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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ANALYSIS AND MODELISATION OF SHORT CRACK GROWTH BY DUCTILE FRACTURE MICROMECHANISMS (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— A ductile medium strength steel has been modelled by means of the Gurson model, and been used to investigate the effect of crack tip constraint in several fracture mechanics specimens. Both numerical and experimental results have been obtained, in the course of the crack extension process, for single edge notch bending specimens with different crack length-to-width ratios. The geometries with the shorter cracks always exhibited higher J values at initiation and steeper J crack growth resistance curves, and these results have been explained in terms of the stress and strain fields and damage development in the region ahead of the crack tip.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1997.tb00297.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear magnetic resonance proton-spin relaxation study of the local director fluctuations in the lyotropic liquid crystal: Potassium laurate/1-decanol/water (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 10809-10817 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Field cycling nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry was used to study the slow molecular dynamics in the nematics and isotropic phases and polyphasic region of the phase diagram in the thernary mixture: potassium laurate/1-decanol/water. The experiment has been performed over a broad range of Larmor frequencies (2×103−6.6×106 Hz). The first experimental evidence of director fluctuations in a micellar lyotropic nematic liquid crystal, studied by 1H spin-lattice relaxation rate, is reported. The results evidence that in the nematic mesophases, director fluctuations are responsible for the spin-lattice relaxation dispersion in the low Larmor frequency range ((approximately-less-than)105 Hz). By increasing the intermicellar water content, a crossover was found between a quasi-isotropic three-dimensional (3D) director fluctuation behavior and a two-dimensional (2D) pseudo-lamellar undulation fluctuation. In spite of the fact that no menatic phases of this micellar complex fluid are isotropic with respect to light scattering, they present spin-lattice relaxation profiles as driven by local director fluctuations. The polyphasic region, at lower temperatures, shows a quasinematic 3D director fluctuation behavior; meanwhile, the isotropic phase, at higher temperatures, presents 2D pseudo-lamellar undulation fluctuation modes. We conclude that the micelles, in the isotropic phase, preserve the pseudo-lamellar structure, already found in the nematic phases but forming nematic domains with the directors randomly oriented. In order to explain the higher frequency range ((approximately-greater-than)105 Hz), two relaxation mechanisms are assigned: (i) molecular reorientation by translational diffusion on the micellar surface and (ii) molecular exchange between the micelle and the bulk. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1318769
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple Mycobacterium microti Derived Lipids Stimulate iNOS Gene Expression in the J774 Murine Macrophage Cell Line (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 56 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The inducible nitrogen oxygen synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) system acting in concert with superoxide radicals is recognized as a powerful macrophage microbicidal mechanism. However, experimentation with iNOS knockout mice has rendered contradictory results on the protective role of iNOS/NO in the course of mycobacterial infections. On the other hand, NO also plays an immunoregulatory role. Knowing the nature of the mycobacterial constituents that induce iNOS gene expression would help to better understand the host–parasite relationship.Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and a 19 KDa lipoprotein are the two known mycobacterial constituents that have shown to induce iNOS. By screening a set of methanol extracted lipids from Mycobacterium microti, here we provide evidence that multiple mycobacterial molecules of lipidic nature both of intermediate and of high polarity, with free amino groups or carbohydrates but no phosphate groups as part of their structure are capable of inducing iNOS gene expression in J774 cells, thus implying a complex relationship between mycobacteria and their host immune system in regard to iNOS gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01103.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preferred temperature of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes), and brema carp, Megalobrama amblycephala (Yih), (Pisces, Cyprinidae) in horizontal and vertical gradients (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 29 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The preferred temperatures of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes), and brema carp, Megalobrama amblycephala (Yih), were determined individually and together in both horizontal and vertical gradients. No significant difference was found by two methods between the preferred temperatures in either species of carp (28.0-28.5 oC) when the fish were placed individually. However, when the two species of carp were placed together, C. idella was displaced thermally, preferring a temperature of 23.5 oC, which was significantly lower than that obtained when it was held separately. This suggests that, if both species of carp are placed in ponds forming part of a Chinese polyculture system, C. idella will seek out a lower temperature as a mechanism to avoid competition, and therefore, the growth of this species will be reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1998.00254.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of mometasone furoate microemulsion in the treatment of erosive-ulcerative oral lichen planus: pilot study (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 33 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a frequent immunological chronic disease, having different clinical forms: asymptomatic and symptomatic. Symptomatic OLP has been palliated with topical corticosteroids with different levels of efficacy and safety. The purpose of this pilot phase II clinical trial was to determine the efficacy of mometasone furoate microemulsion upon the symptoms and signs of erosive-ulcerative OLP.Methods:  Forty-nine patients with clinical and histologically confirmed erosive-ulcerative OLP were enrolled in this study (36 women and 13 men). Their average age was 56.4 years (from 28 to 78). The treatment consisted of 0.1% mometasone furoate microemulsion mouthwash three times a day over 30 days. Pain, erythema and ulceration were assessed after 15 and 30 days of treatment. The data was processed and statistically analysed by student's t-test for paired samples.Results:  Mometasone caused a statistically significant reduction in pain (3.58 vs. 0.65, P = 0.0000). Treatment significantly reduced the surface area of erythema (155.2 vs. 21.9 mm2, P = 0.0001) and ulceration (30.7 vs. 7.3 mm2, P = 0.0000). None of these patients suffered severe adverse effects.Conclusions:  Mometasone furoate microemulsion is a safe and effective therapy in the treatment of symptomatic erosive-ulcerative OLP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2004.00213.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral candidiasis as a clinical marker related to viral load, CD4 lymphocyte count and CD4 lymphocyte percentage in HIV-infected patients (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 31 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  High viral load is currently considered to be one of the main indicators of the progression of HIV-induced immunodepression, but few studies have analysed its relationship to the presence of oral candidiasis (OC). The aim of this cross-sectional study is to analyse the relationship between viral load, total CD4 lymphocyte count, and percentage of CD4 lymphocytes to the occurrence of OC.Methods:  The present cross-sectional study included 156 HIV-infected patients seen at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases and HIV. We assesed the presence or absence of OC, and microbiological samples were obtained from the palatine mucosa and dorsal tongue for a smear stained with KOH (potassium hydroxide) and culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar in all patients. Viral load was determined by quantification of viral RNA in peripheral blood with a minimum detectable level of 500 RNA copies/ml. CD4+ counts/CD4+ percentage were categorized as 〈200/〈14%, 200–499/14–28%, and 〉500/〉29%, and HIV viral loads were categorized as 〈500, 500–10,000, 〉10,000 copies/ml.Results:  Thirty-eight percent (37.8%) of the patients had OC. Patients with CD4+ lymphocyte counts below 200×106/l and CD4+ percentages below 14% showed a significantly higher frequency of OC (57.9% and 48.0%, respectively). Patients with a viral load over 10,000 copies/ml also had OC more frequently (44.8%). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, OC showed a statistically significant association with high viral load [〉10,000 vs 〈500, odds ratio (OR)=11.4], low percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes (〈14% vs 〉28%, OR=5), and injection drug use (IDU vs heterosexual transmission, OR=10.2). In HIV-infected patients, high viral load was associated with more frequent OC, regardless of CD4+ lymphocyte level.Conclusions:  These findings suggest that oral candidiasis could be a useful clinical marker of patients with high viral load. In view of these results, emphasis should be placed on the importance of systematic examination of the oral cavity in all medical follow-up examinations of HIV-infected patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0714.2002.310102.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A system to generate electronic books on programming exercises (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    The @electronic library 20 (2002), S. 314-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0264-0473
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship
    Notes: Electronic books offer a number of possibilities for innovation over paper books in certain fields. It is the case of programming exercises, which have a complex but well-established structure. We describe a system for the development of electronic books on programming exercises. A mark-up language, called eXercita, was designed to represent and manage programming exercises in a comprehensive manner. Several tools allow customizing exercises to the user's purposes, as well as selecting parts of individual exercises and subsets of the repository. As a consequence, the user can generate a custom electronic book, presented as a hierarchical Web site and implemented structured according to a given specified criterion. Based on the eXercita language, we have developed a large repository of exercises, as well as two books: an electronic book on the Web and a paper book containing a set of selected exercises.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02640470210438900
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dermatofibroma with granular cells (1997)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 30 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.1997.00538.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systematic errors in the high-accuracy universal polarimeter: application to determining temperature-dependent optical anisotropy of KDC and KDP crystals (2000)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 33 (2000), S. 938-946 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The problem of removing the characteristic parasitic errors of the high-accuracy universal polarimeter method in a linearly birefringent and optically active crystal section is examined. The use of constant parasitic errors typical of each particular polarimetric system is shown to be inappropriate. The parasitics should preferably be determined in each measurement process, since the instrumental parasitics depend not only on the optical and mechanical elements of the experimental system (polarizers, rotators, detection unit etc.), but on sample quality, alignment of the system, and even in many cases on exactly where the light beam passes through the sample. Thus, measurements with different samples give different values of parasitic errors. Such instrumental parasitics can be held within the same order of magnitude for different samples (∼10−4) if they are of good optical quality. However, the parasitics are increased by an order of magnitude (∼10−3) when the samples are of moderate or bad optical quality. Optical anisotropy properties as coefficients of thermal variation of the birefringence of KDC and KDP single crystals and the optical activity of KDP at 632.8 nm wavelength are obtained, in the ranges from room temperature to 353 K and to 373 K, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889800003605
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chymotrypsin and general proteolytic activities in muscle of Engraulis encrasicolus and Engraulis anchoita during the ripening process (2000)
    Springer
    European food research and technology 210 (2000), S. 414-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Keywords: Key words Anchovy ; Ripening ; Enzymatic activity ; Cathepsin C ; Chymotrypsin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  During fish ripening, biochemical changes occur that give rise to the organoleptic properties characteristic of the product. Enzymes play a key role in this ripening process, although it is not known exactly which enzymes are involved. We investigated the effects of the gutting method (nobbing only, or nobbing and butterflying) and addition of cathepsin C on general proteolytic activity, chymotrypsin activity, pH and organoleptic characteristics during brine ripening of fresh Engraulis encrasicolus. We also monitored these variables during brine ripening of frozen/thawed E. encrasicolus and E. anchoita. Butterflied fish ripened more rapidly than fish prepared by the traditional method (nobbing only). Inclusion of cathepsin C in the brine had a negative effect on texture (very firm, low juiciness) but a positive effect on flavour, which was more intense. Frozen/thawed fish were successfully ripened, giving a final product with fully acceptable organoleptic characteristics. In all batches except the E. anchoita batch both general proteolytic activity and chymotrypsin activity increased rapidly after immersion in brine, then dropped gradually over the ripening period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002170050573
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