Blepharitis, 44% Blepharokonjunktivitis, 18% sonstige) und 108 Normalprobanden wurden auf Demodex untersucht, 125 Bindehautabstriche wurden vorgenommen. 41 Demodex-positiven Blepharitispatienten applizierten wir 3 Wochen 2%ige Quecksilbersalbe, Lindan (Jacutin®), Kortison (Prednisolon, Dexamethason, Hydrokortison, Fluorometholon) und Antibiotika nach dem Antibiogramm (Gentamycin, Kanamycin, Neomycin, Erythromycin, Ofloxacin, Polymyxin-B, Colistin). Ergebnisse: Demodex wurde in 52% der Fälle (62 von 139) bei chronischer Blepharitis und in 20% der Fälle (3 von 15) bei akuter Blepharitis nachgewiesen (statistisch signifikanter Unterschied im χ 2-Test, α = 2,5%), im Normalkollektiv bei 29% der Probanden (31 von 108) (statistisch signifikant weniger, α = 2,5%, χ 2-Test). Isoliert wurden grampositive Kokken bei 79% der 57 Demodex-positiven Blepharitispatienten und 72% der 68 Demodex-negativen, Anaerobier bei 39 vs. 37% und gramnegative Stäbchen bei 11 vs. 3% (statistisch signifikanter Unterschied bei gramnegativen Stäbchen für α = 5%, χ 2-Test). 2%ige Quecksilbersalbe, (n = 8) und Lindan (Jacutin®) (n = 5) führten in je 25% der Fälle zu negativem Parasitennachweis, Kortison und Antibiotika (n = 13) in 15% der Fälle [beste und statistisch sehr signifikante Ergebnisse (α = 1%) für Hg-Salbe und Lindan, t-Test für verbundene Stichproben]. Schlußfolgerung: Vermehrt isolierbar waren bei Demodex-positiven Patienten grampositive und gramnegative Bakterien. Demodex scheint Vermittler einer chronischen Blepharitis zu sein, wir empfehlen daher die Untersuchung von Wimpern auf Demodex bei chronischer Blepharitis. 2%ige Quecksilbersalbe und Lindan (Jacutin®) zeigten sich therapeutisch effizient, erschwerend ist ihre mühsame Anwendung und Toxizität.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Key words Chagas disease •Trypanosoma cruzi• Romaña's sign • Retinal pigment epithelium ; Schlüsselwörter Chagas-Krankheit •Trypanosoma cruzi• Romaña-Zeichen • Retinales Pigmentepithel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Fragestellung: Die im Vorjahr präsentierte Pilotstudie, die erstmals eine größere Gruppe von Patienten mit Chagas-Krankheit augenärztlich untersuchte, zeigte, daß bei dieser Parasitose auch Veränderungen am Augenhintergrund in Gestalt von Defekten des retinalen Pigmentepithels zu erwarten sind. Die Fortsetzung dieser Studie soll nun durch ein vergrößertes Patientenkollektiv weitere Hinweise auf die Art und das Ausmaß der Fundusveränderungen geben. Material und Methode: Nach serologischer Bestätigung der Infektion schloß sich eine komplette ophthalmologische Untersuchung mit Beurteilung der vorderen und hinteren Augenabschnitte an. Ergebnisse: Bei den 23 neu untersuchten Patienten war der Fundus in 21 Fällen unauffällig, während 1 Patient Fibrae medullares, 1 weiterer deutliche Pigmentverschiebungen am hinteren Pol zeigte. Zusammen mit der Pilotstudie wurden mittlerweile 102 Patienten mit Chagas-Krankheit untersucht. Bei insgesamt 8 Patienten (7,8 %) lagen Defekte des retinalen Pigmentepithels vor, welche in keinem Fall eine signifikante Visusbeeinträchtigung zur Folge hatten. Schlußfolgerung: Wir können davon ausgehen, daß es sich hierbei um seltene und harmlose postentzündliche oder immunologisch bedingte Veränderungen bei der Amerikanischen Trypanosomiasis handelt.
    Notes: Background: Last year's pilot study, which examined for the first time a representative group of patients with Chagas disease, showed that in this parasitosis changes in the ocular fundus can be expected in the form of defects of the retinal pigment epithelium. Examination of more patients in this study should give further information about the character and extent of the alterations found. Materials and methods: After serological confirmation of the disease, we performed an ophthalmological examination of the anterior and posterior segments. Results: In 21 out of 23 patients the fundus was unobtrusive; 1 patient showed fibrae medullares and 1 patient clear pigment dispersion on the posterior pole. Together with the pilot study, a total of 102 chagasic patients were examined. In 8 patients (7.8 %) defects of the retinal pigment epithelium were found, which did not cause any significant loss of vision. Conclusions: We presume that the described defects are a matter of rare and harmless postinflammatory or immunological changes in the American type of trypanosomiasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 814-820 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Latex particles ; Swelling ; Interfacial tension ; Swelling pressure ; Size dependence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The Morton–Kaizerman–Altier (MKA) equation fails to describe experimental swelling data of polystyrene particles with toluene in the absence of free or adsorbed surfactants. A modification of the MKA equation is possible by the consideration of a volume work leading to a swelling pressure in analogy to macroscopic gels. With the modified equation a satisfactory description of the experimental data is possible if a size dependence of all the three interaction parameter of the particles with the swelling agent, the swelling pressure, and the interfacial tension of the particles is considered. In the case of particles with diameters below 50 nm and with high surface charge densities an additional electrostatic repulsion contributes to the volume increase during swelling, which is not yet considered in the theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 59 (1996), S. 1181-1190 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Natural and modified polyflavonoid tannin extracts have been shown to behave as super-plasticizers of cement and concrete mixes, improving fluidity without any significant retardation of the onset of hardening. This was shown by applied tests, by conduction calorimetry, and by X-ray diffraction analysis. The tannin extracts' behavior was ascribed to the balance of different effects, namely, (1) their increase in molecular mass induced by the presence of the silicate and aluminate component of cement, (2), the decrease first and then stabilization of the molecular mass and improved solubility induced by introduction of sulfonic groups in the structure of the tannin, and (3) the stabilization in the molecular mass induced by urea through its hindrance to tannin autocondensation and its decrease of tannin extract colloidal association in a water solution. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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