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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of formaldehyde on the expression of adhesion molecules in nasal microvascular endothelial cells: the role of formaldehyde in the pathogenesis of sick building syndrome (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Formaldehyde is associated with sick building syndrome (SBS), a set of diffuse and irritative symptoms predominantly involving the eyes and the respiratory tract. However, its pathophysiological mechanism in SBS has not yet been clarified.Objective In this study we investigated the effect of formaldehyde on the expression of adhesion molecules on human mucosal microvascular endothelial cells (HMMECs). Furthermore, we investigated the effect of formaldehyde on adhesiveness of HMMECs to eosinophils.Materials and methods HMMECs were incubated with various concentrations of formaldehyde (1 ng/mL−1 µg/mL) for 24 h, and the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) on HMMECs were evaluated by flow cytometry. The change in the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA was then evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. To understand the role of formaldehyde in eosinophilic inflammation of the nasal mucosa, we examined the effects of formaldehyde on the adhesiveness between HMMECs and eosinophils by eosinophil adhesion assay.Results Formaldehyde increased the surface expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on HMMECs. Formaldehyde also induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA. In addition, the adhesiveness between HMMECs and eosinophils was also increased by formaldehyde.Conclusion These in vitro studies suggest that formaldehyde may play a role as the irritant of the nasal mucosa by increasing the expressions of adhesion molecules on HMMECs and by enhancing the adhesiveness between HMMECs and eosinophils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01301.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of C–C chemokine TARC in human nasal mucosa and its regulation by cytokines (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Although interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 have been demonstrated to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, the mechanism that causes the predominance of Th2 lymphocytes has yet to be clarified. Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) has been known to facilitate the recruitment, activation and development of Th2 polarized cells, leading investigators to suggest a role for TARC in the development of Th2 responses.Objective To gain a better understanding of the role of TARC in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis we investigated the cellular sources of this chemokine in nasal mucosa. In addition, the effect of cytokines on TARC production has been investigated.Methods The expression of TARC in human nasal mucosa was assessed by immunohistochemistry. To study the effect of cytokines on TARC production, epithelial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, isolated from inferior nasal mucosa samples, were stimulated by a variety of cytokines including IL-4, IL-13, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ.Results Epithelial cells in nasal mucosa in subjects with allergic rhinitis expressed higher signal level than those in non-allergy patients. Combined stimulation with IL-4 and TNF-α, as well as IL-13 and TNF-α, synergistically induced TARC expression in epithelial cells. Furthermore, the amount of TARC induced by these cytokines was higher in epithelial cells obtained from patients with allergic rhinitis than in those from non-allergic patients.Conclusion These results demonstrate a crucial role of nasal epithelial cells in the expression of TARC, and that Th2 cytokine IL-4 and IL-13 may promote Th2 responses by inducing TARC production from epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01152.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence variation in Korean salmonids (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 56 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The complete 1141 bp mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences were determined for lenok Brachymystax lenok, cherry salmon Oncorhynchus masou masou, Ishikawa's cherry salmon O. m. ishikawai, chum salmon O. keta, rainbow trout O. mykiss, and an albino mutant of rainbow trout. Common substitutions detected in these species were transitional mutations. There were no significant differences in the intraspecific variation of the cytochrome b genes. Interspecific divergences were greater than intraspecific variation. The level of variation ranged from 8·026–15·686%. The cherry salmon was closer to chum salmon than to rainbow trout, and the lenok was the most distantly related species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb02130.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternative methods to describe virulence of Erwinia amylovora and host-plant resistance against fireblight (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 53 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The evaluation of host-plant susceptibility to Erwinia amylovora and of colonization of host-plant tissue by individual strains was facilitated by labelling the pathogen with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Colonization of apple leaves assayed with a fluorescence microscope was associated with visual disease ratings on plants to describe virulence (= aggressiveness) of the fireblight pathogen. Resistance induced with 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinic acid (INA) and benzo(1,2,3-) thiadiazol-7-carbothioic acid-S-methyl ester (BTH, the active component of BION™) restricted colonization by the pathogen to an area adjacent to the inoculation site. Migration in leaves was associated with symptom formation on pear slices and host plants of mutant strains. Non-virulent E. amylovora mutants did not migrate into the leaf veins and strains with intermediate-to-low virulence moved slowly. To compare the migration efficiency of individual wild-type strains in apple and plum cultivars, a blend of five wild-type E. amylovora strains with specific numbers of short-sequence DNA repeats (SSRs) in the common plasmid pEA29 was applied to distinguish them by PCR. Fast-moving strains identified in the GFP assays were dominant, independent of the apple cultivar. When apple shoots, pear slices or leaves of apple plants were coinoculated with streptomycin (Sm)-resistant strains and the corresponding parent strains, Sm-resistant mutants were able to dominate the wild-type strain for tissue colonization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2004.00954.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epstein–Barr virus in gastric carcinomas with lymphoid stroma (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: AimsTo clarify the relationship between the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (GCLS) in Koreans, and to characterize the EBV-positive GCLS.Methods and resultsEBV infection was examined using EBER in-situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction in 45 cases of GCLS among Koreans, and in 292 consecutive cases of gastric carcinomas without lymphoid stroma (non-GCLS) as controls. EBV infection was found in 30 tumours (67%) of GCLS and 10 tumours (3.4%) of non-GCLS (P 〈 0.05). EBV-positive GCLS was more prevalent in males, poorly differentiated histological type and diffuse type in Lauren's classification, and tended to be located more in the middle third of the stomach than EBV-negative GCLS (P 〈 0.05). p53 overexpression was observed in 22% of GCLS (17% of EBV-positive GCLS and 33% of EBV-negative GCLS), and 34% of non-GCLS (EBV-positive GCLS vs. non-GCLS: P = 0.056). The survival of the patient with GCLS was not correlated with EBV infection or p53 immunoexpression (follow-up period: 11–97 months).ConclusionsGCLS in Koreans is strongly associated with EBV infection. The prognosis in GCLS is not dependent upon either the status of EBV infection or the status of p53 immunoexpression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2000.01014.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alteration of E-cadherin-mediated adhesion protein is common, but microsatellite instability is uncommon in young age gastric cancers (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 42 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims:  Gastric adenocarcinoma in young patients has been considered to differ in many ways from gastric carcinoma in older patients. This study was designed to determine the clinicopathological features and molecular mechanisms.Methods and results:  Based on 4123 patients of gastric cancer in Seoul National University Hospital, 135 patients (3.3%) were chosen by the age of 30 years or younger. Expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, p53 and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) was analysed using the tissue array method in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens and microsatellite instability (MSI) was determined. As a control, 320 cases of older patients were compared. Gastric adenocarcinoma of young patients revealed significant female predominance, type IV gross type, proximal location, diffuse type and frequent lymph node metastasis. In-situ hybridization for EBV showed higher positivity in young patients (9/78, 11.5%) than in older ones, but not statistically significant. In EBV+ cases, p53 over-expression was significantly higher in young patients than older patients (P 〈 0.05). Alteration of E-cadherin or β-catenin was significantly higher in younger patients than in older patients (P 〈 0.05). Overall survival was significantly poorer in younger patients than older ones. The frequency of MSI was rare (1.3%, P 〈 0.05) in young patients compared with older patients (9.3%).Conclusions:  These data indicate that gastric adenocarcinoma of young patients has a poor prognosis, possesses aggressive histopathological features, exhibits reduced expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin, and demonstrates lower MSI than tumours in older patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2003.01546.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma outcome prediction by gene-expression profiling and supervised machine learning (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 8 (2002), S. 68-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common lymphoid malignancy in adults, is curable in less than 50% of patients. Prognostic models based on pre-treatment characteristics, such as the International Prognostic Index (IPI), are currently used to predict outcome in DLBCL. However, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0102-68
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunophenotyping of inflammatory cells in lesional skin of the extrinsic and intrinsic types of atopic dermatitis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 151 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  There is a subgroup of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients with normal total and specific IgE levels and negative skin tests towards common allergens. This form of the disease has been referred to as the ‘intrinsic’ form of AD. Although previous studies have demonstrated differences in the cytokine profile between the extrinsic and intrinsic subtypes, the pathogenesis of both subtypes of AD remains unclear.Objectives  To compare the inflammatory micromilieu in both forms of AD.Methods Immunophenotyping of the inflammatory cells was performed in lesional and nonlesional skin from 18 patients with extrinsic and 17 with intrinsic AD.Results  Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a high proportion of CD4+ T cells in the dermis, with a similar CD4/CD8 ratio in the two groups. The expression levels of other T-cell markers and epidermal Langerhans cells were increased in both forms of AD. Although the T-cell repertoires in the two subtypes were similar, dermal infiltration of eosinophils and eosinophil granular proteins was more prominent in the extrinsic type than in the intrinsic type. Eotaxin immunoreactivity was also significantly higher in the extrinsic subtype.Conclusions  The data suggest that although the overall inflammatory microenvironment in the two subtypes appears to be similar, differences in T-cell cytokine production might contribute to the differential tissue eosinophilia in these subtypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06027.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathological parameters determining lesion colours in the naevus of Ota: a morphometric study using computer-assisted image analysis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 150 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Naevus of Ota manifests various colours ranging from light brown to blue. Naevus colours have been claimed to reflect the depth of melanin pigments but the claim has rarely been substantiated by quantitative studies.Objectives  We attempted both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the naevus of Ota to find out relations between histological patterns or parameters of melanin/melanocytes and lesion colours.Methods  Lesion colours were determined by one of the authors and were confirmed by a separate panel of dermatologists. Forty biopsy specimens of naevus of Ota were evaluated by both computer-assisted quantitative image analysis and a previously proposed conventional pattern analysis.Results  The mean area fraction (AFmean) of melanin, the depth of the maximum area fraction of melanin (level of AFmax) and the depth of the deepest infiltrating melanocyte were significantly greater or deeper for bluish lesions than brownish lesions. Based on the qualitative pattern analysis we found that all the brownish lesions demonstrated superficial dermal melanin pigments, whereas bluish lesions tended to show more heterogeneous histological patterns. Eyelid lesions, all of which were bluish, revealed greater AFmean value than cheek lesions, presenting as either brownish or bluish colours.Conclusions  Quantitative analysis indicated that pigment density measures such as AFmean could be as important as the depth of melanocytes in the explanation of the lesion colours in naevus of Ota. However, qualitative pattern analysis failed to link specific patterns with lesion colours, especially in bluish lesions, probably due to the lack of consideration of the pigment density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05902.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and angiotensin-converting enzyme in patients with asthma (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Nitric oxide, including that produced by endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS), may regulate vascular and airway tone in the lungs and may influence various aspects of airway homeostasis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is expressed at high levels in the lungs and plays a role in the metabolism of angiotensin II, bradykinin, and substance P, all of which are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. An insertion-deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene has been shown to be associated with enzyme activity levels of ACE. To examine the possible involvement of the ecNOS and/or ACE genes as the genetic basis of bronchial asthma, we investigated whether there was any association between bronchial asthma and polymorphisms of the ecNOS and/or ACE genes. Methods: A total of 310 patients with bronchial asthma and 121 healthy subjects took part in this study. The ecNOS and ACE genotypes were determined in all subjects by polymerase chain reaction. Results: 〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉The distribution of one genotype (bb) of ecNOS was significantly higher in the asthma group than in the control population.The ACE genotype distribution was not significantly different between the control and the asthma groups.In asthmatic patients, the ACE and ecNOS genotype distribution did not differ significantly among groups of patients with different severities of asthma. Conclusions: These results suggest that polymorphisms of the ecNOS gene, but not the ACE gene, may be associated with the development of asthma. However, the severity of asthma may not be influenced by polymorphisms of the ecNOS and ACE genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00724.x
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