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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A classical dilemma (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 102 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb11442.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Products and Pathways of Glucose Catabolism in Herpetomonas muscarum ingenoplastis and Herpetomonas muscarum muscarum (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 44 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . The products and pathways of glucose catabolism in the insect trypanosomatids Herpetomonas muscarum ingenoplastis and Herpetomonas muscarum muscarum have been studied with the aim of elucidating how both organisms are able to proliferate well under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. When incubated in medium containing glucose as the only exogenous carbon source, catabolism was found to be fermentative in both cases. Acetate was a major product of both organisms while H. m. ingenoplastis produced more ethanol and propionate and less succinate than H. m. muscarum. Ethanol production by H. m. ingenoplastis decreased both under anaerobic conditions and in the presence of elevated CO2 concentrations, whereas succinate and propionate release by this organism were greater in high CO2 and anoxia, respectively. Succinate production by H. m. muscarum was greatest under anaerobic conditions in elevated CO2 whereas propionate was only a minor product. The same four products were released during growth of the organisms in complex medium, but the relative proportions differed suggesting that other substrates were being used. Both organisms contained enzymes of the glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways, but while all activities of the TCA cycle were present in H. m. muscarum. NAD-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate CoA synthase and succinate dehydrogenase were not detected in H. m. ingenoplastis. Fumarate reductase activity was present in both organisms. The data presented suggest that CO2-fixation and reverse flux through the TCA cycle may be important factors that enable the organisms to undergo anaerobiosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05690.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Childhood disadvantage and health inequalities: a framework for policy based on lifecourse research (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Child 30 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Tackling health inequalities is moving up the policy agenda of richer societies like the UK, with governments looking for evidence to guide policy review and development. Observational studies of how childhood disadvantage compromises health in adulthood are an important part of the evidence base, but are largely inaccessible to the policy community. We develop a framework which captures the findings of these studies. Our framework highlights how disadvantage in childhood adversely affects both socio-economic circumstances and health in adulthood through a set of interlocking processes. Key among these are children's developmental health (their physical, cognitive and emotional development) and health behaviours, together with the associated educational and social trajectories. In breaking down the link between childhood disadvantage and adult health into its constituent elements, the framework provides a basis for understanding where and how policies can make a difference. The paper argues that the process of policy review and development needs to include both new programmes and the mainstream policies in which they are embedded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2004.00457.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Young's fringes from vertically integrated slab waveguides: Applications to humidity sensing (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 6483-6488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using a multiple layer optical waveguide system consisting of two vertically slab waveguides, classical Young's fringes may be obtained in the far-field diffraction plane. In agreement with the simple theory of diffraction interference the spacing of the far-field fringes is easily observed on mm to cm dimensions without further transformation of the output light. The simple methods of fabrication and means of optical coupling should provide a readily adaptable method for examining the principles of interferometry in an integrated optical format. The structure acts to transform polarized incident plane wave input light into separate slab modes of the device which emerge as two closely spaced and coherent sources at the output. The elements required for a classical Young's fringe demonstration are therefore all embodied in this approach. The basic concept can be applied to an optical method for sensing. In one example of this we demonstrate measurement of the phase difference induced between the upper and lower propagating modes in structures due to water vapor diffusion into the layers which are formed from hydrophilic polymers. The Young's fringe patterns exhibit a spatial intensity distribution which is sensitive to water vapor introduced over the surface of the structure. Differences in the effective index between the modes of the two waveguides during the diffusion of the vapor causes phase shifts which result in redistribution in the fringe pattern. The anticipated limit of detection of these devices is lower than 1 ppm for water vapor. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371712
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constituents of Extractives from Douglas Fir (1949)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 41 (1949), S. 409-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50470a035
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cigarette consumption and socio-economic circumstances in adolescence as predictors of adult smoking (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Addiction 98 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Aim  To investigate effects of cigarette consumption level and socio-economic circumstances during adolescence on adult smoking.Methods  1958 British birth cohort (all births 3–9 March 1958). Logistic regression used to predict (i) smoking at 41 years and (ii) persistent smoking (at 23, 33 and 41 years) from cigarette consumption and socio-economic circumstances at 16 years, indicated by social class and educational qualifications.Results  Of 6537 subjects with full smoking history, 30% smoked at 16 years, 23% smoked at 41 years and 19% smoked at 23, 33 and 41 years (persistent smokers). Heavier smokers at 16, 23 and 33 years were more likely to smoke at 41 years than lighter smokers. The odds ratio (OR) of smoking at 41 years was 2.5 for men and 3.0 for women who smoked ≥60 cigarettes/week at age 16, relative to 〈20 cigarettes/week. Subjects from manual social backgrounds and those with no qualifications had elevated risks of being a smoker at 41 years or a persistent smoker. These effects were robust to adjustment for adolescent consumption level (e.g. adjusted OR for no qualifications was 3.8). However, adolescent consumption level modified the effect of educational achievements. Among lighter adolescent smokers, those gaining higher qualifications had lower prevalence of smoking at 41 years (16%) than men with no qualifications (83%); among heavier adolescent smokers, prevalence was more similar for subjects with higher (56%) and no qualifications (69%).Conclusions  Socio-economic background appears to influence adult smoking behaviour separately from adolescent cigarette consumption which is a recognized measure of nicotine dependence. There was some evidence that effects of early nicotine dependence are modified by educational achievements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2003.00552.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A potential role for ICP, a leishmanial inhibitor of cysteine peptidases, in the interaction between host and parasite (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Molecular microbiology 54 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The biological role of a natural inhibitor of cysteine peptidases (designated ICP) of Leishmania has been investigated by genetic manipulation of the parasite. Null mutants grew normally in vitro, were as infective to macrophages in vitro as wild-type parasites, but had reduced infectivity to mice. Mutants re-expressing ICP from a single gene gave partial restoration of virulence in vivo, whereas mutants overexpressing ICP secreted the inhibitor and showed markedly reduced virulence in mice. Promastigotes of the null mutants had similar cysteine peptidase activities as the wild-type parasites, suggesting that ICP is not required for the expression or processing of the enzymes. The only proteins found to bind to ICP in promastigote cell lysates were fully processed forms of CPA and CPB, showing that ICP does not bind in abundance either to zymogens of the cysteine peptidases or other leishmanial proteins. However, only a small proportion of ICP colocalized with CPA and CPB in the promastigote (in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi) and the majority of ICP resided in vesicles that are apparently distinct from endosomes and the multivesicular tubule (MVT)-lysosome. These data suggest that ICP has a role other than modulation of the activity of the parasite’s own cysteine peptidases and their normal trafficking to the MVT-lysosome via the flagellar pocket. The finding that ICP partially colocalized with an endocytosed cysteine peptidase leads us to postulate that ICP has a role in protection of the parasite against the hydrolytic environment of the sandfly gut and/or the parasitophorous vacuole of host macrophages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04355.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical and histological spectrum of elastotic changes induced by penicillamine (2002)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Australasian journal of dermatology 43 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-0960
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A 79-year-old-man with cystinuria requiring long-term penicillamine therapy presented with a 6-month history of itchy annular lesions in both axillae. Clinical examination revealed lesions consisting of crusted keratotic papules coalescing in an annular distribution. Associated findings included generalized skin laxity accentuated on the upper trunk and arms, as well as small yellowish papules on the neck. Histological evaluation revealed short, thick, eosinophilic elastic fibres with nodular protrusions. Transepidermal elimination of abnormal elastic fibres was also evident. We discuss the histological and clinical spectrum of penicillamine-induced elastotic changes and compare these changes to those seen in primary elastotic disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0960.2002.00580.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: An early non-protuberant phase of the tumour (1999)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Australasian journal of dermatology 40 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-0960
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A 40-year-old female patient presented with a flat scar-like plaque on the upper chest. The patient’s perception of subtle change in the lesion was of paramount importance in the decision to biopsy this lesion of innocuous clinical appearance. Histopathological findings were those of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. This case illustrates the early clinical features of the tumour and a recommendation for taking a biopsy of any scar-like plaque where there is no clear history of preceding trauma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0960.1999.00313.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of oribatid and mesostigmatid soil mites in ecologically based estimates of global species richness (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Austral ecology 26 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-9993
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Erwin’s method for estimating total global species richness assumes some host-specificity among the canopy arthropods. This study examined possible host habitat specialization in two major groups of soil arthropods, the oribatid and mesostigmatid mites, by sampling beneath three tree species: Eucalyptus pilularis Smith, Eucalyptus propinqua Deane and Maiden and Allocasuarina torulosa (Aiton) L. Johnson. The sample sites were in the Lansdowne State Forest, New South Wales, Australia and the three tree species were selected on the basis of their known differential effects on soil. Sampling was conducted over three seasons, and 79 oribatid and 34 mesostigmatid species were identified from 25 196 and 3634 individuals, respectively. Tree species had little effect on mite species composition with only three oribatid species and no mesostigmatid species identified as host-habitat specialists using a niche breadth measure. Of mite species found under E. pilularis, E. propinqua and A. torulosa trees, 2%, 1% and 0% were defined as host-habitat specialists, respectively. In contrast, tree species had significant and consistent effects on mite community structure, which differed in relative abundance of the oribatid species, their size class distributions and species rankings. In the mesostigmatid communities, there was a difference in the ranking of the mite species among tree species. Although it was demonstrated that tree species have an impact on the soil environment, the differences between tree species were insufficient to change species composition. The low degree of host-habitat specialization suggested that other factors were more important for determining mite species composition at a site, and soil mite host-habitat specialization may not make a large contribution to estimates of total global species richness using methods such as those proposed by Erwin (1982).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2001.01088.pp.x
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