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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A microscanning electron microscope in ultrahigh vacuum for surface microanalysis (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 2844-2848 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A microscanning electron microscope (SEM) column has been constructed as an attachment of an ultrahigh-vacuum chamber with a 70 mm diam flange to observe microstructures on a solid surface. The micro-SEM column is 26 mm diam and 140 mm long and operated in an energy range from 100 eV to 3 keV. It consists of a thermal-field-emission (TFE) gun and two magnetic lenses. The excitation of the objective lens for 3 kV electrons is 250 A T at a working distance of 10 mm. The saturated temperature of the objective lens at the excitation of 250 A T is approximately 50 °C and the vacuum of the chamber is 2×10−10 Torr. The electron probe is adjustable against a specimen position from the outside of the vacuum by movement of the SEM column with screws. The spot size of the electron probe is 100 A(ring) at 3 kV and 3000 A(ring) at 300 eV in conditions of a working distance of 10 mm and a probe current of 3×10−11 A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144625
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI Observation and Mathematical Model Simulation of Water Migration in Wheat Flour Dough During Boiling (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 65 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Existing cooking rate equations fail to describe the change of moisture content profile in starchy foods during cooking. There is a need for a new model. In this paper, an experiment on water migration during boiling was performed using a slab of wheat flour dough. The moisture content profile was measured by an MRI method. The result was compared with predictions made using mathematical models. The existing mathematical model was found to predict a much more rapid change than that measured by experiment. The accuracy of the prediction was considerably improved when a new model was applied: a mathematical model based on a new concept that water migration is driven by water demand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb10609.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathology of the airway epithelium in an experimental dual-phase model of bronchial asthma (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lesions of trachea cuticles are a pathological histological characteristic of bronchial asthma. Furthermore, collected tracheal cuticles desquamated from the respiratory tract are found in patients’ sputum when asthma attacks occur or after the induction of allergen inhalation. From these facts, it is assumed that desquamation of trachea cuticle cells is a pathological symptom of bronchial asthma. However, there has not been any chronological report of desquamation of trachea cuticles through the process of bronchial asthma attacks.For this report, we made an experimental bronchial asthma model using guinea pigs, and conducted chronological examinations of trachea cuticle lesions related to pathological symptoms of bronchial asthma using a transmission electron microscope and a scanning electron microscope.The experimental asthma models were made by injection of ovalbumin into the abdominal cavity of guinea pigs. Then the airway responses to inhaled aerosolized ovalbumin were induced. The trachea were enucleated and examined under an optical microscope, a transmission electron microscope (hereafter abbreviated as TEM), and a scanning electron microscope (hereafter abbreviated as SEM) after 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 h and 7 days after the immediate airway responses.Intercellular oedema of ciliated epithelium was observed in the sensitization groups immediately after the immediate airway response. SEM observation revealed increased mucus secretion and shortening of cilium. A slight case of desquamation or deciduation of ciliated epithelium was also beginning to appear. TEM observation revealed a dilation of ciliated epithelium intervals. Infiltration of eosinophilic leucocytes was already detectable beneath the ciliated epithelium. The degree of ciliated epithelium desquamation and infiltration of eosinophilic leucocytes progressed with time. When the late airway response occurred 4 hours later, eosinophilic leucocytes had increased drastically, and ciliate epithelium had desquamated to the extent that basal cells were exposed. Seven days after the immediate airway response, epithelium intercellular oedema had improved, and cilium had been reproduced.These results suggest that desquamation of epithelium caused by trachea cuticle lesions appears at an early stage of an asthma attack, owing to the contraction of the trachea, and that the damage is intensified by the infiltration of eosinophilic leucocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2001.01039.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Petrology of spinel granulites from Araku, Eastern Ghats, India, and a petrogenetic grid for sapphirine-free rocks in the system FMAS (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of metamorphic geology 9 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Spinel-quartz-cordierite and spinel-quartz are found as relic prograde assemblages in Fe-rich granulites from the Araku area, Eastern Ghats belt, India. Subsequent reactions produced orthopyroxene + sillimanite in the former association and garnet + sillimanite in the latter. The first reaction is univariant in the FMAS system, but is trivariant in the present case because of the presence of Zn and Fe3+ in spinel. The second reaction also has high variance because of Zn and Fe3+, but also because of the presence of Ca in garnet. Thermobarometry shows that the metamorphic conditions were approximately 950° C and 8.5 kbar and the fo2 was near the NNO buffer. In Fe-rich bulk compositions and low-P-high-T conditions of metamorphism, two of the univariant reactions around the invariant point [Sa], namely (Sa, Hy) and (Sa, Cd), change topology due to reverse partitioning of Fe-Mg between coexisting garnet and spinel. An alternative partial petrogenetic grid in the system FMAS is constructed for such conditions and is applied satisfactorily to several sapphirine-free spinel granulites. It is shown that bulk composition (XFe and Zn) exerts greater control on the stability of spinel + quartz than fo2. The effect of the presence of Zn and Fe3+ in spinel on the proposed grid is evaluated. Reaction textures in the Araku spinel granulites can be explained from the petrogenetic grid as due to near-isobaric cooling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1991.tb00539.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dehydration melting, fluid buffering and decompressional P–T path in a granulite complex from the Eastern Ghats, India (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of metamorphic geology 10 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A suite of metapelites, charnockites, calc-silicate rocks, quartzo-feldspathic gneisses and mafic granulites is exposed at Garbham, a part of the Eastern Ghats granulite belt of India. Reaction textures and mineral compositional data have been used to determine the P–T–X evolutionary history of the granulites. In metapelites and charnockites, dehydration melting reactions involving biotite produced quartzofeldspathic segregations during peak metamorphism. However, migration of melt from the site of generation was limited. Subsequent to peak metamorphism at c. 860° C and 8 kbar, the complex evolved through nearly isothermal decompression to 530–650° C and 4–5 kbar. During this phase, coronal garnet grew in the calc-silicates, while garnet in the presence of quartz broke down in charnockite and mafic granulite. Fluid activities during metamorphism were internally buffered in different lithologies in the presence of a melt phase. The P–T path of the granulites at Garbham contrasts sharply with the other parts of the Eastern Ghats granulite belt where the rocks show dominantly near-isobaric cooling subsequent to peak metamorphism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1992.tb00122.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Petrological evolution of a suite of spinel granulites from Vizianagram, Eastern Ghats Belt, India, and genesis of sapphirine-bearing assemblages (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 21 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A suite of spinel–cordierite granulites from Viziangram, Eastern Ghats Belt, India preserve mineral assemblages and reaction textures indicative of peak metamorphic conditions of 〉1000 °C, 〉8〈10 kbar, followed successively by near isobaric cooling (down to 750–800 °C), near isothermal decompression (to 4–5 kbar), and late hydration. P–T conditions of each stage are evaluated through a combination of petrogenetic grid approach and thermobarometry. Sapphirine is developed in sillimanite-bearing acid pegmatite veins that intruded the spinel–cordierite granulite close to peak metamorphic conditions, and also in the host rock in immediate contact with the pegmatite. Both sillimanite and sapphirine in the pegmatite are considered to be magmatic phases. Field observations and textural characteristics suggest that Al-metasomatism of the spinel–cordierite granulite due to the intrusion of pegmatite was responsible for sapphirine formation in the spinel granulite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.2003.00490.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracranial lipomas (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 110 (1991), S. 124-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Computed tomography ; intracranial lipoma ; magnetic resonance imaging ; surgical management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracranial lipomas are very rare, probably congenital lesions. Though they can occur anywhere in the intracranial space, a good proportion of cases tend to be located around the midline. Review of the literature as well as our own three cases — which forms the basis of this article — shows that they are mostly asymptomatic. When symptoms occur, they are frequently the result of coexisting general clinical conditions. Lipomas used to be reported mainly as incidental findings at autopsy. Advances in neuro-imaging techniques have vastly improved the likelihood of their being discovered during life. At present however, significant increase in the reported incidence of these tumours is yet to be seen. Surgical extirpation of the tumour is not considered necessary in the majority of patients, many of whom show remarkable clinical improvement following shunt procedures for obstructive hydrocephalus as well as treatment of coexisting conditions such as epilepsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400679
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contrasting parageneses in the manganese silicate-carbonate rocks from Parseoni, Sausar Group, India and their interpretation (1993)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 114 (1993), S. 533-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Mn silicate-carbonate rocks at Parseoni occur as conformable lenses within metapelites and calc-silicate rocks of the Precambrian Sausar Group, India. The host rocks are estimated to have been metamorphosed at uppermost P-T conditions of 500–550°C and 3–4 kbar. The Mn-rich rocks contain appreciable Fe, reflected in the occurrence of magnetite(1) (MnO 1%), magnetite(2) (MnO 15%) and magnetite(3) (MnO 10%). Two contrasting associations of pyroxmangite, with and without tephroite, developed in the Mn silicate-carbonate rocks under isothermal-isobaric conditions. The former assemblage formed in relatively Fe-rich bulk compositions and equilibrated with a metamorphic fluid having a low X CO 2 (〈0.2), and the latter equilibrated with a CO2-rich fluid. Rhodochrosite+magnetite(1)+quartz protoliths produced the observed mineral assemblages on metamorphism. Partitioning of major elements between coexisting phases is somewhat variable. Fe shows preference for tephroite over pyroxmangite at the ambient physical conditions of metamorphism. Oxygen fugacity during metamorphism was monitored at or near the QFM buffer in tephroite bearing domains, and the fluid composition was buffered by mineral reactions in respective domains. As compared to other metamorphosed Mn deposits of the Sausar Group, the Mn silicate-carbonate rocks at Parseoni were, therefore, metamorphosed at much lower f O 2 through complex mineral-fluid interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321757
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A refined garnet - biotite Fe−Mg exchange geothermometer and its application in amphibolites and granulites (1991)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 109 (1991), S. 130-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A new formulation of garnet-biotite Fe−Mg exchange thermometer has been developed through statistical regression of the reversed experimental data of Ferry and Spear. Input parameters include available thermo-chemical data for quaternary Fe−Mg−Ca−Mn garnet solid solution and for excess free energy terms, associated with mixing of Al and Ti, in octahedral sites, in biotite solid solution. The regression indicates that Fe−Mg mixing in biotite approximates a symmetrical regular solution model showing positive deviation from ideality withW FeMg bi =1073±490 cal/mol. ΔH r and ΔS r for the garnet-biotite exchange equilibrium were derived to be 4301 cal and 1.85 cal respectively. The resultant thermometer gives consistent results for rocks with a much wider compositional range than can be accommodated by earlier formulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687206
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase II study of concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: Long-term follow-up results. Japan Clinical Oncology Group Protocol 8902 (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 445-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemoradiotherapy ; combined modality treatment ; non-small-cell lung cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Although chemoradiotherapy is standard treatment forunresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), few long-termsurvival data exist. Patients and methods:Between October 1989 and December 1991, 74patients with histologically or cytologically proven NSCLC, unresectable stageIIIA or IIIB, were entered into this study. Seventy patients were eligible andevaluable for response, toxicity, and survival analysis. Chemotherapyconsisted of cisplatin (100 mg/m2 on days 1, 29, and 57) andvindesine (3 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 29, 36, 57, and 64). Thoracicradiotherapy was administered for two weeks (2 Gy given 10 times, fivefractions per week), and after a 14-day rest period, the previous schedule ofradiotherapy was repeated for two weeks. A 10-Gy to 20-Gy dose of radiotherapywas administered during the third cycle of chemotherapy. Results:Of the 70 evaluable patients, 1 (1.4%) hada complete response (CR) and 51 (72.9%) had a partial response (PR).The median survival time was 14.8 months, and the five-year survival rate was14.8%. The major toxicity was leukopenia (≥ grade 3, 93%).Other toxicities ≥ grade 3 included anemia (34%),nausea/vomiting (27%), alopecia (7%), thrombocytopenia(4%), and serum creatinine elevation (1%). Treatment relateddeath occurred in two patients (2.8%). One patient died of pneumoniaand pneumothorax, and the other of hemoptysis. Conclusions:Concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy has thepotential to provide long-term survival with acceptable toxicities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008328207137
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