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  • 2000-2004  (5)
  • 1915-1919  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Dynamic Model to Assess Microbial Health Risks Associated with Beneficial Uses of Biosolids (2004)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
    Risk analysis 24 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: There is increasing interest in the development of a microbial risk assessment methodology for regulatory and operational decision making. This document presents a methodology for assessing risks to human health from pathogen exposure using a population-based model that explicitly accounts for properties unique to an infectious disease process, specifically secondary transmission and immunity. To demonstrate the applicability of this risk-based method, numerical simulations were carried out for a case study example in which the route of exposure was direct consumption of biosolids-amended soil and the pathogen present in the soil was enterovirus. The output from the case study yielded a decision tree that differentiates between conditions in which the relative risk from biosolids exposure is high and those conditions in which the relative risk from biosolids is low. This decision tree illustrates the interaction among the important factors in quantifying risk. For the case study example, these factors include biosolids treatment processes, the pathogen shedding rate of infectious individuals, secondary transmission, and immunity. Further refinement in methods for determining biosolids exposures under field conditions would certainly increase the utility of these approaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00425.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in somatodendritic but not terminal dopamine
regulation in aged rhesus monkeys (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 80 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: For these studies, young (8–9 years), middle-aged (14–17 years) and aged (23–28 years) rhesus monkeys were used as a model of normal aging in humans to investigate changes in dopamine (DA)-containing neurons in senescence. Aged monkeys exhibited significant age-related motoric declines as compared to the young animals. In vivo microdialysis studies showed that basal levels of the DA metabolites, homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were diminished by 44% and 79%, respectively, in␣the substantia nigra (SN) of aged monkeys. In addition, d-amphetamine-evoked overflow of DA in the SN was diminished by 30% in the middle-aged animals and 67% in the aged monkeys. Post-mortem measures of DA and DA metabolites showed significant decreases in DA (20%), DOPAC (47%) and HVA (22%) levels in the putamen and a 25% decline in HVA tissue levels in the SN of the aged monkeys as compared to the young animals. Unbiased stereological cell counting of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive neurons in the SN showed a small (15–20%) but significant age-related decline in TH-positive neurons. In addition, there was a small (15–20%) but significant decline in TH-positive fiber density and TH-positive cell size. In comparison to the massive loss of DA neurons responsible for the movement dysfunctions seen in Parkinson's disease, pronounced functional changes in DA release in the SN and putamen may significantly contribute to the motoric dysfunctions characterizing normal aging in rhesus monkeys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-3042.2001.00684.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Striatal GDNF administration increases tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation in the rat striatum and substantia nigra (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 90 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) improves motor dysfunction associated with aging in rats and non-human primates, in animal models of Parkinson's disease, and may improve motoric function in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. These improvements are associated with increased dopamine function in the nigrostriatal system, but the molecular events associated with this increase are unknown. In these studies, 100 µg of GDNF was injected into the striatum of normal aged (24-month-old) male Fischer 344 rats. The protein levels and phosphorylation of TH, ERK1/2, and related proteins were determined by blot-immunolabeling of striatum and substantia nigra harvested 30 days after injection. In GDNF-treated rats, TH phosphorylation at Ser31 increased ∼40% in striatum and ∼250% in the substantia nigra. In the substantia nigra, there was a significant increase in ERK1 phosphorylation. In striatum, there was a significant increase in ERK2 phosphorylation. Microdialysis studies in striatum showed that both amphetamine- and potassium-evoked dopamine release in GDNF recipients were significantly increased. These data show that GDNF-induced increases in dopamine function are associated with a sustained increase in TH phosphorylation at Ser31, which is greatest in the substantia nigra and maintained for at least one month following a single striatal administration of GDNF. These findings, taken from the nigrostriatal system of normal aged rats, may help explain the long lasting effects of GDNF on dopamine function and prior studies supporting that a major effect of GDNF involves its effects on dopamine storage and somatodendritic release of dopamine in the substantia nigra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02496.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical control of artifacts in dense array EEG/MEG studies (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: With the advent of dense sensor arrays (64–256 channels) in electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography studies, the probability increases that some recording channels are contaminated by artifact. If all channels are required to be artifact free, the number of acceptable trials may be unacceptably low. Precise artifact screening is necessary for accurate spatial mapping, for current density measures, for source analysis, and for accurate temporal analysis based on single-trial methods. Precise screening presents a number of problems given the large datasets. We propose a procedure for statistical correction of artifacts in dense array studies (SCADS), which (1) detects individual channel artifacts using the recording reference, (2) detects global artifacts using the average reference, (3) replaces artifact-contaminated sensors with spherical interpolation statistically weighted on the basis of all sensors, and (4) computes the variance of the signal across trials to document the stability of the averaged waveform. Examples from 128-channel recordings and from numerical simulations illustrate the importance of careful artifact review in the avoidance of analysis errors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3740523
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aritificial Radioactivity. (1918)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemical reviews 18 (1918), S. 457-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6890
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr60061a002
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dividend Forecast Biases in Index Option Valuation (2000)
    Springer
    Review of derivatives research 4 (2000), S. 285-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7144
    Keywords: index options ; option pricing ; dividend forecasting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Since the early days of option pricing theory,the assumption that the dividends on the underlying stock orindex over the life of the contract are known has not been challenged.We examine the sensitivity of index option prices to the assumptionof dividend uncertainty. We consider a number of issues relatedto the forecasting of dividends and build a dividend forecastingmodel that passes several rigorous tests for unbiasedness. Wethen generate option prices using contemporary market levelsand interest rates. We find that prices generated with the actualdividends are unbiased with respect to those generated usingthe forecasted dividends. The magnitudes of the forecast errors,however, are sufficiently large to suggest a concern, but thepercentage errors are consistently small, typically amountingto less than two percent of the option price. We conclude thatthe convenient assumption that the stream of future dividendsis known is probably innocuous.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011335530815
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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