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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid state polymerization of cyanoacetylene into conjugated linear chains under pressure (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 778-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyanoacetylene underwent polymerization reaction in a solid phase at pressures above 1.5 GPa. The Raman study of the reaction product showed that the polymer had a conjugated linear backbone with CN pendant groups. The Raman spectra for this substituted polyacetylene demonstrated a resonance behavior similar to that reported for trans-polyacetylene. The optical gap associated with the π–π* transition in the conjugated system was smaller than that of trans-polyacetylene, probably due to the resonance interactions between the CN triple bonds and the conjugated double bonds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.457130
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman study of the solid-state polymerization of acetylene at high pressure (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 529-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mechanism and kinetics of the pressure-induced polymerization of acetylene were studied by Raman spectroscopy. The polymerization reaction occurred in the orthorhombic phase at room temperature and pressures above 3.5 GPa. Dominant formation of trans-polyacetylene suggested that the monomer underwent trans opening of the triple bond and polymerized along the diagonal of the bc plane of the unit cell. The reaction was described as an idealized one-step and one-dimensional growth process by an Avrami equation with an exponent 1.34.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.455441
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-pressure Raman study of liquid and crystalline C2H2 (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 4565-4568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Raman spectra were measured for liquid (0–0.7 GPa), crystalline cubic (0.7–0.9 GPa), and orthorhombic (0.9–3.5 GPa) phases in C2H2 at room temperature. For the orthorhombic phase, the high-pressure behavior of the librational and internal vibrations was obtained in a wide pressure range. The frequencies of all the librational modes increased monotonically with pressure, while those of the internal modes showed a variety of frequency shifts depending on vibrational mode. These high-pressure data will be of great use for the construction of theoretical models for the intermolecular interactions in crystalline C2H2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.453768
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-pressure Raman study of a one-dimensional hydrogen-bonded crystal of cyanoacetylene (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 2814-2817 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: At room temperature, cyanoacetylene undergoes a liquid–solid transition at 70±30 MPa and further a polymerization reaction at 1.5 GPa. Raman spectra indicates that the crystal structure of the high-pressure phase is isomorphic with the monoclinic low-temperature structure (P21/m, Z=2), in which linear cyanoacetylene molecules are joined with CH NC hydrogen bonds to form infinite one-dimensional chains. The internal stretching frequency of the C–H proton donor decreases wtih increasing pressure, while that of the C 3/4 N proton acceptor increases. The librational modes associated with the rotational motions of the rigid molecules show large shifts to higher frequencies with pressure. The observed frequency shifts are attributed to the strengthening of the CH⋅⋅⋅NC hydrogen bond in the one-dimensional molecular chain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.456950
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the Hugoniot equation of state in laser-driven shock experiments by a line-imaging optically recording velocity interferometer system (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 4674-4676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: As a new technique for the measurements of the Hugoniot equation of state in laser-driven shock experiments, a line-imaging optically recording velocity interferometer system (Line-ORVIS) is developed and applied to investigate the Hugoniot of nitrobenzene. The experimental result agrees with the previous data obtained by another method. Thus, it is suggested that a Line-ORVIS is effective for the measurements of the Hugoniot equation of state in laser-driven shock experiments. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1322574
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous observations of temporally and spatially resolved electron temperatures of both circular central-cell and elliptical anchor-region plasmas in GAMMA 10 : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 1193-1196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The first results of simultaneous observations of temporally and spatially resolved electron temperatures (Te) in both circularly shaped central-cell and elliptically shaped anchor regions are reported in the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror. A data set is provided using a novel matrix-type x-ray semiconductor detector. The detector has seven "matrix columns" for the measurement of plasma x-ray profiles along with six "matrix rows" for simultaneous analyses of six different x-ray-energy ranges by the fabrication of six different thicknesses of SiO2 semiconductor surface layers from 1 to 495 nm as ultrathin and unbreakable "x-ray absorption filters." Such a matrix idea enables us to analyze x-ray tomography data in the Te region down to a few tens of eV. Simultaneous application of the x-ray detectors in the central-cell and the anchor region gives information on not only detailed electron behavior in each region but also the mutually communicating relation between the two regions: The role of the anchor-region plasmas in magnetohydrodynamic plasma stabilization in the central-cell plasmas is confirmed by the data from these detailed simultaneous electron observations. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1322620
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of x-ray-energy responses of semiconductor detectors under deuterium–tritium fusion-produced neutron irradiation : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 805-808 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For the purpose of investigating fusion-produced neutron effects on semiconductor x-ray detectors, detection characteristics of x-ray tomography detectors used before and after deuterium–tritium (DT) and/or DD fusion-plasma experiments in the Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak are studied using synchrotron radiation from a 2.5 GeV positron storage ring at the Photon Factory. Degradations in the responses after neutron exposure into the detectors are found to have functional dependence on x-ray energy. Changes in the depletion thicknesses of the detectors are investigated by means of impedance analyses. The Fusion Neutronics Source (FNS) facility of the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute is also employed for well calibrated DT fusion-produced neutron irradiation onto these semiconductor x-ray detectors. Recovery of the response degradation is found due to a method for supplying the operational bias to the degraded detector. Our theory is applied to interpret these detector characteristics under the irradiation of DT fusion-produced neutrons in the JET tokamak and the FNS facility. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1319872
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a high-current laser ion source for induction accelerators : The 8th international conference on ion sources (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 1216-1218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have developed a high-current laser ion source that can provide low-charge-state ions for induction accelerators. A frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (λ=532 nm) irradiated a copper target with relatively low intensities of 108–109 W/cm2. The laser-produced plasma supplied a large number of Cu+ and Cu2+ ions over 1014 ions/cm2 at a distance of 10 cm from the target. We have successfully extracted high-current copper beams over 0.1 A/cm2 using an inductive acceleration module. The beam emittance measured by a pepper-pot method was about 40 πmm mrad. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150437
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluid-rock history of granulite facies humite-marbles from Ambasamudram, southern India. (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 19 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: An extensive humite-bearing marble horizon within a supracrustal sequence at Ambasamudram, southern India, was studied using petrological and stable isotopic techniques to define its metamorphic history and fluid characteristics. At peak metamorphic temperatures of 775±73°C, based on calcite-graphite carbon isotope thermometry, the mineral assemblages suggest layer-by-layer control of fluid compositions. Clinohumite + calcite-bearing assemblages suggest XCO2 〈 0.4 (at 700°C and 5 kbar), calcite + forsterite + K-feldspar-bearing assemblages suggest XCO2〉0.9 (at 790°C); and local wollastonite + scapolite + grossular-bearing zones formed at XCO2 of c. 0.3. Retrograde reaction textures such as scapolite + quartz symplectites after feldspar and calcite and replacement of dolomite + diopside or tremolite+dolomite after calcite+forsterite or calcite+clinohumite are indicative of retrogression under high XCO2 conditions. Calcite preserves late Proterozoic carbon and oxygen isotopic signatures and the marble lacks evidence for extensive retrograde fluid infiltration, while during prograde metamorphism the possible infiltration of aqueous fluids did not produce significant isotopic resetting. Isotopic zonation of calcite and graphite grains was likely produced by localized CO2 fluid infiltration during retrogression. Contrary to the widespread occurrence of humite-marbles related to retrograde aqueous fluid infiltration, the Ambasamudram humite-marbles record a prograde-to-peak metamorphic humite formation and retrogression under conditions of low XH2O.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0263-4929.2001.00318.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flyer acceleration by a high-power KrF laser with a long pulse duration (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 2943-2947 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The experiments of flyer acceleration by the irradiation of a high power laser are carried out using the ASHURA system at the Electrotechnical Laboratory, in which the laser has a short wavelength (∼249 nm) and a long pulse duration (∼30 ns). Three-layered targets (aluminum–polyimide–tantalum) are irradiated. The laser ablates the aluminum and polyimide layers and the rear layer (tantalum) is accelerated as a flyer. It is suggested that the tantalum flyer is in a condensed state for the duration of flight. The flyer velocity estimated from the acceleration profile is at least 8 km/s. One-dimensional numerical simulation indicates that the terminal flyer velocity becomes higher than 15 km/s. The energy conversion from laser energy to flyer kinetic energy is more efficient than that in the previous experiments using the three-layered targets with a longer wavelength and a shorter pulse duration (1–2 ns). Thus, it is found that a facility with a long pulse duration and a short wavelength is suitable for the realization of a fast flyer keeping its state in a condensed phase. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1287219
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