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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial agonistic activity of labetalol, the arylethanolamine, on β3-adrenoceptors in the guinea-pig gastric fundus (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Autonomic & autacoid pharmacology 22 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1474-8673
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1 The agonistic and antagonistic effects of labetalol, the α1- and β-adrenoceptor antagonist, were studied on β3-adrenoceptors in the guinea-pig gastric fundus. 2 Labetalol caused a concentration-dependent relaxation with a pD2 value of 5.58 ± 0.09 and an intrinsic activity of 0.64 ± 0.06, which was not affected by pretreatment with both the selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist, (±)-atenolol (100 μM), and the selective β2-adrenoceptor antagonist, (±)-butoxamine (100 μM). 3 However, the non-selective β1-, β2- and β3-adrenoceptor antagonist, (±)-bupranolol (3–30 μM), shifted the concentration–response curve of labetalol to the right (pA2 value=5.97 ± 0.08). 4 In the presence of (±)-atenolol (100 μM) and (±)-butoxamine (100 μM), relaxations to catecholamines [(−)-isoprenaline, (−)-noradrenaline and (−)-adrenaline], to the selective β3-adrenoceptor agonist, BRL37344, and to the non-conventional partial β3-adrenoceptor agonist, (±)-CGP12177A, were weakly antagonized by labetalol (10 μM). 5 These results indicate that labetalol, the arylethanolamine, acts as a partial agonist on β3-adrenoceptors in the guinea-pig gastric fundus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-8673.2002.00239.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross-cultural comparison of attitudes and opinions onuorides anduoridation between Australia and Japan (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 26 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This paper reports on two studies exploring similarities and contrasts in knowledge, attitudes and opinions onuorides anduoridation of two culturally different population groups. Therst study compares the attitudes and opinions of parents of primary (elementary) schoolchildren in Melbourne, Australia, and Yokohama, Japan, and the second study compares the attitudes and opinions of dentists drawn from the same geographic areas. A self-administered questionnaire collected data on 517 parents and 629 dentists. The questionnaires were of similar design and content for both parents and dentists. They included a series of knowledge and attitudinal statements on preventive dentistry and use ofuorides. Attitudinal responses were measured on a 5-point agree-disagree Likert scale. Data were analyzed using both bivariate and multivariate techniques. Australian parents appeared better informed on the benets of wateruoridation and held more favorable opinions onuorides anduoridation than their Japanese counterparts. Similarly, Australian dentists held more positive attitudes toward the use of fluorides and fluoridation than their Japanese peers. Cultural norms and experiences appear to shape parental attitudes, whereas the focus of dental education and dental practice on restorative treatments in Japan appears to be a substantial inuence on the attitudes and opinions held by Japanese dentists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1998.tb01948.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transaminase Affects Accumulation of Free Amino Acids in Electrically Stimulated Beef (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 64 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Electrical stimulation (ES) of a beef carcass increases the content of free amino acids, which affects meat flavor. Levels of glutamic acid (Glu)-aminopeptidase activity were similar in both control and ES meat but decreased during storage to about 65% at 14 days. When 2-ketoglutaric acid (a substrate of transaminase) was added to the sarcoplasm, the level of Glu increased. Transaminase activity was unaffected by storage and was about 20% greater in ES than in the control. Transaminase activity in beef was confirmed when radioactive 2-ketoglutaric acid was added to the sarcoplasm. Results suggest that transaminase contributes to accumulation of some amino acids such as Glu in beef during conditioning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1999.tb15046.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between periodontal status and biting ability in Chinese adult population (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  This study investigated the relation between periodontal condition and biting ability in a Chinese population using the pressure-detecting sheet. A total of 142 subjects residing in Nanchang, Jiangxi province, China, participated in the study. The examination included probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing and coronal caries teeth. Biting abilities per person, biting force, biting pressure and occlusal contact area were measured using the sheet. Number of teeth present showed positive correlation with biting force and occlusal contact area, but were negatively correlated with biting pressure. No significant correlation was observed between the mean PD, percentage of pocket ≥ 4 mm, bleeding index and any of biting abilities. The mean CAL showed a significantly negative correlation with biting force and occlusal contact area. Multiple stepwise regression analysis selected the number of teeth present, sex and age as the significant factors affecting the biting ability. However, no periodontal indices were picked up as the significantly contributing factor. There appears to be little effect of periodontal condition on biting ability. Ageing was selected as a contributing factor to reduction in the Chinese adults, but not in the Japanese population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01012.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organotin Compounds in Water, Sediment, and Biological Samples from the Port of Osaka, Japan (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 35 (1998), S. 558-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Butyltin (Bts) and phenyltin compounds (Pts) were measured in water, sediment, plankton, and mussels collected from eight stations in the harbor area of the Port of Osaka in 1996, and were compared with those of Otsuchi Bay. The levels of tributyltin (TBT) compounds in all samples from the Port of Osaka were slightly high in marinas and mooring areas of small and medium-hull vessels. Of total Bts, the ratio of TBT was under 50% in water and was dominant in sediment, plankton, and mussels. Triphenyltin (TPT) compounds in water were not detected. TPT was present at lower levels than TBT in sediment, plankton, and mussels. Of total Pts, monophenyltin (MPT) compounds and diphenyltin (DPT) compounds represented a high proportion in sediment, while TPT was dominant in plankton and mussels. The concentrations of TBT in water from the Port of Osaka were lower than those from Otsuchi Bay, however TBT concentrations in sediment, plankton, and mussels from the Port of Osaka were higher than those from Otsuchi Bay. The difference of TBT concentration among stations in the Port of Osaka was slight. In contrast, the levels of TBT in Otsuchi Bay were markedly higher at a station near the shipyard. Though TPT in water from the Port of Osaka was not detected, trace amounts of TPT was found in seawater from Otsuchi Bay. The levels and detected frequencies of TPT in sediment, plankton, and mussels from the Port of Osaka were lower than in those from Otsuchi Bay. The partition coefficients of Bts to sediment, plankton, and mussels from the Port of Osaka were higher than those of dibutyltin (DBT) compounds and MBT and those of TBT to plankton and mussels were higher than those in sediment. The partition coefficients of TBT to sediment and biological samples from the Port of Osaka were higher level than those in Otsuchi Bay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900416
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation of Butyltin and Phenyltin Compounds in Various Fish Species (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 39 (2000), S. 13-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of organotins (OTs) were measured in the muscle of 11 species of fishes from the Port of Osaka and Yodo River, Japan. Tributytin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) compounds were detected in the range of 0.011–0.182 mg/kg wet weight and 〈 0.001–0.130 mg/kg wet weight, respectively. Concentrations of TBT were higher than those of TPT in the muscle of fish. Concentrations of OTs in fish from sea areas were higher than those from rivers, and the ratios of TBT to total butyltins (BTs) in fish from sea areas were also higher than those from rivers. A similar trend was found for TPT. Logarithm of bioconcentration factor (BCF) of TBT in fish was in the range of 2.7–3.9. No sex differences in TBT and TPT concentrations in Japanese sea perch were observed, and the concentrations of TBT and TPT were not related to total length of fish. No correlation was also observed between the concentration of TBT or TPT and lipid content. The concentrations of BTs and phenyltins (PTs) in organs and tissues of three fish species were determined. TBT was higher concentration in liver, brain, and muscle of white croaker and yellowtail. The ratios of TBT to the total BTs were 30–40%, and the ratios of TPT to total PTs in these fishes were greater than 50% of the total PT concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002440010074
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facilitation of HIV-1 isolation from patients by neuraminidase (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 143 (1998), S. 85-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  We previously reported that infectivities of human and other nonhuman lentiviruses including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are activated by desialylation of the virion surface [H. Hu et al., J Virol 70: 7 462–7 470 (1996)]. The present study was designed to determine whether neuraminidase (NA) is useful for isolation of HIV-1 from patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or CD4+ cells isolated from the PBMC of infected individuals were cocultured with PBMC or CD4+ cells from uninfected healthy donors, and the efficiency and frequency of virus isolation in the presence of NA were compared with those by a routine conventional procedure. In a total of 41 isolation trials from 28 individuals, the presence of NA markedly increased the frequency of isolation. Furthermore, both the day when virus was first detected and the day when the virus titer was the highest in the cultures were significantly earlier in the presence of NA than in the absence of NA. The deduced amino acid sequences of the V2 and V3 regions of gp120 were identical or very similar between the isolates obtained in the presence or absence of NA, suggesting that both isolation procedures selected a similar population. NA was thus found to facilitate HIV-1 isolation and its use is recommended particularly when isolation is negative by the conventional procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050270
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1995)
    Springer
    Metrika 42 (1995), S. 66-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-926X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01894289
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear Proximal Decomposition Method for Convex Programming (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 106 (2000), S. 357-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: nonlinear proximal decomposition method ; Bregman functions ; convex programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we propose a new decomposition method for solving convex programming problems with separable structure. The proposed method is based on the decomposition method proposed by Chen and Teboulle and the nonlinear proximal point algorithm using the Bregman function. An advantage of the proposed method is that, by a suitable choice of the Bregman function, each subproblem becomes essentially the unconstrained minimization of a finite-valued convex function. Under appropriate assumptions, the method is globally convergent to a solution of the problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004655531273
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unconstrained Optimization Reformulations of Variational Inequality Problems (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 92 (1997), S. 439-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Variational inequality problems ; unconstrained optimization reformulations ; global error bounds ; descent methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Recently, Peng considered a merit function for the variational inequality problem (VIP), which constitutes an unconstrained differentiable optimization reformulation of VIP. In this paper, we generalize the merit function proposed by Peng and study various properties of the generalized function. We call this function the D-gap function. We give conditions under which any stationary point of the D-gap function is a solution of VIP and conditions under which it provides a global error bound for VIP. We also present a descent method for solving VIP based on the D-gap function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022660704427
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