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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diminution of the surface states on GaAs by a sulfur treatment (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 1959-1961 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The surface chemical properties of a GaAs layer grown by molecular beam epitaxy were investigated by photoluminescence (PL) and photoreflectance (PR) measurements. While the intensity of the PL spectra for the sulfur-treated GaAs, using a (NH4)2Sx solution, increased 75 times compared to that for the as-grown GaAs, the peaks for the as-grown GaAs measured by PR vanished after a sulfur treatment. These results indicate that the surface state acting as the nonradiative recombination centers was passivated by the sulfur. The chemical adsorption behavior resulting from the sulfur is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357656
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoluminescence and photoreflectance from GaAs/AlAs multiple quantum wells (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 3376-3379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photoluminescence (PL) and photoreflectance (PR) measurements have been performed to investigate the intermixing behavior of Al and Ga in GaAs/AlAs multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown by molecular-beam epitaxy and treated by rapid thermal annealing. These results indicate that the magnitude of the disordering for a GaAs/AlAs MQW increases as the layer thickness increases. When the GaAs/AlAs MQWs with layer thicknesses of 34 A(ring) are annealed at 950 °C for 10 s, the GaAs/AlAs MQWs are totally intermixed, resulting in a formation of an Al0.45Ga0.55As alloy. For the intermixed GaAs/AlAs MQWs, PL spectra show dominantly the Γ-valley direct transition, and PR signals show that the peaks originating from the interband transitions disappear. The observed increases of the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) in the PL spectra for the annealed GaAs/AlAs MQWs originate from the nonuniformity of the intermixing as a function of depth, and the decrease of FWHM in the PL spectra for the GaAs/AlAs MQWs annealed for longer times is due to the formation of Al0.45Ga0.55As alloys in the GaAs/AlAs MQWs. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359965
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon impurity effects in Al-Ga interdiffused GaAs/AlAs multiple quantum wells (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2415-2418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photoluminescence (PL) measurements were performed in order to investigate the carbon impurity effects on the intermixing behavior of GaAs/AlAs multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. The GaAs/AlAs MQWs were annealed with a carbon source in a furnace annealing system. The PL spectra show that the magnitude of the intermixing of Al and Ga induced by thermal annealing in GaAs/AlAs MQWs increases with depth. This behavior is not in agreement with the intermixing mechanism considering vacancy injection of the surface. The nonuniformity of the intermixing as a function of the depth originated from the carbon impurities which were injected during thermal treatment. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358767
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stark effect and Stark-ladder effect in Al0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs asymmetric coupled multiple quantum wells (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2486-2494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photoluminescence (PL) measurements at 10 K were performed in order to investigate the influence of electric fields on the exciton states in Al0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs asymmetric coupled multiple quantum wells (ACMQW) grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. The coupling of the electronic energy levels in the wells led to an enhancement of the quantum-confined Stark effect. The PL intensity decreased as the electric field increased. Calculated values of the intersubband transition energies were in good agreement with the experimental values for the ACMQW, and these values showed a similar behavior as those for the step quantum well. When the external applied field was very strong, Stark-ladder transitions were observed, and the measured dependence of the field-induced energy shifts of the Stark-ladder transitions for the ACMQW agreed with theory. These results indicate that the Stark effect and the Stark-ladder transitions in a unique ACMQW based on the AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs structure were observed simultaneously. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358777
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of very high permeability, low coercivity, and high electrical resistivity in Fe87Zr7B5Ag1 amorphous alloy (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 5298-5302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic properties of an Fe87Zr7B5Ag1 (at. %) amorphous alloy, which contains an additional insoluble element (Ag) in a small amount, have been investigated as a function of annealing temperatures in order to know its potential applicability as a core material used at high-frequency. As a result, a new excellent soft magnetic material with very high resistivity was developed. The amorphous alloy annealed at a relatively low temperature of Ta=300 °C exhibited a very high initial permeability μi of 146 000 at 1 kHz and 2 mOe, resistivity ρRT of 4.5 μΩ m, and very low coercivity Hc of 20 mOe, respectively. The values obtained are the best ones among various kinds of Fe-based soft amorphous materials reported up to now. Furthermore, the amorphous ribbon heat treated at Ta=300 °C still retained good ductility enough to endure 180° bending, which is very important from the viewpoint of processing for mass production. The phenomenon of good soft magnetic properties presumably arises from the homogenous formation of very fine α-Fe clusters in an amorphous matrix, which can be deduced from the increase of resistivity, and the reduction of magnetostriction caused by the dissolution of Zr and B into the α-Fe cluster. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359284
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic transport in thermal spike induced ion mixing (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 4292-4296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A simple relationship between the ratio of atomic transport induced by ion mixing and the activation energies for the impurity diffusion of constituents in a bilayer is presented to describe quantitatively the symmetric and asymmetric atomic transport in the thermal spike induced ion mixing. The model predicts fairly satisfactorily the trend of experimental observations in the bilayer systems which have near zero heats of mixing and relatively high spike activation energies. For instance, the Pd/Co bilayer system shows nearly symmetric atomic transport, since its constituents have similar activation energies for the impurity diffusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352811
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neoclassical viscosity effects on resistive magnetohydrodynamic modes in toroidal geometry (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 659-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The flux-surface-averaged linearized resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary-layer equations including the compressibility, diamagnetic drift, and neoclassical viscosity terms are derived in toroidal geometry. These equations describe the resistive layer dynamics of resistive MHD modes over the collisionality regime between the banana plateau and the Pfirsch–Schlüter. From the resulting equations, the effects of neoclassical viscosity on the stability of the tearing and resistive ballooning modes are investigated numerically. Also, a study is given for the problem of how the neoclassical resistive MHD mode is generated as the collisionality is reduced. It is shown that the neoclassical viscosity terms give a significant destabilizing effect for the tearing and resistive ballooning modes. This destabilization comes mainly from the reduction of the stabilizing effect of the parallel ion sound compression by the ion neoclassical viscosity. In the banana-plateau collisionality limit, where the compressibility is negligible, the dispersion relations of the tearing and resistive ballooning modes reduce to the same form, with the threshold value of the driving force given by Δc=0. On the other hand, with the finite neoclassical effect it is found that the neoclassical resistive MHD instability is generated in agreement with previous results. Furthermore, it is shown that this later instability can be generated in a wide range of the collisionality including near the Pfirsch–Schlüter regime as well as the banana-plateau regime, suggesting that this mode is a probable cause of anomalous transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860264
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemodynamic effects of a milrinone infusion without a bolus in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The haemodynamic effects of a continuous infusion of milrinone without an initial bolus dose were evaluated in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. After internal mammary artery harvest, milrinone 0.5 μg.min−1.kg−1 (29 patients) or a normal saline infusion (33 patients) was started and continued until all graft anastomoses were completed. Haemodynamic variables were recorded before application of the tissue stabiliser, at 1, 3, 5 and 10 min after the application of the stabiliser, and after its removal. The administration of a milrinone infusion was associated with a smaller decrease in cardiac output and mixed venous oxygen saturation during all the coronary artery anastomoses, with no severe complications and a decreased dose of norepinephrine infused to maintain systemic arterial pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03659.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of high-risk human papillomavirus detection by polymerase chain reaction in primary cervical cancer screening (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cytopathology 12 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2303
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Significance of high-risk human papillomavirus detection by polymerase chain reaction in primary cervical cancer screening The purposes of this study were to evaluate the incidence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to assess its diagnostic usefulness in primary cervical screening. PCR testing for HPV type 16, 18, 31 and 33 was performed on 1305 specimens obtained during routine cervical cancer screening. We analysed the concurrent cervical smears and biopsy, and correlated them with the HPV infection status. We also evaluated histologically-proven cases with ASCUS smears according to HPV infection. HPV DNA was identified in eight (0.7%) of 1144 cytologically normal patients; nine (10.5%) of 86 ASCUS; seven (25.0%) of 28 LSIL; 26 (78.8%) of 33 HSIL; and in all of three squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). HPV positivity was significantly associated with cytohistological diagnosis for HSIL of more. In addition, HPV-positive ASCUS cases were found to be associated with histological abnormality rather than HPV-negative. The results indicate that high-risk HPV testing by PCR could be a useful adjunct tool for Pap smear in primary cervical screening. The combination of Pap smear and high-risk HPV testing by PCR might reduce unnecessary colposcopy-guided biopsy of women with cytological diagnosis of ASCUS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2303.2001.00302.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Galanin-Immunoreactive Cells and Their Relation to Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide-, Substance P- and Somatostatin-Immunoreactive Cells in Rat Lumbar Dorsal Root Ganglia (2003)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 32 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report upon the distribution of galanin-immunoreactive (GAL-IR) cells in the lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the rat, and upon the distribution of GAL-IR cells, which also contain calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-, substance P (SP)- and somatostatin (SOM)-immunoreactivity. Neuropeptide-immunoreactive lumbar DRG cells were 55.8% for CGRP, 12.7% for SP, and 6.5% for GAL in lumbar DRG cells. There was no significant difference between the right and left DRGs (L1−L6) for any neuropeptide-immunoreactive cell (P〈0.01). In terms of size distribution, CGRP-immunoreactive cells were identified below 1500 μm2, and SP-, and GAL-IR cells below 600 μm2. Neuropeptide immunoreactive cells showed various immunoreactivities in the cytoplasm according to each neuropeptide. CGRP and SP immunoreactive cells were colocalized with GAL immunoreactive cells in the serial sections about 83.3 and 60% respectively, but SOM colocalizing with GAL-IR cells were not in evidence. The current results confirm and extend previous results, and show that neuropeptides can coexist in single sensory neurones of the rat DRG. In addition, our results demonstrate that the normal distribution of some neurotransmitters modulating sensory action in Wistar Kyoto rat, make this model more prone to develop neuropathic pain than Sprague-Dawley rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0264.2003.00425.x
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