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A model of characteristic earthquakes and its implications for regional seismicity (2004)

López-Ruiz, Ricardo ; Vázquez-Prada, Miguel ; Gómez, Javier B. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Terra nova 16 (2004), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3121

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Regional seismicity (i.e. that averaged over large enough areas over long enough periods of time) has a size–frequency relationship, the Gutenberg–Richter law, which differs from that found for some seismic faults, the Characteristic Earthquake relationship. But all seismicity comes in the end from active faults, so the question arises of how one seismicity pattern could emerge from the other. The recently introduced Minimalist Model of Vázquez-Prada et al. of characteristic earthquakes provides a simple representation of the seismicity originating from a single fault. Here, we show that a Characteristic Earthquake relationship together with a fractal distribution of fault lengths can accurately describe the total seismicity produced in a region. The resulting earthquake catalogue accounts for the addition of both all the characteristic and all the non-characteristic events triggered in the faults. The global accumulated size–frequency relationship strongly depends on the fault length fractal exponent and, for fractal exponents close to 2, correctly describes a Gutenberg–Richter distribution with a b exponent compatible with real seismicity.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.2004.00538.x

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Calorimetric study of the effect of N-methylation in azoles: Loss of an active centre of solvation (1989)

Catalan, Javier ; Cabildo, Pilar ; Elguero, José ; [et al.]

Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 2 (1989), S. 646-652

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ISSN: 0894-3230

Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics

Notes: Using a series of equations connecting experimental and theoretical values, it is possible to discuss the origin of the N-methylation effect in azoles dissolved in water and dimethyl sulphoxide. The existence in the azoles studied of a linear relationship between the gas → solution transfer enthalpies and the charge on the pyrrole hydrogen atom demonstrated the fundamental importance of the loss of an active centre for solvation. For the imidazole-N-methylimidazole pair, the complete thermochemical cycle has been determined, allowing the apparent lack of an effect of N-methylation on the basicity in solution to be discussed.

Additional Material: 2 Ill.