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  • 2000-2004  (2)
  • Key words NIRS  (1)
  • Key words:Bone disease – Disuse osteoporosis – Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry – Imaging – Single-energy quantitative computed tomography – Spinal cord injury  (1)
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  • 2000-2004  (2)
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Bone disease – Disuse osteoporosis – Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry – Imaging – Single-energy quantitative computed tomography – Spinal cord injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Disuse osteoporosis occurs in the lower extremities of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, spinal osteoporosis is not usually observed in these patients. We investigated lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) in SCI patients using single energy quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Our study population consisted of 64 patients with long-standing SCI. Spine BMD (g/cm3) was assessed by QCT at four vertebrae ranging from T11 to L4 with single midvertebral CT slices 1 cm thick parallel to the vertebral end-plates. Confounding variables affecting normal trabecular bone pattern, such as compression fractures, surgical hardware or fat replacement, were excluded. For a subset of 29 patients, DXA values of the spine and femoral neck were also measured, and QCT and DXA Z-scores were compared On the average, the 64 SCI patients had Z-scores 2.0 ± 1.2 below those of age-matched controls. In the subset of 29 patients with both QCT and DXA measurements, the QCT and DXA Z-scores were 2.4 ± 1.1 below and 1.3 ± 2.3 above the mean, respectively (p〈0.0001). Our results indicate that QCT reveals osteoporosis of the spine after SCI, in contrast to DXA. We postulate that QCT is more valuable for evaluating spinal osteoporosis following SCI than DXA and thus recommend QCT for spinal BMD studies in SCI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Neuromonitoring ; SSEP ; NIRS ; Transkonjunktivale Sauerstoffspannung ; Selektive Shunteinlage ; Key words NIRS ; Selective shunting ; Neuromonitoring ; SSEP ; Conjunctival oxygen tension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The principle of, “selective shunting” during carotid endarterectomy requires a special concept to monitor neuronal function. The valence of the oxymetric methods, “near-infrared” spectroscopy (NIRS) and conjunctival oxygen tension (pcjO2) was determined with the reference method somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP). Methods. In 41 patients undergoing reconstructive surgery on the internal carotid artery, recordings of the different methods were obtained under control, during carotid occlusion and during reperfusion. Cerebral ischemia was assumed if a complete loss of SEP appeared and an intraluminal shunt was placed. Conjunctival oxygen tension was measured continuously and simultaneously on the ipsi- and contralateral eye. Results. In comparison to the reference method (SEP) the sensitivity and specificity of NIRS was 80% and 94%, respectively. The occlusion induced reduction of NIRS appeared 6.5±3.2 min earlier than the corresponding loss of SEP. Biocular determination of conjunctival oxygen tension was not able to detect hypoperfusion dependent ischemia during carotid occlusion. Conclusion. During carotid endarterectomy the measurement of conjunctival oxygen tension is not useful to detect cerebral ischemia. The use of NIRS as a single neuronal monitor is not appropriate to perform, “selective shunting”. In contrast to SEP, however, NIRS is characterized by its rapid changes immediately following carotid occlusion. This non invasive method is likely to complete the standard method SEP in a modified monitoring concept of neuronal function during carotid endarterectomy.
    Notes: Zusamenfassung Ziel der Arbeit. Das Prinzip der selektiven Shunteinlage bei Karotisendarterektomien erfordert ein differenziertes Neuromonitoringkonzept. Die Wertigkeit der oxymetrischen Verfahren “near-infrared” Spektroskopie (NIRS) sowie des transkonjunktivalen Sauerstoffpartialdrucks (pcjO2) wurden anhand der Referenzmethode SSEP bestimmt. Methodik. Bei 41 Patienten mit elektiver Karotis-TEA wurden diese Neuromonitoringparameter unter Kontrollbedingungen, während Karotisokklusion und in der Reperfusionsphase bestimmt. Der vollständige Verlust der SSEP-Amplitude war das Kriterium zur Shunteinlage. Die Messung des transkonjunktivalen Sauerstoffpartialdrucks erfolgte zeitgleich auf dem ipsi- und kontralateralen Auge. Ergebnisse. Im Vergleich zur Referenzmethode SSEP zeigte NIRS eine Sensitivität und Spezifität von 80% und 94%. Die okklusionsbedingte Reduktion von NIRS zeigte sich im Mittel 6,5±3,2 min früher als die entsprechenden Veränderungen der SSEP-Werte. Die biokulare Bestimmung des transkonjunktivalen Sauerstoffpartialdrucks konnte die hypoperfusionsbedingte Ischämie nicht detektieren. Schlußfolgerung. Die transkonjunktivale Sauerstoffspannung ist bei Karotisendarterektomien als Neuromonitoringverfahren ungeeignet. Die alleinige Indikation zur Shunteinlage ist mittels NIRS nicht möglich. NIRS ist jedoch im Unterschied zu den SSEP durch eine rasche Änderung nach Karotisokklusion charakterisiert. NIRS ist als nicht invasive Methode geeignet, das Standardverfahren SSEP in einem modifizierten Neuromonitoringkonzept zu ergänzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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