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Attract and kill: a new method for control of the codling moth Cydia pomonella (2000)

Charmillot, P.-J. ; Hofer, D. ; Pasquier, D.

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 94 (2000), S. 211-216

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Keywords: Cydia pomonella ; attract and kill ; codlemone ; permethrin ; sex trapping ; tethered female

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The attract and kill technique has been formulated in a product under the trade name `Sirene CM®'. It consists of a viscous paste containing 0.16% codlemone to attract the male moths and 6.0% permethrin to kill them. The formulation is applied by hand twice per season using a specially developed system which can be calibrated for application of the paste to the host plant in small droplets of either 100 μl or 50 μl. Between 1995 and 1997, 15 trials on control of the codling moth were conducted in isolated orchards in the Lake Geneva region. In each plot, depending on tree size, two applications varying between 52 and 537 g ha−1 of Sirene CM were made. In 14 trials, the larval attack of the codling moth on fruit was below the economic threshold of 1% and the hibernating population stayed at a low level. One single plot (0.4 ha) had to be treated with a curative spray in 1995, because the initial population was much too high. According to the reductions in trap catch and of mating frequency measured by tethered codling moth females, efficiency of the attract and kill droplets lasted 5–7 weeks, after which it decreased slowly.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003959530987

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Molecular orbital analysis of the XPS spectrum of a fluorine containing polyimide: PMDA-BDAF (1988)

Silverman, B. D. ; Sanda, P. N. ; Clabes, J. G. ; [et al.]

Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 1199-1205

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ISSN: 0887-624X

Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: The results of XPS measurements and molecular orbital calculations performed on the fluorine containing polyimide, PMDA-BDAF, are presented. The calculated carbon 1s (C1s) core energy level positions are compared with the level positions inferred from the XPS measurements. Within Koopman's approximation, the observed shape of the main XPS peak is consistent with the calculated distribution of C1s levels under this peak. Comparison of the magnitude of the carbonyl XPS peak intensity with the main peak intensity indicates a carbonyl C1s signal deficiency compared with that expected for “ideal bulk stoichiometry” i.e., for a polymer with no crosslinks or chain terminations. Comparison of data obtained from a grazing emission (surface sensitive) geometry with that obtained from a normal emission geometry, which probes more deeply into the bulk, indicates a signal enhancement of the C1s levels associated with carbon atoms of the CF3 groups as one nears the polymer surface. Such enhancement might be due to either actual differences in chemical composition, or to preferential structural ordering near the polymer surface.

Additional Material: 3 Ill.