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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Energy & fuels 8 (1994), S. 294-300 
    ISSN: 1520-5029
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 48 (1998), S. 184-195 
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words β7 integrin gene ; Promoter elements ; TGFβ1 ; Phosphorylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The β7 integrins LPAM-1 (α4β7) and M290 (αEβ7) mediate the homing of lymphocytes to gut-associated lymphoid tissue, and the proposed retention of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), respectively. Here we show that the gut mucosal cytokine TGF- β1 increases the expression of β7 and αE subunit mRNA transcripts and the cell-surface expression of M290 on T cells, and that it decreases the level of α4 integrin transcripts. Induced β7 integrin gene expression was inhibited by the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein, implicating a role for tyrosine phosphorylation. An analysis of the β7 integrin gene promoter revealed three DNAse I hypersensitivity sites, two of which mapped to the 5′ and 3′ ends of a promoter fragment (nucleotides +690 to +63) that directed both the basal and the TGF-β1-induced expression of a heterologous reporter gene. Deletion analysis identified two TGF-β1 response regions encompassing nucleotides –509 to –398 (TGFBRR1), and –122 to +32 (TGFBRR2). TGFBRR1 interacted with at least five protein complexes, whose binding could be induced with TGF-β1 stimulation and could be antagonized by TGFBRR2 which harbored both similar and distinctive cis-elements. TGFBRR2 interacted specifically with at least two major nuclear protein complexes, whose binding was phosphorylation dependent. These data provide new insights into the mechanism by which TGF-β may switch LPAM-1+ve migrating T cells to express M290, facilitating their retention in the gut.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 146 (1986), S. 142-146 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase ; cAMP metabolism ; Rhizobium fredii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase was purified from Rhizobium freddi MAR-1. The enzyme had a molecular weight of approximately 59,000 and was composed of a single subunit. The pH optimum of the enzyme was approximately 7.0 in both Tris-Cl and Imidazole buffers. However Imidazole buffer was shown to produce a two-fold stimulation of enzyme activity without affecting the pH optimum. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from R. fredii MAR-1 was stable at 28°C for at least 10 days. The enzyme did not require any metal ion for activity although Cu2+ at 2.5 mM stimulated the enzyme. EDTA up to 2.5 mM did not inhibit the enzyme. Both NAD and NADP as well as FAD inhibited the enzyme with FAD showing maximum inhibition. The enzyme was able to hydrolyse both 3′,5′-cyclic AMP and 3′,5′-cyclic GMP but did not hydrolyse 2′,3′-cyclic AMP. The apparent K m of the enzyme for cAMP was approximately 0.1 μM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Pseudomonas ; Nocardia ; Arthrobacter ; Soil Bacteria ; Chlorinated Benzenes ; Phenols and Cyclohexane Derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus Bodenproben verschiedener Herkunft (Acker-, Rasen- und Waldböden) ließen sich Nocardien und Pseudomonaden mit der Fähigkeit zum Abbau von Benzol und Phenol in geringer Zahl isolieren und anreichern. Die nur Phenol und Phenolcarbonsäuren verwertenden Organismen waren zahlreicher und umfaßten hauptsächlichArthrobacter-Arten. Es wurde untersucht, inwieweit diese Organismen auch chlorierte Aromaten und Cyclohexane abzubauen vermögen. Für die Abbauuntersuchungen wurden die Bakterien vorher auf Benzol- bzw. aufp-Hydroxybenzoesäure kultiviert und dann die zu untersuchenden Verbindungen zugesetzt. Diese Verbindungen waren durch14C-markiert, und ihre Abbauraten wurden aufgrund der14CO2-Freisetzung gemessen. Auf Benzol angezogene Pseudomonaden und Nocardien konnten neben Benzol und Phenol auch die einfach chlorierten Verbindungen rasch zu CO2 abbauen, die zwei- und dreifach chlorierten Verbindungen langsamer. Die chlorierten Benzole wurden besonders in höheren Konzentrationen in geringerem Maße abgebaut als die chlorierten Phenole, aber bei niedrigeren Konzentrationen stieg die Abbaurate und war etwa derjenigen der Phenole gleich. Dies ließ sich auf eine höhere Toxicität der Benzole zurückführen. Die phenolverwertendenArthrobacter-Arten konnten lediglich Phenol und die chlorierten Phenole abbauen. Benzoesäure und m-Chlorbenzoesäure wurden nur von den Pseudomonaden und Nocardien rasch zu CO2 abgebaut. Die Benzol verwertenden Pseudomonaden konnten CO2 auch aus γ-Hexachlorcyclohexan, etwas mehr aus γ-Pentachlorcyclohexen, aber nicht aus Cyclohexan freisetzen. Nach Vorkultur der Benzol verwertenden Pseudomonaden auf Glucose konnten sie die Aromaten ebenfalls abbauen, aber besonders die chlorierten Derivate im geringen Maß. Zum Vergleich mit den Bodenorganismen wurden Versuche mit Bodenproben durchgeführt. Sie zeigten, daß alle Verbindungen, die durch die isolierten Organismen abgebaut werden konnten, nach unterschiedlichen Induktionszeiten auch im Boden abgebaut wurden. Lediglich Cyclohexan, das durch die Benzol oder Phenol verwertenden Reinkulturen nicht verwertet werden konnte, wurde durch die Mischflora des Bodens goringfügig zu CO2 abgebaut.
    Notes: Abstract From soil samples of different origin (field, grassland and forest soils) small numbers ofNocardin andPseudomonas spec., able to utilize benzene and phenol could be isolated. Organisms which could only utilize phenol and phenolcarboxylic acids were more numerous and consisted mainly ofArthrobacter spec. It was tested to what extent these organisms could also utilize chlorinated aromatic and cyclohexane derivatives. For the degradation studies the bacteria were precultivated on benzene or p-hydroxybenzoic acid and then the compounds used were added. These compounds were labeled by14C and their degradation rates determined by measuring the14CO2 release.Pseudomonas andNocardia spec. precultivated on benzene could also degrade the chlorinated derivatives of benzene and phenol. The monochlorinated derivates were degraded more easily than the di- and trichlorinated derivates. The chlorinated benzenes, especially in higher concentrations, were less degraded than the chlorinated phenols, but with lower concentrations their degradation rates were about similar. This was due to a higher toxicity of the benzenes. The phenol utilizingArthrobacter spec. were only able to degrade phenol and the chlorinated phenols. Benzoic and m-chlorobenzoic acid were degraded to CO2 by thePseudomonas andNocardia spec. only. The benzene utilizing pseudomonads released more CO2 from γ-pentachlorocyclohexane than from γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, but none from cyclehexane. Upon precultivation of benzene utilizing pseudomonads in glucose, the aromatic compounds were also degraded, but especially the chlorinated derivatives to a lower extent. In comparison with these soil organisms in pure culture, experiments with soil samples showed a degradation of all compounds which were used by the isolated organisms after variable induction periods. Cyclohexane was degraded slowly to CO2 by the mixed soil flora in contrast to the benzene or phenol utilizing pure cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 142 (1985), S. 393-396 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: K+-ATPase ; Rhizobium sp. ; K+ transport ; Membrane vesicles ; Osmoregulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An ATPase whose activity was stimulated by K+ was identified in Rhizobium sp. UMKL 20. The synthesis of the ATPase was repressed by high levels of K+. The enzyme had a pH optimum of about 8.0. It was highly specific for cations and only K+ appeared to be able to stimulate the enzyme. In terms of divalent cation specificity, both Mn2+ and Mg2+ stimulated K+-ATPase activity. ATP was the only nucleotide capable of supporting substantial activity. Vanadate was an inhibitor of the enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 135 (1983), S. 224-228 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Salt tolerance ; Rhizobium Sp. ; K+-Glutamate ; Ammonia assimilation enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rhizobium Sp. UMKL 20 responded to increased sodium chloride concentration in the medium by elevating the intracellular concentrations of K+ and glutamate. Increases in K+ occurred in a time course synchronous with glutamate. Addition of the uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol, significantly reduced K+ uptake but had little effect on glutamate accumulation. New protein synthesis did not appear to be required for the stimulation of K+ uptake by NaCl. Assays of enzymes involved in glutamate synthesis showed that under salt-stress conditions, increased activities of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase were detected, indicating that the GS/GOGAT pathway is the major pathway for increasing intracellular glutamate concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Fetus-in-fetu ; US ; MR ; Scrotum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We report a case of fetus-in-fetu located in the scrotal sac of a newborn male infant. Plain radiography (including specimen radiography), ultrasonography and MRI clearly demonstrated vertebral column, ribs, skull, pelvic bones, femurs and a portion of tibiae and humeri. The diagnosis was confirmed by pathological examination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Reach to grasp ; Human ; Perturbation ; Kinematics ; Motor control ; Parkinson’s disease ; Elderly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  This study assessed the adaptive response of the reach-to-grasp movement of 12 Parkinson’s disease (PD) and 12 control subjects to a simultaneous perturbation of target object location and size. The main aim was to test further the reported dysfunction of PD subjects in the simultaneous activation of movement components. Participants were required to reach 30 cm to grasp a central illuminated cylinder of either small (0.7 cm) or large (8 cm) diameter. For a small percentage of trials (20/100) a visual perturbation was introduced unexpectedly at the onset of the reaching action. This consisted of a shift of illumination from the central cylinder to a cylinder of differing diameter, which was positioned 20° to the left (n=10) or to the right (n=10). The subject was required to grasp the newly illuminated cylinder. For the Parkinson’s disease subject group, the earliest response to this ’double’ perturbation was in the parameter of peak reaching acceleration, which was on average 50 ms earlier for ’double’ perturbed than for non-perturbed trials. The grasp component response followed more than 500 ms after the earliest transport response. For the control subjects initial signs of a response to the ’double’ perturbation were seen almost simultaneously in the transport parameter of peak arm deceleration, and in the manipulation parameter of maximum grip aperture, but these changes were not evident until more than 400 ms after movement onset. These results indicate that the basal ganglia can be identified as part of a circuit which is involved in the integration of parallel neutral pathways, and which exercise flexibility in the degree to which these components are ’coupled’ functionally. With basal ganglia dysfunction the activation of integration centres that at first gate the flow of information to the parallel channels of reach and grasp seems inefficient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 10648-10658 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Comparative ab initio restricted Hartree–Fock (RHF) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate the geometric and electronic structures of various neutral aniline oligomers. These oligomers were selected to model polyaniline (PANI) in different intrinsic oxidation states, with an aim to study the applicability and extendibility of the theoretical methods to conjugated polymers. In general, we found that DFT calculations produce results that are in good agreement with observations from x-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible absorption, ultraviolet photoelectron and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The DFT method has reproduced well the ∼4.0 eV π–π* transition of leucoemeraldine base and the ∼2.0 eV Peierls gap transition of pernigraniline base. The valence band structure and the ∼1.2 eV energy separation of nitrogen core levels of emeraldine base are also correctly predicted. On the other hand, large discrepancies with experimental measurements are predicted by the RHF method. Single-point MP2 calculations show that the DFT-optimized structures are all at lower energy than the RHF-optimized ones. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 65 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : To determine the existence of glycolipids (neutral glycosphingolipid and glycoglycerolipid) in clove, red pepper, and nutmeg, we performed silica gel chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using an Aquasil-SS column and a C8-reversed-phase silica gel column. HPLC (Aquasil-SS column) with a UV absorption detector was used to analyze neutral glycosphingolipid. These chromatograms showed two typical peaks in clove lipids. UV-HPLC (C8-reversed phase silica gel column) was also used to analyze glycoglycerolipid. The chromatograms indicated a small peak in clove lipids. Moreover, we observed the same two peaks in the glycolipid fraction of clove lipid when we used HPLC (Aquasil-SS column) with a differential refractometer detector. These results suggest that clove may contain new and plural neutral glycosphingolipids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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