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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-dimensional particle simulation of a sustained discharge in an alternating current plasma display panel (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 6216-6223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A plasma discharge due to a sustaining pulse of an alternating current plasma display panel was analyzed using a two-dimensional particle-in-cell code, and basic characteristics of the plasma discharge were calculated. The characteristics of the plasma discharge due to a sustaining pulse are as follows. (i) A large amount of space charge remained after drawing the discharge current. This excess space charge did not contribute to wall charge formation or ultraviolet radiation. (ii) The electron energy distribution function was evaluated and could be well fitted by the Druyvesteyn distribution in the high-energy region. The Druyvesteyn distribution was a consequence of the cross section for electron-Ne elastic scattering. (iii) The calculated ultraviolet radiation efficiency η of the plasma discharge due to a sustaining pulse was between 5.51% and 30.7%. Examination of the sensitivity of the efficiency to the electron temperature showed that reducing the electron temperature was a key to improving the efficiency. (iv) A detailed understanding of the conditions for a stable plasma discharge, memory margin, firing voltage, and electrode voltage of the sustaining pulse were obtained from the voltage transfer curve. The voltage transfer curve could be used to optimize the discharge cell design. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1319975
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Fe-exchange-field penetration on the residual amorphous phase in nanocrystalline Fe92Zr8 (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 7097-7099 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temperature dependence of hyperfine interactions has been studied by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy for rapidly quenched amorphous Fe92Zr8 in as-quenched and partially crystallized states. An analysis of the temperature dependence of the mean hyperfine field based on the molecular-field approximation showed that the Curie temperature of the residual intergranular amorphous phase (TCam) is 330±5 K, well above the maximum Curie temperature in amorphous Fe–Zr binary alloys (TC*(approximate)280 K). The difference of TCam−TC* (ΔTCam(approximate)50 K) cannot be attributed to the possible magnetovolume effect in the sample. The difference of ΔTCam could be explained by an enhancement of the molecular field by ∼50 T at 0 K, induced by the Fe exchange field penetrating from the bcc-Fe nanocrystallites. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372942
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Global breakdown in an alternating current plasma display panel (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 4231-4239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the alternating current plasma display panel, a widespread discharge can take place accidentally in a large number of cells in the upper or lower panel ends. The undesirable discharge is referred to as global breakdown. This is a serious problem, with consequences not only for display quality, but also for product reliability. The mechanism of the global breakdown was examined experimentally using a surface electrometer and theoretically using plasma simulation. From these examinations, the global breakdown mechanism was clarified as follows. Global breakdown was accompanied by charge separation in the horizontal direction of the panel. This charge separation was caused by electron transport downward in the panel during the address discharge. The electron transport formed a negative wall charge on the phosphor surface. When the wall voltage exceeded the insulation voltage of the protective layer, global breakdown occurred. Furthermore, it was clarified that increasing the front dielectric thickness or reducing the back dielectric thickness could suppress the electron transport during the address discharge. These optimizations of cell geometry could eliminate the global breakdown. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1351058
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic imaging of NdBa2Cu3Oy thin-film patterns with slots (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 3615-3617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have taken magnetic-field images in a wide temperature range of 4–90 K for square-shaped NdBa2Cu3Oy (Tc=89–92 K) thin-film patterns with an array of slots and a linewidth of 4–40 μm by using a scanning superconducting quantum interference device microscope. The thin-film patterns were cooled below 10 K in a various ambient magnetic field of 0.5–100 μT to investigate the behavior of flux trapping. The number of trapped flux quanta clearly decreases with decreasing the ambient field and the linewidth, and flux quanta are completely excluded from the patterns below the threshold-field strength, which agrees well with the Clem's criterion [E. Dantsker, S. Tanaka, and J. Clarke, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 2037 (1997)]. Moreover, additional flux trapping in the pattern-edge regions is observed by applying a field above 50 μT at temperatures near 77 K. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126724
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Dielectric Property of Soybean Oil in Deep-Fat Frying and the Effect of Frequency (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : :Suitability of the dielectric constant for real time and continuous evaluation of frying oil was investigated. Measurements of the dielectric capacitance, in the frequency range 1 kHz to 100 kHz, were made on soybean oil heated at several temperatures (180, 200, 220, and 240 °C) for a few d. Frequency dependence was also measured between 50 Hz and 30 MHz. The dielectric constant of the soybean oil increased with increase in the heating time, and was well correlated with acid value, density, and relative viscosity. Our equipment for measuring capacitance would be available for real time and continuous evaluation of frying oil quality in the food industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb09464.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in the Developing Murine Palatal Rugae (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 31 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis during morphogenesis of the murine palatal rugae (PR) were examined histochemically by using anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated UTP nick-end-labelling (TUNEL) technique. Formation of the PR rudiment was observed as an epithelial placode in fetuses at 12.5 days post-coitus (dpc). During the PR formation, BrdU-positive cells were detected mainly in the epithelium of the interplacode and interprotruding areas in fetuses administered BrdU maternally at 2 h before killing. TUNEL-positive cells were detected only at the epithelial placode area in 12.5–14.5 dpc. At 16.5–18.5 dpc, the BrdU-positive cells were decreased in number in the epithelial cells at the interprotruding area of the PR. Only a few TUNEL-positive cells were observed in the protruding area of the PR at 16.5 dpc. These results suggest that cell proliferation and apoptosis in the palatal epithelium are involved spatiotemporally in the murine PR morphogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0264.2002.00351.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The correlation between ovomucoid-derived peptides, human leucocyte antigen class II molecules and T cell receptor-complementarity determining region 3 compositions in patients with egg-white allergy (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Food allergies are more prevalent in children, due to the immature gastrointestinal epithelial membrane barrier allowing more proteins through the barrier and into circulation. Ovomucoid (OM) is one of the major allergens that is found in egg white.Objective The aim of this study was to determine T cell epitopes, antigen-presenting human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules of the T cell lines (TCLs) and T cell clones (TCCs), and complementarity determining region (CDR) 3 loops of the T cell receptor (TCR) α and β chains of the TCCs specific to OM.Methods We established TCLs and TCCs specific to OM from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of four atopic patients with egg-white allergy using a mixture of a panel of overlapping synthetic peptides corresponding to the amino acid sequence of the entire OM. We identified the T cell epitopes by antigen-induced proliferative responses, antigen-presenting molecules using allogeneic PBMCs and CDR3 loops of the TCR α and β chains by cloning and sequence analysis.Results The TCLs and TCCs responded to seven different peptides, and their antigen-presenting molecules were different from each other. Sequence analysis of the TCR α and β gene usage of the TCCs showed marked heterogeneity, and the usage of the CDR3 loop of the TCCs involved heterogenous amino acid residues. Interestingly, TCCs ‘IH3.3’ and ‘YT6.1’ recognized the same OM peptides, and had the same TCR Vβ-Jβ gene usage. Considering that peptide motifs bind to HLA class II molecules, the electrically charged residue (positive or negative) on the CDR3α and the CDR3β loops of TCR of TCC may form ionic bonds with a charged residue on the HLA class II molecules-peptide complex.Conclusions TCCs that have the same TCR gene usage were established from patients who had shown similar hypersensitivity-type, indicating that antigen recognition by a specific TCR is closely associated with the characteristics of each patient's symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.01433.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferative effects of eosinophil lysates on cultured human airway smooth muscle cells (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The hypertrophy/hyperplasia of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells is one of the characteristic features of bronchial asthma. This structural change leads to the thickening of airway walls resulting in the amplification of airway narrowing. However, the pathogenesis of this structural change has not yet been determined. Eosinophils, which play a pathogenic role in asthma, have been demonstrated to have proliferative effects on fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells.Objective We attempted to investigate the potential of eosinophils to induce the proliferation of ASM cells.Methods We examined the effect of lysates of eosinophils purified from peripheral blood of healthy donors on cultured human ASM cell proliferation.Results Eosinophil lysates significantly induced ASM cell proliferation in time- and dose-dependent manners, reaching a maximum on day 6 at 50% of eosinophil lysates (6.0 ± 0.7 × 104[mean ± SD] /well, n = 5 vs. 4.5 ± 1.1 × 104/well, n = 5; P 〈 0.05). This proliferative activity was heat-sensitive and recovered in the soluble fraction of the eosinophil lysates. Furthermore, the molecular weight of the mitogenic activity in the soluble fraction was identified as lower than 10 kDa. The inhibitory activity to ASM cell proliferation was also found in the insoluble fraction of the lysates.Conclusion These results indicate that circulating eosinophils store mitogenic activity for ASM cells, suggesting that eosinophils might contribute to the development of the hyperplasia of ASM cells in asthmatics through the release of the stored mitogenic activity upon stimulation at the site of inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0954-7894.2002.01243.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Th1/Th2 profile in peripheral blood in atopic cough and atopic asthma (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Eosinophilic tracheobronchitis with cough hypersensitivity, abbreviated as atopic cough, is an important cause of chronic cough. The reason for the absence of airway hyper-responsiveness is unknown, differing from asthma, a Th2 cytokine-mediated disorder.Objective To compare the type 1 helper T cell (Th1)/Th2 balance in the peripheral blood from subjects with atopic cough and atopic asthma, we assessed the intracellular cytokine production at the single-cell level.Methods Thirty-six subjects (10 patients with atopic cough, 18 with atopic asthma, and eight control subjects) were included. Intracellular IL-4 and IFN-γ were detected in CD4+ T cells by flow cytometry.Results A significantly lower ratio of IFN-γ-/IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells after phorbol 12-myristate acetate/ionomycin stimulation was found in patients with atopic cough and atopic asthma compared with normal subjects. In comparison between atopic patients, the ratio of IFN-γ-/IL-4-producing cells was significantly higher in atopic cough than in atopic asthma. However, the proportion of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells was significantly higher in patients with atopic asthma than in normal control subjects and no significant difference was detected between patients with atopic cough and normal subjects. No significant difference in the proportion of IFN-γ-producing cells was found between the subjects. Overall, the total IgE levels were positively correlated to the IL-4-producing cells and inversely correlated to the ratio of IFN-γ-/IL-4-producing cells.Conclusion These results show the lower degree of Th2 cytokine predominance in atopic cough compared with atopic asthma and suggest the relation between the Th1/Th2 balance and atopic status.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01578.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction among human leucocyte antigen–peptide–T cell receptor complexes in cow's milk allergy: the significance of human leucocyte antigen and T cell receptor–complementarity determining region 3 loops (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Allergic individuals respond to only a few specific antigens, therefore allergic diseases are characterized by antigen specificity. Clarification of the mechanism of antigen specificity will lead to progress in the therapy of allergic diseases.Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine the specific association among T cell epitopes, antigen-presenting molecules and T cell receptor (TCR), and to determine the TCR usage in the pathogenesis of allergies using antigen-specific T cell clones (TCCs). The results can clarify the mechanism of the antigen specificity of allergic diseases, and provide new therapeutic possibilities using analogue peptides.Methods Short-term T cell clones specific to β-lactoglobulin (BLG) were established from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from five patients allergic to cow's milk. We then identified the T cell epitopes and antigen-presenting molecules, and examined TCR usage. We also determined the sequence of the TCR-complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3).Results Six TCCs established from the five patients recognized three different peptides, and BLGp97–117 was recognized by four of the six TCCs. BLGp101–112 (KYLLFCMENSAE) was the core sequence in the fragment. Sequence analysis of TCR by the RT-PCR method revealed a marked heterogeneity in TCR usage, and similar amino acid sequences were recognized in the CDR3 region. Four of the six TCCs recognized BLG in association with human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*0405 as antigen-presenting molecules.Conclusion We proposed the motif of the interaction between the HLA-DRB1*0405 allele and antigen peptide, and suggested that HLA-DRB1*0405 is an immunoregulatory gene product for T cell responses to BLG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01370.x
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