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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isomeric Mannich Bases Derived from Ethyl 5-Hydroxy-2-methylindole-3-carboxylate (1967)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 10 (1967), S. 264-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00314a035
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer modeling of negative ion beam formation (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 6210-6226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sources of root-mean-square (RMS) emittance growth are described for negative ion extractors in both volume and surface negative ion sources and plasma low-energy beam transport systems. For surface negative ion sources of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory or Los Alamos National Laboratory [on Los Alamos Meson Particle Facility (LAMPF)], attention is paid to the nonlinear transverse emittance growth mechanism of the beam/warm plasma interaction. In some cases this is a large effect. In addition, non-normal sheath fields at a convertor are examined as a source of emittance growth. For volume sources, attention is paid to aberration production due to field penetration from the extractor, RMS emittance growth enhancement by a negatively biased plasma extraction electrode, and emittance growth caused by transverse extraction across a magnetic field. For both volume and surface sources, RMS emittance growth due to nonlinear aberration at the plasma extraction electrode is analyzed. Time-dependent contributions to emittance growth are also examined. Nonlinear saturation of ion acoustic waves caused by ion extraction from a warm plasma and beam transversal through a plasma are studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342078
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Looping mechanism in Er-doped fluoroindogallate glasses (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 8264-8267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work we report a room temperature green upconversion in Er-doped fluoroindogallate glasses, pumped at 833 nm. The rise time and stationary intensity of the 4S3/2+2H11/2→4I15/2 Er3+ transition as a function of laser intensity were monitored. Some possible pumping mechanisms are discussed in detail, and it is concluded that the main pumping route may be described in terms of the looping mechanism. It is also shown that cross relaxation among neighboring pairs of Er3+ ions is near the threshold value to achieve the photon avalanche region. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373536
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beta-limiting instabilities and global mode stabilization in the National Spherical Torus Experiment : Review,Tutorial and Invited Papers from the 43rd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 2085-2092 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Research on the stability of spherical torus plasmas at and above the no-wall beta limit is being addressed on the National Spherical Torus Experiment [M. Ono et al., Nucl. Fusion 40, 557 (2000)], that has produced low aspect ratio plasmas, R/a∼1.27 at plasma current exceeding 1.4 MA with high energy confinement (TauE/TauE_ITER89P〉2). Toroidal and normalized beta have exceeded 25% and 4.3, respectively, in q∼7 plasmas. The beta limit is observed to increase and then saturate with increasing li. The stability factor βN/li has reached 6, limited by sudden beta collapses. Increased pressure peaking leads to a decrease in βN. Ideal stability analysis of equilibria reconstructed with EFIT [L. L. Lao et al., Nucl. Fusion 25, 1611 (1985)] shows that the plasmas are at the no-wall beta limit for the n=1 kink/ballooning mode. Low aspect ratio and high edge q theoretically alter the plasma stability and mode structure compared to standard tokamak configurations. Below the no-wall limit, stability calculations show the perturbed radial field is maximized near the center column and mode stability is not highly effected by a nearby conducting wall due to the short poloidal wavelength in this region. In contrast, as beta reaches and exceeds the no-wall limit, the mode becomes strongly ballooning with long poloidal wavelength at large major radius and is highly wall stabilized. In this way, wall stabilization is more effective at higher beta in low aspect ratio geometry. The resistive wall mode has been observed in plasmas exceeding the ideal no-wall beta limit and leads to rapid toroidal rotation damping across the plasma core. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1468230
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial physics results from the National Spherical Torus Experiment : The 42nd annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the American Physical Society and the 10th international congress on plasma physics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 1977-1987 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The mission of the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) is to extend the understanding of toroidal physics to low aspect ratio (R/a(similar, equals)1.25) in low collisionality regimes. NSTX is designed to operate with up to 6 MW of high harmonic fast wave (HHFW) heating and current drive, 5 MW of neutral beam injection (NBI) and co-axial helicity injection (CHI) for noninductive startup. Initial experiments focused on establishing conditions that will allow NSTX to achieve its aims of simultaneous high βt and high-bootstrap current fraction, and to develop methods for noninductive operation, which will be necessary for Spherical Torus power plants. Ohmic discharges with plasma currents up to 1 MA and with a range of shapes and configurations were produced. Density limits in deuterium and helium reached 80% and 120% of the Greenwald limit, respectively. Significant electron heating was observed with up to 2.3 MW of HHFW. Up to 270 kA of toroidal current for up to 200 ms was produced noninductively using CHI. Initial NBI experiments were carried out with up to two beam sources (3.2 MW). Plasmas with stored energies of up to 140 kJ and βt=21% were produced. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1343089
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transitionless enhanced confinement and the role of radial electric field shear (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 615-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Evidence is presented for the role of radial electric field shear in enhanced confinement regimes attained without sharp bifurcations or transitions. Temperature scans at constant density, created in the reheat phase following deuterium pellet injection into supershot plasmas in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor [J. D. Strachan, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1004 (1987)] are simulated using a physics-based transport model. The slow reheat of the ion temperature profile, during which the temperature nearly doubles, is not explained by relatively comprehensive models of transport due to Ion Temperature Gradient Driven Turbulence (ITGDT), which depends primarily on the (unchanging) electron density gradient. An extended model, including the suppression of toroidal ITGDT by self-consistent radial electric field shear, does reproduce the reheat phase. The extended reheat at constant density is observed in supershot but not L-Mode plasmas. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873867
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear evolution of double tearing modes in tokamaks (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 4112-4120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Δ′ formalism with neoclassical modifications has proven to be a useful tool in the study of tearing modes in high β, collisionless plasmas. In this paper the formalism developed for the inclusion of neoclassical effects on tearing modes in monotonic q-profile plasmas is extended to plasmas with hollow current profiles and double rational surfaces. First, the classical formalism of tearing modes in the Rutherford regime in low beta plasmas is extended to q profiles with two rational surfaces and it is shown that this formalism is readily extended to include neoclassical effects. The evolution of a double tearing mode on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor is then simulated. Reasonable agreement is found for the outer island, but the stabilizing effect of the neoclassical term is overly large for the inner island. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1289893
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic diagnostics and feedback control on TFTR (invited) (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 941-946 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The various operating modes of TFTR require the use of a sophisticated system of magnetic diagnostics integrated with a feedback control system. This system has successfully controlled the plasma current and position over a range of major and minor radii, during strong compression, and will soon be used during intense neutral beam heating. Current and position values are held constant to within 2 kA and 1 cm. A wide variety of preoperational field measurements were required to determine proper compensation for dynamic stray fields due to eddy currents. Data from plasma profile diagnostics, such as bolometer arrays, Thomson scattering, soft x-ray diode array, and the scanning radiometer, have been compared to the absolute position deduced from magnetics. In addition to control functions, magnetic diagnostics on TFTR provide data on plasma current asymmetry, βθ, MHD fluctuations, loop voltage, and flux consumption. This paper will discuss the mechanical and electronic design constraints, as well as the analytic and calibration techniques required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138056
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Routine pre-oxygenation – a new ‘minimum standard’ of care? (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03971.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiencies on mortality, growth and gill structure in the turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 26 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The preparation of fish oil concentrates containing only (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with different ratios of 20:5 (n-3)/22:6 (n-3) is described. Three groups of turbot were maintained on different diets containing: 1, 10% of the dry weight of the diet as natural fish oil, equivalent to 2.5% (n-3) PUFA and 0–23% (n-6) PUFA; 2, 10% of the dry weight of the diet as palmitic acid, i.e. no PUFA; 3, 8–7% palmitic acid and 1–3% of the dry weight as (n-3 PUFA and negligible (n-6) PUFA. Only the fish on the diet containing natural fish oil showed significant growth over a 15-week period. In addition there were high mortalities on the two experimental diets (2 and 3). Changing the ratio of 20:5 (n-3)/22:6 (n-3) from 13–8 to 2–2 in the diet containing 1 3% (n-3) PUFA and negligible (n-6) PUFA markedly decreased the mortalities. Fish fed the two experimental diets (2 and 3) developed gross changes in gill structure involving the disappearance of chloride cells, a ‘sloughing off’ of the epithelium along the primary and secondary filaments and an accumulation of cellular material in the inter-lamellar spaces. The tissue ultimately disintegrated to leave a skeleton of connective tissue and a mass of cellular material in the inter-lamellar spaces. It is concluded that 22:6 (n-3) is an essential fatty acid for turbot and that the gill epithelium is a sensitive indicator of this deficiency in this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1985.tb04255.x
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