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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimizing data recording for the NIF core diagnostic x-ray streak camera : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 751-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Quantitative measurements of the sensitivity, dynamic range, and image resolution of a Nova secondary ion mass-based x-ray streak camera have been made. Comparisons were made using film versus a 4k×4k optical charge-coupled device for data readout. These tests were performed with and without an optical image intensifier tube, and with a direct electron-sensitive microchannel plate. We present results from these tests and recommendations for the National Ignition Facility core x-ray streak camera. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1318263
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    VISAR for measuring equation of state and shock propagation in liquid deuterium (abstract) : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 1038-1038 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Initial laser-driven equation of state (EOS) experiments on liquid deuterium employed x-ray radiography to track the shock and particle speeds in the shock compressed sample. With the high pressures available with laser drivers we found that it is also possible to track the shock front directly with a velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR) because the shock front reflects light across the visible spectrum with reflectance around 50% for shocks stronger than 50 GPa in liquid deuterium. We have observed similar reflectances in other dielectric samples, such as diamond, LiF, and water. The pressure required to produce a reflecting shock varies with each material. This phenomenon allows us to design impedance-matched EOS experiments using velocity interferometry to measure the propagation speed in the transparent shocked materials, and step breakout measurements to determine the speed in the pusher. In a different kind of experiment we have observed double shock compression in liquid deuterium by impacting a shock in liquid deuterium at a LiF anvil placed in the liquid sample. VISAR can be used to track the shock in the deuterium as well as the motion of the deuterium–LiF interface subsequent to impact. This allows us to diagnose double-shock states using the VISAR technique. As a final example VISAR can be used to track shock overtake events such as produced by shaped pulse compression or shock reverberation effects in the accelerating pusher. This capability is directly applicable to shock timing experiments needed to tune the drive pulse for inertial confinement fusion capsules on the National Ignition Facility. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1326011
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UNDERGROUND GRAVITY SURVEY IN ALPINE REGIONS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 29 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An underground gravity study was carried out under extreme conditions of the Alpine regions. The lead–zinc mine Bleiberg, Carinthia, was selected as an example to show the possibilities and limitations of the subsurface gravity method. For in situ density determinations, gravity measurements were made in two vertical mine shafts passing through Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Bleiberg Unit. The main prblem in gravity data reduction in extremely rugged topography is the accurate calculation of the terrain effect on underground stations. A general discussion of the various corrections required for the gravity measurements in the mine is presented. The mean interval densities in the two shafts, in limestone, dolomite, and schists formations, were determined as 2.76 and 2.77 g/cm3, respectively, with an accuracy of better than 0.01 g/cm3 for a depth interval of 50 m. The interval densities provide valuable information about the lithological and structural changes in the shaft surroundings and also agree well with the representative hand sample densities.In the second part, the applications of subsurface horizontal gravity surveys in exploration are discussed. Since the influence of topography is less underground because of the greater distance to the surface, subsurface surveys have definite advantages over surface surveys and can be very helpful in locating anomalous density zones in the mines. An example of gravity survey with a station spacing of 10 m at a depth of about 540 m is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1981.tb01021.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in melanoma (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 142 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03327.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A direct electron bombarded charge coupled device for dynamic plasma imaging applications (abstract) : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 651-651 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A variety of plasma physics experiments require the recording of continuous time history of x-ray emission. Many laboratories have developed x-ray streak camera technology in order to time resolve x-ray spectra or images produced by laser-driven plasma experiments. These cameras record x rays by converting photons to electrons, which in turn are focused and swept across an electron sensitive area detector as a function of time. X-ray photons impinging on a transmission type photocathode generate photoelectrons which are accelerated to energies between 10 and 20 keV and focused onto a phosphor screen. The light from the phosphor image may be intensified using a microchannel plate, and is usually optically coupled directly onto film or an optical charge coupled device. We have designed and built an x-ray sensitive streak camera readout where we replaced the microchannel plate based intensifier and film package with a modified charge coupled device area detector to directly absorb accelerated photoelectrons emitted from the cathode. This system has been integrated into the streak tube arrangement. We will present a set of system performance data, which have been obtained from both bench top experiments on a dc source and dynamic measurements at the Nova laser facility. X-ray images at various exposure times show better spatial resolution, improved signal to noise ratio, and higher dynamic range. Other advantages include instantaneous data readout, which enables fast postprocessing, and no increase in overall cost for an engineered system. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1323481
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual clinical presentation in a case of contact dermatitis due to corticosteroids diagnosed by ROAT (2001)
    Copenhagen : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 44 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.4402098.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A response to a response to ‘The use of remifentanil for intubation in paediatric patients during sevoflurane anaesthesia guided by Bispectral Index (BIS) monitoring’, Weber F, Füssel U, Gruber M and Hobbhahn J, Anaesthesia 2003; 58: 746–55 (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2003.03626.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of case based reasoning to decision support in new product development (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 14 (2003), S. 36-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: This paper describes the application of case based reasoning (CBR) to decision support for design managers and engineers during the early phases of new product development projects, in a concurrent engineering environment. The paper discusses the rationale of using CBR, emphasising its suitability for ill-defined, unstructured problems, in comparison with traditional knowledge-based systems. The overall research approach is presented, the importance of case collection, case base maintenance and user training is highlighted and the pre-requisites for effective use of the system are discussed. Finally, the benefits and costs of the CBR system, as perceived by the user companies, are discussed. The experimental nature of the approach is emphasised and it is shown that the industrial environment for which the system is designed and in which it is used has great bearing on its capability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060310453335
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human papillomavirus infection in Netherton’s syndrome (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 144 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Netherton’s syndrome (NS) is a hereditary disorder with dermatological signs (e.g. ichthyosis) and a complex immunological dysfunction. In immunodeficient individuals human papillomavirus (HPV) types are associated with carcinomas on non-mucosal sites. Objectives To study the presence of HPV infection in different skin lesions of three male NS patients and to investigate a possible association between HPV and malignancies in NS. Methods Patient 1 had extraordinary widespread multiple skin carcinomas on sunlight-exposed areas, as well as common viral warts. Patient 2 showed disseminated viral plane warts that resolved spontaneously, and patient 3 was free of skin lesions suspicious for HPV infection; only pseudoepitheliomatous wart-like lesions as a symptom of ichthyosis were apparent. We performed nested polymerase chain reaction analysis of DNA from benign and malignant skin lesions and HPV-8 serology in these three patients. Results Antibodies to HPV-8 were not detectable in our patients; however, seven of 22 (31%) biopsies of the three NS patients were positive for HPV DNA. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) -associated HPV types and normal cutaneous types (HPV-2, HPV-28) were detected. Interestingly, only the patient with cutaneous carcinomas harboured, preferentially in malignant lesions, EV-HPV types (HPV-19, 23, 38 and HPV-RTRX9, closely related to EV-HPVs), whereas plane warts of patient 2 were positive for HPV-28. The pseudoepitheliomatous skin lesions were HPV-DNA negative in all investigated probes. Conclusions These data in NS patients further confirm an association of EV-HPVs with non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and suggest a possible carcinogenic role similar to that assumed for NMSC in transplant recipients. A complex immunological disorder facilitating EV-HPV infection, negative HPV serology and photochemotherapy may all have contributed to the unusual occurrence of multiple cancers in one of our NS patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04196.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphocytic infiltration of the skin is a photosensitive variant of lupus erythematosus: evidence by phototesting (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 144 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Lymphocytic infiltration of the skin (LIS) is a disorder in which photosensitivity has been suspected but never proven. Objectives To carry out a systematic photobiological investigation in patients with LIS and to compare the photobiological features of LIS with those of other photosensitive disorders. Methods We performed provocative phototesting with ultraviolet (UV) A and UVB in 10 patients with active LIS. Results In all patients, UVA and/or UVB elicited abnormal papular phototest reactions resembling lesions of LIS both clinically and histologically. Lesions typically developed 3–6 days (mean ± SD 100·8 ± 20·9 h) after the first UV exposure. Conclusions This characteristic latency interval together with certain clinical features, i.e. onset in summer, predilection for the face and persistence of the lesions, indicate that LIS is a photosensitive disorder distinct from polymorphic light eruption but indistinct from lupus erythematosus (LE). Both our photobiological findings and the effective treatment with hydroxychloroquine in half of our patients strengthen the proposal that the two entities LIS and LE tumidus are identical. As diagnosis cannot be made by histological, immunofluorescence or laboratory criteria, provocative phototesting may be a diagnostic aid in this disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04017.x
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