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  • 2000-2004  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (4)
  • 1980-1984  (2)
  • 1955-1959  (3)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 27 (1955), S. 543-546 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 29 (1957), S. 1356-1357 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 29 (1957), S. 1482-1485 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 90 (1986), S. 1615-1620 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Neuroscience 11 (1988), S. 423-453 
    ISSN: 0147-006X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 54 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Understanding of the genetic basis of normal and abnormal development of the immune response is an enormous undertaking. The immune response, at the most minimal level, involves interactions of antigen presenting cells (APCs), T and B cells. Each of these cells produce cell surface and soluble factors (cytokines) that affect both autocrine and paracrine functions. A second level of complexity needs to consider the development of the macrophage/monocyte lineage as well as the production of the common lymphoid precursor which undergoes distinct maturation steps in the thymus and periphery to form mature T cells as well as in BM (BM) and lymphoid organs to form mature B cells. A third level of complexity involves the immune response to infectious agents including viruses and also the response to tumour antigens. In addition, there are imbalances that predispose to decreased responses (immunodeficiencies) or increased responses (autoimmunity). A fourth level of complexity involves attempts to understand the differences in the immune response that occurs at a very young age, in adults, and at a very old age. This review will focus on the use of C57BL/6 J X DBA/2 J (BXD) recombinant inbred (RI) strains of mice to map genetic loci associated with the production of lymphoid precursors in the BM, development of T cells in the thymus, and T-cell responses to stimulation in the peripheral lymphoid organs in adult and in aged mice. Strategies to improve the power and precision in which complex traits such as the age-related immune response can be mapped is limited with the current set of 35 strains of BXD mice. Strategies to increase these strains by generating recombinant intercross (RIX) strains of mice are being developed to enable this large set of lines to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with a much higher consistency and statistical power. More importantly, the resolution with which these QTLs can be mapped would be greatly improved and, in many cases, adequate to carry out direct identification of candidate genes. It is likely that, given the complexity of the immune system development, the number of cells involved in an immune response, and especially the changes in the immune system with ageing, mapping hundreds of genes will be required to fully understand age-related changes in the immune response. This review outlines ongoing and future strategies that will enable the mapping and identification of these genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Photoreceptor ; Nearest neighbor analysis ; Nyquist limit ; Aliasing ; Aging ; Sex differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We have analyzed variation in the structure of the human photoreceptor mosaic as a function of age, sex, and retinal location using the nearest neighbor and density recovery profile methods. In contrast to most previous work, we have focused our analysis on the mid- and far-peripheral human retina. Video-enhanced differential interference contrast optics was used to characterize differences in the nasal and temporal periphery of unstained wholemounts from 12 males and 12 females ranging in age from 15- to 83-years-old. At sites matched for cone density (∼5,000 cones/mm2), the mosaic is far more orderly in the temporal than in the nasal periphery. This is true at all ages and in both sexes. Despite their increased local order, regularity ratios of adjacent temporal fields tend to be much more variable than are those of adjacent nasal fields. These marked nasal-temporal differences are eliminated when eccentricity is held constant and cone density is allowed to vary. There is a mild, statistically significant age-related decline in the regularity of the cone mosaic, but only in the nasal periphery. There are no significant differences in the precision of the cone mosaic between sexes. The equivalence of the regularity of the mosaic at matched eccentricities, but not at matched cone densities, suggests that the irregularity of the mosaic is secondary to developmental gradients and, more generally, to reduced selection for high acuity vision in the retinal periphery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Neutrino and antineutrino total charged current cross sections on iron were measured in the 100, 160, and 200 GeV narrow band beams at the CERN SPS in the energy range 10 to 200 GeV. Assuming σ/E to be constant, the values corrected for non-isoscalarity are σv/E = (0.686 ± 0.019) * 10−38 cm2/ (GeV · nucleon) and σv/E = (0.339 ± 0.010) * 10−38 cm2/ (GeV·nucleon). Between 50 and 150 GeV no energy dependence of σ/E was observed within ±3% for neutrino and ±4% for antineutrino interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 19 (1980), S. 488-496 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden Methoden zur Berechnung der Viskosität nicht-newtonscher Flüssigkeiten aus Messungen mit dem Brookfield-(Synchro-Lectric-)Viskosimeter für rotierende Scheiben, Kugeln und Zylinder diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse der Anwendung von Näherungsmethoden, wie sie für Rechnungen von Hand geeignet sind, und von Computer-Programmen auf verschiedene Testflüssigkeiten werden mit den Ergebnissen von Viskositätsmessungen mittels anderer kommerzieller Rheometer verglichen. Es wird gezeigt, daß sowohl die Ergebnisse der Näherungsmethoden als auch der Computerprogramme sich in guter Übereinstimmung mit dem bekannten viskosimetrischen Verhalten der Flüssigkeiten befinden und die Näherungsmethoden ein einfaches Mittel zur Gewinnung zuverlässiger Viskositätsdaten darstellen. Die Computermethoden ergeben für Kugeln und Scheiben zwar eine bessere Übereinstimmung mit dem bekannten Viskositätsverhalten, doch sind sie im Vergleich zu den Näherungsmethoden im Nachteil im Hinblick auf den höheren Aufwand, der zu ihrer Durchführung nötig ist.
    Notes: Summary Techniques for obtaining the apparent viscosity of non-Newtonian materials from the Brookfield Synchro-Lectric Viscometer are discussed for rotating discs, spheres, and cylinders. Results from approximate methods, suitable for hand calculation, and from computer programs applied to data obtained from various test fluids are compared with viscometric results from other commercial rheometers. It is shown that both the results from the approximate methods used, and from the computer programs are in good agreement with the known fluid behaviour, and that the approximate methods provide a simple means of obtaining reliable viscometric data. The computational methods used for spheres and discs give better agreement with the known viscometric liquid behaviour but may suffer somewhat on comparison with the approximate methods, due to the extra sophistication in their implementation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 19 (1980), S. 548-573 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden numerische Methoden verwendet, um die durch rotierende Kugeln oder Scheiben erzeugten Sekundärströmungen bei nicht-newtonschen Flüssigkeiten für „endliche“ Reynolds- und Weissenberg-Zahlen zu beschreiben. Frühere analytische Untersuchungen waren stets auf „kleine“ Werte dieser Parameter beschränkt geblieben. Das numerische Verfahren der vorliegenden Arbeit erlaubt die Lösung der vollständigen nicht-linearen Bewegungsgleichungen für endliche Werte dieser allgemeinen Parameter bei einer Flüssigkeit mit beliebiger Scherviskositätsabhängigkeit und ist somit nicht auf die Approximation der Stoffgleichungen für langsame Strömungen angewiesen, wie sie in den früheren Untersuchungen zugrundegelegt waren. Das Verhältnis des sekundären elastischen Drehmoments zum primären ergibt sich im Bereich der untersuchten Flüssigkeiten als eine quadratische Funktion von Reynolds- und Weissenberg-Zahl, was mit der Voraussage der früheren Theorien für kleine Werte dieser Parameter übereinstimmt. Es werden die Fehler betrachtet, die infolge von Trägheits- und elastischen Effekten bei der Verwendung von Kugeln bzw. Scheiben in Eintauchvisk osimetern auftreten können, wobei ja für die Auswertung in der Regel die Bedingungen der schleichenden Strömung vorausgesetzt werden. Es werden repräsentative Stromlinien gezeichnet. Dabei ergibt sich für unelastische Flüssigkeiten, daß solche gegenüber einer Änderung der Reynolds-Zahl relativ unempfindlich sind. Für viskoelastische Flüssigkeiten besteht die hauptsächliche Wirkung wachsender Elastizität auf die Stromlinien darin, den Bereich von Reynolds-Zahlen, bei dem eine elastische Umkehrströmung möglich ist, zu vergrößern. Auch der Einfluß der Scherentzähung geht in diese Richtung. Sowohl zwischen der Drehmomentabhängigkeit als auch der Stromlinienform der Sekundärströmung, die zum einen durch rotierende Kugeln, zum anderen durch rotierende dünne Scheiben erzeugt werden, besteht ein enger Zusammenhang.
    Notes: Summary Numerical methods have been employed to simulate the secondary flows of non-Newtonian materials caused by the rotation of spheres and thin discs for “finite” Reynolds and Weissenberg numbers. Previous analytic work has been confined to “small” values of these parameters. The numerical scheme of the present paper is used to solve thefull non-linear equations of motion for finite values of these global parameters for a fluid ofarbitrary viscosity characterisation, and so isnot restricted to the hierarchy constitutive equations used in previous analyses. The ratio of the secondary elastic torque to the primary torque is found to be a quadratic function of Reynolds and Weissenberg numbers for the range of materials studied and is in agreement with earlier theory for “small” values of these parameters. Consideration is given to possible errors incurred, due to inertial and elastic effects, in using spheres and discs as immersible viscometers where primary creeping flow assumptions are normally assumed in theory. Representative streamlines are drawn, and for the inelastic fluids examined are found to be relatively insensitive to changes in Reynolds number. For the elastico-viscous liquids considered, the main effect of increased fluid elasticity on the streamlines is to extend the range of Reynolds numbers for which reversed elastic flow is possible. The shearthinning nature of the fluid may also have this effect. A strong connection is found in both torque and streamline results between the secondary flows induced by rotating spheres and thin discs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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