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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two- and three-body forces in the interaction of He atoms with Xe overlayers adsorbed on (0001) graphite (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 6477-6493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to address the problem of three-body interactions in gas–surface scattering, we considered the collision of a He atom with the (0001) surface of graphite coated by a monolayer of Xe. To eliminate the uncertainties connected with errors in the two-body He–Xe interaction, we determined the latter by crossed-beam differential collision cross-section measurements performed at two energies (67.2 and 22.35 meV). These scattering data together with room-temperature bulk diffusion data are then fitted with a Hartree–Fock–dispersion–type function to yield an interaction potential that explains most of the properties of this system within the experimental errors and represents an improvement on previously published He–Xe potentials. Helium diffraction measurements are then carried out from the Xe overlayer and the dependence of the specular intensity from the angle of incidence is carefully determined. Further, a He–surface potential is constructed by adding together the following terms: (1) the He–Xe pairwise sum, (2) the long-range He–(0001)C interaction, (3) the three-body contribution generated by the Axilrod–Teller–Muto term, (4) the so-called surface-mediated three-body interaction He–Xe–(0001)C first considered by A. D. McLachlan [Mol. Phys. 7, 381 (1964)], and finally (5) a small correction which is meant to take into account the nonstationary nature of the surface. Using this potential, well-converged close-coupling scattering calculations are carried out, and their results compared with the data. In general, good agreement is obtained. The agreement can, however, be improved by (a) an increase of about 30% in the contribution of three-body forces, (b) the lowering of the He–graphite long-range attraction coefficient by about 15%, or (c) a reduction of the two-body interaction well depth of 1.6% (the experimental error) together with any combination of the factors under (a) and (b) reduced by an adequate amount. Elimination of the contribution of the graphite surface by studying Xe multilayers is hindered by the uncertainties in the "thermal correction'' [point (5) above] which, due to the multilayer increased "softness,'' becomes an appreciable source of uncertainty.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.457364
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local linearization stability (1987)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 28 (1987), S. 1844-1847 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: It is shown that Einstein's equations are always linearization stable around any finite region of space-time. Let (Ω,g0ab ) be any region of space-time, admitting a compact Cauchy surface with nonempty smooth boundary, and with g0ab a sufficiently smooth solution of the vacuum Einstein equation. It is shown that for any solution g1ab of the linearized equation and any open region U⊆Ω, there exists a smooth one-parameter family gλab of solutions on U such that (gλab||λ=0 =g0ab ) ||U and ((d/dλ)gλab =g1ab )||U. By using a result of Choquet-Bruhat and York [The Cauchy Problem, General Relativity and Gravitation, edited by A. Held (Plenum, New York, 1980), Vol. 1] asserting the smoothness of the map that sends initial data into solutions of Einstein's evolution equations the proof of the above theorem is reduced to the proof of a similar theorem for Einstein's constraint equations. The proof of this latter theorem involves the use of the implicit function theorem in Hilbert spaces. This local result on linearization stability asserts, in contrast to the general global case, that linearization about any vacuum solution is locally physically meaningful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.527445
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of splitting the dose of esomeprazole on gastric acidity and nocturnal acid breakthrough (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Twice-daily dosing is increasingly used to improve gastric acid control, although not all proton-pump inhibitors are more effective when doses are split. Standard dose esomeprazole provides better gastric acid control than other standard dose proton-pump inhibitors.Aims : To compare the effect of standard dose esomeprazole (1 × 40 mg) with 20 mg b.d. on gastric acidity.Methods : Thirteen healthy subjects participated in this crossover study, receiving esomeprazole 2 × 20 mg and 1 × 40 mg for 7 days in random order with a washout period of at least 7 days. Gastric 24-h pH was measured on days 1, 2 and 6.Results : Median gastric 24-h pH was higher during 2  × 20 mg esomeprazole on day 2 (P 〈 0.01), no differences were detected on day 6. Night-time gastric acid suppression was significantly improved by 2 × 20 mg esomeprazole on all study days (P 〈 0.05). Nocturnal acid breakthrough was observed on all study days in subjects receiving 1 × 40 mg, but in only 85% (first night), 64% (second night), and 45% of subjects (sixth night) with 2 × 20 mg (P 〈 0.05).Conclusion : Splitting the esomeprazole dose improves initial acid suppression, this effect starts at the first night. Maximal benefit is achieved on day 2, while the effect on night-time acid control is detectable during the entire first week of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01949.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-inflammatory and tissue-protectant drug effects: results from a randomized placebo-controlled trial of gastritis patients at high risk for gastric cancer (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The inflammatory process involving Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis is thought to lead to epithelial damage and contribute to the development of gastric cancer. Evidence exists from animal and in vitro studies suggesting that tetracyclines have both anti-inflammatory and tissue-protectant effects unrelated to their antimicrobial activity. We attempted to modulate components of H. pylori’s inflammatory process by: (i) eliminating the infection; (ii) using tetracycline to alter the host’s reaction to the infection without reducing the bacterial load; and (iii) using calcium to counteract the effect of excessive dietary salt.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:We conducted a 16-week placebo-controlled clinical trial with 374 H. pylori-associated gastritis patients randomly assigned to one of five groups: (1) triple therapy consisting of metronidazole, amoxicillin and bismuth subsalicylate for 2 weeks, followed by bismuth alone for 14 weeks; (2) calcium carbonate; (3) triple therapy and calcium carbonate; (4) tetracycline; or (5) placebo.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Subjects in the tetracycline and triple therapy groups, but not the calcium carbonate only group, showed a reduction in inflammation and epithelial damage vs. those in the placebo group, independent of a change in H. pylori density and other factors. Our results also indicate that epithelial damage may be affected by mechanisms independent of H. pylori density or inflammation.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:The results are consistent with the hypothesis that tetracycline can decrease inflammation independent of a reduction in the bacterial load. More research is needed to investigate mechanisms leading to epithelial damage which are independent of H. pylori density and inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00998.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly conserved and disease-specific patterns of carboxyterminally truncated Aβ peptides 1–37/38/39 in addition to 1–40/42 in Alzheimer's disease and in patients with chronic neuroinflammation (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 81 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Human lumbar CSF patterns of Aβ peptides were analysed by urea-based β-amyloid sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with western immunoblot (Aβ-SDS–PAGE/immunoblot). A highly conserved pattern of carboxyterminally truncated Aβ1–37/38/39 was found in addition to Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42. Remarkably, Aβ1–38 was present at a higher concentration than Aβ1–42, being the second prominent Aβ peptide species in CSF. Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 12) and patients with chronic inflammatory CNS disease (CID, n = 10) were differentiated by unique CSF Aβ peptide patterns from patients with other neuropsychiatric diseases (OND, n = 37). This became evident only when we investigated the amount of Aβ peptides relative to their total Aβ peptide concentration (Aβ1–x%, fractional Aβ peptide pattern), which may reflect disease-specific γ-secretase activities. Remarkably, patients with AD and CID shared elevated Aβ1–38% values, whereas otherwise the patterns were distinct, allowing separation of AD from CID or OND patients without overlap. The presence of one or two ApoE ε4 alleles resulted in an overall reduction of CSF Aβ peptides, which was pronounced for Aβ1–42. The severity of dementia was significantly correlated to the fractional Aβ peptide pattern but not to the absolute Aβ peptide concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00818.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substructure Retrieval by Means of the BASIC Fragment Search Dictionary Based on the Chemical Abstracts Service Chemical Registry III System (1979)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical information and modeling 19 (1979), S. 51-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5142
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci60017a013
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PROTEIN PRODUCTION BY SUCCESSIVE GROWTH OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS AND LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS ON COMBINED FOOD WASTES (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food processing and preservation 1 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4549
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A process was developed for simultaneous utilization of several food wastes and production of single cell protein by successive growth of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus. A collagen-derived substrate, starch, and cheese whey represented food wastes. Growth of B. subtilis on combined wastes yielded a biomass of 3.6 g/l and significantly modified the medium. Other bacilli also had similar potential for altering the original material. After fortification with cheese whey, the modified medium was used for growth of L. acidophilus as a second stage biomass production. Optimal growth conditions were determined. The feasibility of the process will be dependent upon increasing L. acidophilus biomass yields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1977.tb00310.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and polymerase chain reaction typing of Borrelia afzelii from a skin lesion in a seronegative patient with generalized ulcerating bullous lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 144 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A 64-year-old woman presented with bullous and ulcerating lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) on the neck, trunk, genital and perigenital area and the extremities. Histology of lesional skin showed the typical manifestations of LSA; in one of the biopsies spirochaetes were detected by silver staining. Despite treatment with four courses of ceftriaxone with or without methylprednisone for up to 20 days, progression of LSA was only stopped for a maximum of 1 year. Spirochaetes were isolated from skin cultures obtained from enlarging LSA lesions. These spirochaetes were identified as Borrelia afzelii by sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. However, serology for B. burgdorferi sensu lato was repeatedly negative. After one further 28-day course of ceftriaxone the lesions stopped expanding and sclerosis of the skin was diminished. At this time cultures for spirochaetes and PCR of lesional skin for B. afzelii DNA remained negative. These findings suggest a pathogenetic role for B. afzelii in the development of LSA and a beneficial effect of appropriate antibiotic treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04034.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Beeinflussung des90Sr-Stoffwechsels bei der wachsenden Ratte durch fettlösliche Vitamine (1964)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 42 (1964), S. 942-948 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The effect of vitamin D3 on the metabolism of90Sr has been studied on growing rats fed with a diet containing a constant level of90Sr but different amounts of vitamin D3. Physiological doses or slightly enhanced doses of vitamin D3 caused no significant effects. Largely enhanced doses of vitamin D3 caused toxic effects. This had the following consequences for90Sr metabolism: 1. The absorption of90Sr is largely increased, as judged by the reduced excretion with the feces, while growth is delayed and food uptake is insufficient. 2. Retention of90Sr in the skeleton is increased in hypervitaminosis in spite of an insufficient calcification. 3. The level of90Sr in the blood is raised due to the improved Sr absorption caused by vitamin D3. Therefore the renal excretion of90Sr and Ca rises with increasing vitamin doses. 4. Discrimination. The data of mineral metabolism change continously with growing vitamin D3 doses. The efficiency of discrimination by the intestinal epithelium is lowered with increasing doses of vitamin D3. The same holds true for the discrimination in the skeleton. The kidneys are injured by mineral depositions after high doses of vitamin D3. As a consequence the discrimination efficiency decreases.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wachsende Ratten erhielten bei einer konstanten Kontaminierung des Futters mit90Sr verschieden hohe Zufuhren von Vitamin D3. Infolge der Speicherungsmöglichkeit fettlöslicher Vitamine ist eine Hypervitaminose möglich. Der Fall einer Avitaminose wurde nicht untersucht. Fehlt Vitamin D im Futter der Ratte, so tritt bei ausgewogener Mineraldiät keine Rachitis ein. Physiologische und mäßig überhöhte Vitaminierung bringen kaum sichtbare Effekte. Erhöht man die Vitaminzufuhr in unphysiologischer Weise, so treten Vergiftungen und deren Folgeerscheinungen auf. 1. Bei gebremstem Wachstum und unzureichender Futteraufnahme ist dieResorption von 90 Sr stark erhöht, erkennbar an einer deutlich verminderten Ausscheidung in den Faeces. 2. Trotz einer mangelhaften Calcifizierung der organischen Knochenmatrix ist bei Hypervitaminose die90 Sr-Retention, in Prozent des täglichen Angebotes,im Skelet erhöht. 3. Der90 Sr-Blutspiegel ist infolge der vitaminbedingten Verbesserung der90Sr-Resorptionerhöht. Dahersteigt mit zunehmender Vitaminierung dieAusscheidung von 90 Sr durch die Niere, ebenso wie die des Calciums,an. 4.Diskriminierung. Mit der Erhöhung der Vitamin D-Zufuhr verändern sich die Daten des Mineralstoffwechsels kontinuierlich. Vitamin D senkt bei zunehmender Dosierung die Diskriminierungsleistung des Darmepithels (trotz einer erhöhten Resorption). Die Niere wird durch hohe Vitamin D-Gaben in zunehmendem Maße durch Einlagerung von Mineralstoffen geschädigt, so daß die Diskriminierungsleistung rapide absinkt. Die Diskriminierung beim Aufbau des Skelets bezüglich des Nahrungsangebotes verschlechtert sich mit zunehmender Vitamin D-Gabe. Für die Unterstützung dieser Versuche danken wir dem Bundesministerium für wissenschaftliche Forschung. FräuleinA. Bühler danken wir für technische Assistenz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01484420
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über den Stoffwechsel von radioaktiv markiertem Xylit bei der Ratte (1964)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 42 (1964), S. 1073-1077 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary After feeding14C-xylitol to rats about 60% of the label appears as respiratory14CO2 with a half-life time of 400 min. The half-life time of absorption is 7±1 hours. After adaptation to xylitol 70% of the label is exspired with a half-life time of 230 min, the turnover rate having raised 3 times. A similar increase in turnover rate can be observed in alloxan diabetic rats. After intravenous application of xylitol 50% is oxidized to14CO2 and the activity excreted in the urine is somewhat higher than after oral administration. The turnover rate in the steady state during intravenous infusion, showing the maximal capacity of the rat to oxidize xylitol, is 50±5 mg/hr and kg. Healthy animals retain 1/3 of the activity in the carcass, alloxan diabetic rats retain only 1/6 of the dose. 42–96% of the activity in the urine is found in urea. 4–6% of the activity of the administered xylitol is found in liver glycogen, less than 1% in muscle glycogen. Für die Unterstützung bei diesen Versuchen danken wir FräuleinH. Werner für technische Assistenz. Herrn Dr.G. Czok für freundliche Hilfe bei den Tierversuchen, Herrn Prof. Dr.K. H. Bässler für die Überlassung alloxandiabetischer Ratten und FräuleinK. Wagner für die Bestimmung des Blutzuckers.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Verfüttert man erstmalig an Ratten14C-Xylit, so werden rund 60% der Substanz mit einer Halbwertszeit von 400 min oxydiert und als14CO2 ausgeatmet. Für die Resorption bei erstmaliger Gabe haben wir eine Halbwertszeit von 7±1 Std ermittelt. Gibt man im Anschluß an eine Gewöhnung an Xylit ein markiertes Präparat so werden fast 70% der Aktivität mit einer Halbwertszeit von 230 min oxydiert und die Umsatzgeschwindigkeit hat sich verdreifacht. Eine ähnliche Steigerung erfährt die Umsatzgeschwindigkeit im experimentellen Diabetes. Bei parenteraler Verabreichung des Xylits liegt der oxydierte Anteil bei 50%, während die im Harn ausgeschiedene Aktivität höher liegt als bei peroraler Gabe. Die bei parenteraler Verabreichung des Xylits erreichte Umsatzgeschwindigkeit stellt im steady state mit 50±5 mg oxydiertem Xylit/Std und kg Körpergewicht die für die Ratte maximal mögliche dar. Bei gesunden Tieren wird ein Drittel der Aktivität im Carcass retiniert; bei Alloxandiabetes wird nur ein Sechstel der verabreichten Dosis im Carcass retiniert. Die im Harn gesunder Tiere ausgeschiedene Aktivität entfällt im wesentlichen auf das14CO2 des Harnstoffes. Von der als Xylit beigebrachten Aktivität findet sich im Glykogen der Muskulatur weniger als 1%, im Glykogen der Leber 4–6%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01486348
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