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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The rat substance P (SP) receptor (SPR) was expressed in insect Sf9 cells by infection with recombinant baculovirus. The receptor bound SP with high affinity (KD = 360 pM) and had a rank order of affinity of SP 〉 neurokinin A 〉 neurokinin B. Ligand activation of the receptor resulted in an increase in both inositol lipid hydrolysis and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). However, high-level expression of the receptor, in the absence of ligand, was correlated with increased basal turnover of inositol lipids and an elevated rate of Ca2+ influx. These results demonstrate that the Sf9 cells provide a suitable environment for the high-level expression of a functionally active SPR. Two carboxy-terminal epitope-tagged receptors (SPR-KT3 = SPR-TPPPEPET, COOH; SPR-Glu = SPR-EEEEYMPME, COOH) were also expressed. The affinity of the KT3-tagged receptor for ligand was similar to that of the wild-type receptor (KD = 405 pM), and that of the Glu-tagged receptor was slightly lower (KD = 1,082 pM). The high-affinity SP binding site of all three receptors was sensitive to guanosine 5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) pretreatment. The maximal signal-transducing ability of the epitope-tagged receptors was comparable to that of the wild-type receptor ([Ca2+]i rise as a percentage of wild-type: SPR-KT3, 80–100%; SPR-Glu, 88–100%). These data show that heterologous expression in the baculovirus system results in high expression of functional wild-type and tagged receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the N-glycosylated substance P (NK-1) receptor were treated with the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin and photolabeled with 125I-Bolton-Hunter-p-benzoyl-l-phenylalanine8-substance P. Two radioactive proteins of Mr 80,000 and 46,000, representing the glycosylated and nonglycosylated substance P (NK-1) receptor, respectively, were observed. The IC50 for the inhibition of photolabeling of both receptor forms was 0.3 ± 0.1 nM for substance P and 30 ± 5 nM for neurokinin A (substance K). Thus, glycosylation of the substance P (NK-1) receptor has no detectable effect on the affinity of the substance P (NK-1) receptor for substance P or neurokinin A (substance K).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 39 (1998), S. 5798-5810 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The canonical commutation relations of quantum mechanics are generalized to the case where appropriate dynamical variables are angular-momentum, rotation-angle, and rotation-axis observables. To this end, SU(2) is "quantized" on the compact group manifold, according to the standard procedure of non-Abelian quantum kinematics. Quantum-kinematic invariant operators are introduced, and their commutation relations with the rotation variables are found in an explicit manner. The quantum-kinematic invariants yield superselection rules in the form of eigenvalue equations of an isotopic structure (which one should solve in the applications, in order to get multiplets that carry the irreducible representations of the underlying quantum kinematic models). A wide range of applicability of SU(2) quantum kinematics is suggested. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 49 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Theory predicts that fish should assort in shoals on the basis of similar phenotypic traits to minimize predation risk and to maximize foraging efficiency. A single phenotypic character, body size, was considered and the hypothesis tested that free-ranging fish shoals are sizeassorted. Furthermore, a second test investigated whether fish within multi-species shoals are more strongly size-assorted with conspecifics than with heterospecifics. Twelve fish shoals, each comprising two different species (golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas, and banded killifish Fundulus diaphanus) were caught in the littoral zone of a north temperate lake using a beach seine. Shoal membership size ranged from 36 to 776 fish, and mean standard body length of members ranged from 18 to 34 mm. Fish were assorted by body size at two different levels, namely, between shoals and at the level of species within shoals. Body sizes of shiners and killifish within shoals were significantly different in seven out of 12 shoals, with killifish being the larger species in five cases and shiners being the larger one in two cases. Because there is considerable overlap in body size between the two species in the population, the observed species-related size-assortativeness within shoals was not just the by-product of a directional size difference (between species) in the population. These findings provide strong quantitative evidence for size-sorting in free-ranging fish shoals and raise questions concerning the formation of multi-species fish shoals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 757 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 755 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc
    Journal of fish biology 63 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A number of recent papers have investigated the potential of familiarity to organize the distributions of free-ranging animals. It is not clear, however, to which extent individual recognition or a more general recognition of a group odour is responsible for familiarity preferences. First, we tested the sensory basis of the recognition of familiars in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). When allowed to choose between a familiar and an unfamiliar stimulus shoal on the basis of both visual and chemical communication, visual communication only and chemical communication only, the preference of focal fish for familiars was shown to be dependent on the presence of chemical cues. We subsequently investigated the mechanisms underlying such association preferences, specifically the effects of recent habitat and diet on preferences. Experimental fish were divided into four treatment groups consisting of two environment treatments (saline and freshwater) and two diet treatments (Daphnia spp. and chironimid larvae). Focal fish subsequently showed significant association preferences for groups of unfamiliar fish that had undergone the same environment or diet treatment as themselves, suggesting self-referent matching. These data indicate that individual recognition is not a pre-requisite for the expression of familiarity preferences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 59 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The design and operation of a grid-net are described, which allows the capture of entire shoals of wild fish and preserves information about the two-dimensional structure of shoals and the spatial positions of individual fish within the shoal. This simple technique facilitates investigation of several aspects of individual differences in fish shoaling behaviour in the wild for the first time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 57 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Shoaling behaviour is generally described as a trade-off between the anti-predator benefits of living in groups and the costs of increased foraging competition. An individual's fitness varies as a function of shoal size and shoal composition, and this relationship is potentially body length dependent. As teleost fishes show indeterminate growth, many populations exhibit a broad range of individual body lengths. The latter is used as a criterion in active choice of shoaling companions, and shoals are often size-assorted. This reduces predation risk through minimizing phenotypic oddity, and may reduce competition between size-classes. There is some evidence for a positive relationship between shoal size and the body length of shoal members, although it remains unclear whether this is a result of active shoal-size choice or a by-product of the body length distribution of the population. Shoal membership is highly dynamic and individuals may maximize their fitness by switching frequently between groups of varying size and composition in response to changes in their physiological stage and the external environment. Fish shoals provide an excellent opportunity to investigate the functions and mechanisms of group living, and future studies should aim to take an integrated view of individual behaviours, group size and phenotypic composition when investigating group choice decisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden , USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc
    Journal of fish biology 64 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Male guppies Poecilia reticulata were observed to develop shoaling preferences for familiar males over a 12 day period, at which time they showed a clear preference for familiar over non-familiar males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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