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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutritional evaluation of RAZ-2, a new Phaseolus vulgaris bean cultivar containing high levels of the natural insecticidal protein arcelin 1 (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 41 (1993), S. 436-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00027a017
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress is in the eye of the beholder:reconceptualizing the measurement of carer burden (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of advanced nursing 15 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2648
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The development of community care policy and the inadequacies of professional responses to the needs of informal carers were described in an earlier paper A qualitative analysis of carers’ replies to a questionnaire survey demonstrated that the most potent Stressors, contrary to what has previously been assumed, were linked more to subjective perceptions of events or circumstances than to the objective features of the events and circumstances themselves This paper presents a quantitative analysis of data from the same survey which confirm the impressions gained from the analysis of the qualitative data These findings prompt a reconceptualization of carer burden within a transactional model of stress, which is then considered as a basis for understanding how carers adapt to stress in their lives Practice implications are assessed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01853.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lectins can reverse the distal intestinal atrophy associated with elemental diets in mice (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Elemental diets cause intestinal atrophy and reduced intestinal integrity, which can lead to significant increases in intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation. Recently, several lectins have been shown to have trophic effects on the intestine.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aims:We examined the effects of concanavalin-A and phytohaemagglutinin on cell proliferation and crypt fission throughout the intestine of mice fed on elemental diets.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Mice were randomized to chow fed, elemental diet, elemental diet plus concanavalin-A and elemental diet plus phytohaemagglutinin groups. Cell proliferation and crypt fission were estimated in microdissected crypts. Plasma gastrin and enteroglucagon levels were measured by radioimmunoassay.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Elemental diet feeding significantly decreased cell proliferation and crypt fission of the middle and distal small intestine and throughout the colon. Phytohaemagglutinin significantly increased the weight of the intestine, but concanavalin-A had little effect. Cell proliferation in the small intestine was significantly increased by both lectins. However, in the stomach and colon, only phytohaemagglutinin increased proliferation. Crypt fission in the colon was dramatically increased by phytohaemagglutinin. Phytohaemagglutinin increased the plasma gastrin level, but not the enteroglucagon level.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Lectins have significant trophic effects on the small intestine and colon of mice fed elemental diets, and these actions vary between different sites in the gastrointestinal tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01160.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral and intestinal mucositis — causes and possible treatments (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Chemotherapy and radiotherapy, whilst highly effective in the treatment of neoplasia, can also cause damage to healthy tissue. In particular, the alimentary tract may be badly affected. Severe inflammation, lesioning and ulceration can occur. Patients may experience intense pain, nausea and gastro-enteritis. They are also highly susceptible to infection. The disorder (mucositis) is a dose-limiting toxicity of therapy and affects around 500 000 patients world-wide annually.Oral and intestinal mucositis is multi-factorial in nature. The disruption or loss of rapidly dividing epithelial progenitor cells is a trigger for the onset of the disorder. However, the actual dysfunction that manifests and its severity and duration are greatly influenced by changes in other cell populations, immune responses and the effects of oral/gut flora. This complexity has hampered the development of effective palliative or preventative measures. Recent studies have concentrated on the use of bioactive/growth factors, hormones or interleukins to modify epithelial metabolism and reduce the susceptibility of the tract to mucositis. Some of these treatments appear to have considerable potential and are at present under clinical evaluation.This overview deals with the cellular changes and host responses that may lead to the development of mucositis of the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract, and the potential of existing and novel palliative measures to limit or prevent the disorder.Presently available treatments do not prevent mucositis, but can limit its severity if used in combination. Poor oral health and existing epithelial damage predispose patients to mucositis. The elimination of dental problems or the minimization of existing damage to the alimentary tract, prior to the commencement of therapy, lowers their susceptibility. Measures that reduce the flora of the tract, before therapy, can also be helpful. Increased production of free radicals and the induction of inflammation are early events in the onset of mucositis. Prophylactic administration of scavengers or anti-inflammatories can partially counteract or limit some of these therapy-mediated effects, as can the use of cryotherapy. The regular use of mouthwashes, mouth coatings, antibiotics and analgesics is essential, prior to and during loss and ablation of the epithelial layer. Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor/granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or the use of laser light therapy may aid restitution and repair. Glutamine supplements may be beneficial in the repair/recovery phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01784.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA stability and genomic methylation status in colonocyte isolated from methyl-donor-deficient rats (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 39 (2000), S. 106-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Key words Folic acid deficiency – methyl-donor deficiency – rat colonocytes – DNA strand breackage – DNA methylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background: Epidemiological studies report an inverse relationship between intake of the B vitamine folic acid and colon cancer. Folate is important for DNA synthesis and repair. Moreover, the production of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), essential for normal DNA methylation and gene expression, is dependent on folic acid. Folate deficiency may increase the risk of malignant transformation by perturbing these pathways. Aims of the study: The principal aim of this study was to determine the effects of folate deficiency on DNA stability and DNA methylation in rat colonocytes in vivo. As the metabolic pathways of folate and other dietary methyl donors are closely linked, the effects of methionine and choline deficiency were also evaluated. Methods: Male Hooded-Lister rats were fed a diet deficient in folic acid, or in methionine and choline, or in folate, methionne and choline for 10 weeks. DNA strand breakage and misincorporated uracil were determined in isolated colonocytes using alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis. Global DNA methylation was measured in colonic scrapings. Folate was measured in plasma, erythrocyte and liver samples. Results: Methyl donor deficiency induced DNA strand breakage in colonocytes isolated from all experimental groups. Uracil levels in colonocytes DNA remained unchanged compared with controls. DNA methylation was unaffected either by folate and/or methionine and choline depletion. Rats fed a folate-deficient diet had less folate in plasma, red blood cells and liver than controls. Conclusions: Folate and methyl deficiency in vivo primarily afects DNA stability in isolated colonocytes of rats, without affecting overall DNA methylation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003940070026
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A reappraisal of the Malaise Inventory (1990)
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 25 (1990), S. 170-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In recent years Rutter's Malaise Inventory has been used increasingly to measure levels of stress among those who care for people with dependency needs. Although though there has been an element of dispute in the literature about the unidimensional nature of the scale, later work (Bebbington and Quine 1987) tends to suggest that Malaise Inventory scores can be used as a single internally consistent measure of stress. In this study consideration is given to the results of a national sample survey of 527 members of the Association of Carers (now Carers: National Association) which suggests the existence of two valid dimensions to the Malaise Inventory across a wider range of carer groups. Implications for future development and administration of the scale as a measure of stress are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00782957
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brainstem projections of different branches of the vestibular nerve: An experimental study by transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase in the cat (1991)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 184 (1991), S. 291-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ampullar nerves ; Semicircular canals ; Vestibular nuclei ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The brainstem projections of the ampullar nerves from the vertical semicircular canals, the anterio (AAN) and the posterior ampullar nerve (PAN), were studied in adult cats using the transganglionic horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. Each nerve was exposed in three experiments. Two animals in each group had labeling which allowed detailed mapping. From the AAN, terminal-type labeling was found in two separate groups, one laterally and one medially, both in the lateral (LV) and in the superior (SV) vestibular nucleus. In addition, such labeling was found in all parts of the medial vestibular nucleus (MV). Labeled structures were found also in the descending vestibular nucleus, (DV) more densely over its lateral part, except for cell group f, where no labeling was found. From the PAN, terminal-type labeling was found medially and laterally in the LV and in the medial part of the SV In the MV, such labeling was evenly distributed rostrally but concentrated laterally in caudal parts. In the DV, terminal-type labeling was present rostrally, whereas no labeling was seen caudally. In the interstitial nucleus of the vestibular nerve, terminal-type labeling was observed from the AAN but not from the PAN. No labeled fibers from either of the two ampullar nerves were seen outside the vestibular root and nuclei, except for small-caliber fibers from the SV heading towards the brachium conjunctivum. The findings clearly indicate a specific termination for each of the two ampullar nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01673263
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lumbar dorsal root projections to spinocerebellar cell groups in the rat spinal cord: a double labeling study (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 81 (1990), S. 85-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Spinocerebellar neurons ; Dorsal root projections ; Double labeling ; Choleragenoid ; Fluorogold ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study has been to investigate projections to spinocerebellar cell groups from lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) in the rat. The binding subunit of cholera toxin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (B-HRP) was used to label primary afferent fibers. Spinocerebellar neurons were labeled retrogradely by Fluoro-Gold (FG). To determine the orientation of dendrites, retrogradely labeled spinocerebellar neurons were studied, following injections of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) into cerebellum. FG or WGA-HRP labeled neurons were found mainly in laminae V and VII, in the lateral group of lamina IX, in Clarke's column (CC) and in the dorsal funiculus. B-HRP labeled primary afferent fibers overlapping with FG labeled cells were observed at all these locations after injections of B-HRP into different DRGs. The overlap in lamina V was found mainly medially and dorsolaterally. CC was found to receive dense projections from DRGs L1–6. In the lumbar part of CC, labeling from DRGs L4–5 overlapped and was distributed over the entire mediolateral extent of the CC, whereas labeling from DRGs L1–3 was somatotopically organized and projected to successively more dorsomedial areas. The central area of lamina VII showed moderate labeling from DRGs L3–5. The lateral group of lamina IX received only smaller amounts of labeled fibers from DRGs L3–5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230104
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topographic relationship between sagittal Purkinje cell bands revealed by a monoclonal antibody to zebrin I and spinocerebellar projections arising from the central cervical nucleus in the rat (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 84 (1991), S. 133-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibody (mabQ113) ; Zebrin I ; Purkinje cells ; Spinocerebellar projections ; Central cervical nucleus ; Cholera toxin ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have examined the topographic relationship between the sagittal bands of zebrin I immunoreactive Purkinje cells revealed by a monoclonal antibody, mabQ113, and the distribution of spinocerebellar fibers originating from the central cervical nucleus in the rat. The mossy fiber terminals were anterogradely labeled following injections of cholera toxin subunit B into the C1–C3 segments and visualized immunohistochemically. Zebrin I positive Purkinje cells appeared in seven sagittal bands (P1+ to P7+ bands). In lobules I–V of the anterior lobe, labeled mossy fiber terminals were distributed in the midline region, subjacent to the P1+ bands and at around 0.5 mm from the midline region, subjacent to the P2+ band in the lateral A1 to the medial A2 zones of Voogd et al. (1985). Labeled terminals were seen in the entire B zone and those distributed in its medial part were related to the P3+ band. In lobule VIII, labeled terminals were seen subjacent to the P1+, P2+ and P3+ bands, which were located in the lateral A1–A3 (or B) zones. In the copula pyramidis, labeled terminals appeared subjacent to the P4+, P5+ and the P6+ bands in the C1 and C2 zones (or the C1-C3 zones). Although the labeled terminals were seen beneath the zebrin I positive bands, the borders of terminal distribution were not well-delineated, and did not respect the borders of zebrin I positive bands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231768
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Choleragenoid horseradish peroxidase used for studying projections of some hindlimb cutaneous nerves and plantar foot afferents to the dorsal horn and Clarke's column in the rat (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 84 (1991), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cutaneous nerve projections ; Dorsal horn ; Clarke's column ; Choleragenoid ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present study has been to investigate the spinal projections of cutaneous hindlimb afferents particularly to the deep dorsal horn and to Clarke's column (CC), by using the B-subunit of cholera toxin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Injections into three different cutaneous hindlimb nerves in adult rats resulted in dense labeling in the dorsal horn laminae IIi-IV/V, moderate labeling in lamina I and modest labeling in dorsomedial parts of CC. Footpad injections gave similar results, except for a lack of labeling in CC and only weak labeling in laminae I and V. The results suggest that B-HRP should be a useful marker for studying cutaneous myelinated nerve fiber projections to the rat spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231767
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