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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local vibrational modes of carbon in GaSb and GaAsSb (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 1942-1944 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have measured the Raman spectra of heavily carbon doped (p〉1019 cm−3) GaSb and GaAsSb. A local vibrational mode (LVM) due to carbon residing on group-V lattice sites was observed at 540 cm−1 for GaSb and 568 cm−1 for GaAs0.44Sb0.56. A gap mode at 164 cm−1 was observed for GaSb. The frequency of the LVM as well as the gap mode is in quantitative agreement with recent theoretical predictions. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1461871
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tellurium antisites in CdZnTe (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 2728-2730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electrical properties of CdTe and Cd1−xZnxTe crystals grown under excess tellurium by a modified Bridgman technique are critically dependent on the zinc content. Below an x value of 0.07, the as-grown CdZnTe crystals are n type while, above this value, CdZnTe crystals are p type. The origin of the shallow donor level at 0.01 eV below the conduction band is most likely singly ionized Te antisites (Te at Cd sites). The origin of the deep donor level at 0.75 eV below the conduction band is therefore doubly ionized tellurium antisites. Based on this model, the conduction type of CdZnTe crystals is determined by the results of compensation between the shallow donors of Te antisites and the shallow acceptors of Cd vacancies. High resistivity Cd0.9Zn0.1Te crystals are produced by compensating the p-type crystals with indium impurity at a low doping level of 1–5×1015 cm−3. At room temperature, CdZnTe radiation detectors can resolve the six low energy peaks in the 241Am spectrum, a performance comparable to that of the best CdZnTe detectors reported. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1412588
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between surface step structure and phase separation in epitaxial GaInAsSb (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 2077-2079 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A strong correlation between the surface step structure and phase separation in metastable GaInAsSb epitaxial layers grown by organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy is reported. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the 4 K photoluminescence (PL) peak energy is used as a semiquantitative measure of the degree of phase separation: FWHM values increase with phase separation. The step structure of GaInAsSb grown at 525 °C is vicinal, while it is step bunched for layers grown at 575 °C. The corresponding 4 K PL FWHM data indicate smaller FWHM values for layers grown at the lower temperature, and suggest a lower degree of phase separation. Extreme PL broadening is associated with an aperiodic surface structure. Furthermore, the PL FWHM values decrease when the growth rate increases from 1.2 to 5 μm/h. It is proposed that longer adatom lifetimes, which are associated with longer terrace lengths of a step-bunched surface compared to a vicinal one, allow more time for the adatoms to reach equilibrium and thus phase separate. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126260
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure of Grain-Boundary-Segregated Y and Zr in Creep-Resistant Alumina (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) depends on stereochemical features of coordination polyhedra around probe atoms. K-edge XANES of Y and Zr segregated in alumina grain boundaries has been obtained and analyzed using metallic Y and Zr, Y2O3, YAG, and monoclinic ZrO2 as standards. Grain-boundary-segregated Y and Zr show a positive chemical shift, and the magnitude of the shift, as compared with that of Y2O3 and ZrO2, respectively, is different for Y and Zr, indicating that, relative to Y2O3 and ZrO2, charge transfers for the grain-boundary-segregated Y and Zr are different. This result is also supported by the strength of the threshold resonance. A pre-edge shoulder is seen in K-edge XANES for grain-boundary-segregated Y and Zr but not for Y2O3 and ZrO2. This shoulder is attributed to the 1s→ 4d transition, which is normally forbidden, but can occur because of d–p mixing, which is favored by a tetrahedral coordination configuration. These results suggest that some of the grain-boundary-segregated Y and Zr have coordination configurations with a well-defined tetrahedral symmetry. The XANES results are compared with those obtained from EXAFS. Implications of these results for understanding of the enhanced creep resistance in alumina are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00486.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of retainer thickness on posterior resin-banded prostheses: a finite element study (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  According to its design concept, a resin-bonded prosthesis, compared with the conventional fixed partial denture, is a weak and unstable structure. Therefore, a resin-bonded prosthesis induces a higher failure rate, especially in the posterior region. Recently, adhesion agents have been profoundly improved. However, the design guidelines of posterior resin-bonded prostheses (RBP) have seldom been evaluated from a biomechanical perspective. The objective of this study was to investigate the biomechanical effects of the retainer thickness on posterior RBP using the finite element method. A solid model of a posterior mandibular resin-bonded prosthesis, which employed the second molar and second premolar as the abutment teeth, was constructed and meshed with various retainer thickness (ranging from 0·2 to 1·0 mm). Horizontal and vertical loadings of 200 N were applied respectively at the central fossa of the pontic to examine the stress level at the interface between the retainer and abutment teeth. All exterior nodes in the root, below the cementoenamel junction were fixed as the boundary condition. The results showed that horizontal loading would induce higher interfacial stresses than the vertical loading which indicated that the horizontal component of the occlusal force plays a more important role in evaluating the debonding phenomenon. Further, the peak interfacial stresses increased as the retainer thickness decreased and, based on the fitted relation between retainer thickness and interfacial stresses, a 0·4 mm retainer thickness was suggested as the minimum required to prevent severe interfacial stresses increasing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01346.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of prophylactic metaraminol on systemic hypotension caused by induction of anaesthesia with propofol in patients over 55 years old* (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We conducted a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study evaluating the efficacy of prophylactic metaraminol for preventing propofol-induced hypotension. Thirty patients aged 55–75 years undergoing general anaesthesia were randomly allocated to receive either metaraminol 0.5 mg or saline before administration of fentanyl 1 µg.kg−1 and propofol 2 mg.kg−1. Induction of anaesthesia was associated with a decrease in mean and systolic arterial pressure in both groups (p = 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups. These results show that prophylactic use of metaraminol 0.5 mg does not prevent the decrease in blood pressure following fentanyl and propofol induction in older patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2001.02059-4.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypoxia during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with and without sedation and the effect of pre-oxygenation on oxygen saturation (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In Study A, the incidence of arterial oxygen desaturation was studied using pulse oximetry (Sao2) in 100 sedated and 100 nonsedated patients breathing room air who underwent diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Hypoxia (Sao2 92% or less of at least 15 s duration) occurred in 17% and 6% of sedated patients and nonsedated patients, respectively (p 〈 0.03). Mild desaturation (Sao2 94% or less and less than 15 s duration) occurred in 47% of sedated patients compared with 12% of nonsedated patients (p 〈 0.001). In Study B, the effects of supplementary oxygen therapy and the effects of different pre-oxygenation times on arterial oxygen saturation (Sao2) in sedated patients were studied using pulse oximetry. One hundred and twenty patients who underwent diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with intravenous sedation were studied. Patients were randomly allocated to one of four groups: Group A (n = 30) received no supplementary oxygen while Groups B–D received supplementary oxygen at 4 l.min−1 via nasal cannulae. The pre-oxygenation time in Group B (n = 30) was zero minutes, Group C (n = 30) was 2 min and Group D (n = 30) was 5 min before sedation and introduction of the endoscope. Hypoxia occurred in seven of the 30 patients in Group A and none in groups B, C and D (p 〈 0.001). We conclude that desaturation and hypoxia is common in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with and without sedation. Sedation significantly increases the incidence of desaturation and hypoxia. Supplementary nasal oxygen at 4 l.min−1 in sedated patients abolishes desaturation and hypoxia. Pre-oxygenation confers no additional benefit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01520.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in size and growth rates of male and female migrating Japanese eels in Pearl River, China (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 57 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The Sr/Ca ratios in otoliths of silver Japanese eels Anguilla japonica, in Pearl River, China, indicated that both sexes did not stay in brackish water and grew in fresh water from the glass eel stage until spawning migration. This did not support the hypothesis that females tended to distribute upstream and males might be restricted to estuaries. The back-calculated total length of males at glass eel stage was not significantly different from that of females, indicating that the hypothesis that small glass eels became males and larger ones became females may not be true. The mean (±S.D.) age and total length of males at migration were 6·4±1·6 years and 48·3±4·5 cm, which were significantly smaller than for females, 8·3±1·6 years and 61·4±4·1 cm. The age of migration was related inversely to growth rate for both sexes. Growth parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth equation were K=0·21 cm year°1, L∞=55·7 cm and to=-0·55 year for males and K=0·14 cm year−1, L∞=77·5 cm and to=-0·60 year for females. The difference in asymptotic length (L∞) between males and females may be because females postpone migration to achieve larger size for maximizing reproductive success.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb00484.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological Properties of Chitosan and its Interaction with Porcine Myofibrillar Proteins as Influenced by Chitosan's Degree of Deacetylation and Concentration (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 68 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rheological and gelation characteristics of a specific degree of deacetylation (dd 50 to 99) and concentration (0.5% to 1.5%) of chitosan and chitosan/SSP (salt-soluble protein) mixtures were studied. Results suggested that SSP thermal gelation was interfered with by the positive charges of amino groups of the chitosan molecule. Regardless of degree of deacetylation, increasing chitosan concentration caused stronger interference on SSP gelation and lowered complex modulus [G*]. Loss tangent of chitosan/SSP gel decreased with increasing temperature. Higher level (1.5%) of dd 99 chitosan had the lowest G*, which resulted from ionic interaction with SSP. SDS-PAGE revealed protein aggregation, indicating possible covalent bond formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb08250.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Analytical Method for Soy Saponins by HPLC/ELSD (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 69 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : A high-performance liquid chromatography/evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC/ELSD) method was developed to determine natural forms of soyasaponin B with (αg, βg, βa, γg, γya) and without (V, I, II, III, IV) 2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) in soybean. The coefficient of variance of intra-day assays was 〈 9.51% and that of inter-day assays was 〈 10.91%. The soyasaponin I was used as external standard for quantification of all soyasaponins because it was established that their ELSD signal responses were essentially the same under the specific operating conditions. The extraction conditions were optimized and the extract storage conditions were established for analysis of soyasaponin Bs in their natural state. The energy of activation of soyasaponin Pg was 40.76 kJ/mol. The recovery rates for soyasaponin I and II were 98.3% and 93.1%, respectively. The average of total soyasaponins content from 5 soybean samples was 3.37 μmol/g with ranges from 2.78 to 4.03 μmol/g. This method is simple and easy to use, and the sample preparation takes less time than existing methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb10988.x
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