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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement of CoSi2 thermal stability by cavity formation (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 3419-3421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We propose a method to improve the thermal stability of thin CoSi2 layers on polycrystalline silicon substrates. Nitrogen atoms have been implanted at 55 keV to a dose of 5×1015/cm2 through a 70 nm silicide layer in order to locate the implanted peak near the silicide/silicon interface. The large band of cavities created at the interface has extended the thermal stability window by 125 °C with respect to the standard process. The improvement has been related to the silicide grain-boundary pinning due to the increase of the interface free energy contribution. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1420785
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of N-induced heterogeneous nucleation and growth of cavities at the CoSi2/polycrystalline–silicon interface (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 81 (2002), S. 55-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: N-induced cavity nucleation at the CoSi2/Si interface has been investigated for different doses and its influence on improving the thermal stability of the silicide layer up to 1075 °C has been detailed. The N-implant energy and doses have been chosen in such a way that the projected range (Rp) was near the interface and the underlying polycrystalline silicon substrate was completely amorphized. After a thermal treatment of 975 °C, it has been found that the cavity density depends on the dose, but the cavity size is dose independent. The cavity density should be enough to saturate the silicide grain boundaries but not so high to neglect ripening and coalescence. A density of 2.5×1010 cavities/cm2 has been measured at a nitrogen dose of 7×1015/cm2 corresponding to a partial saturation of the silicide grain boundaries and to the higher stability gain (150 °C). © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1488697
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatitis C virus quasispecies in the natural course of HCV-related disease in patients with haemophilia (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Patients with haemophilia show high prevalence of hepatitis C infection but low rate of progressive liver disease when they are not co-infected with HIV. The balance between host immune system and hepatitis C virus (HCV) variability seems to play a major role in the evolution of the HCV-related disease. To address this point we have studied, in a group of selected patients with haemophilia, the composition and in some cases the evolution, of the highest variable envelope gene within the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the HCV, which is the region more directly exposed to the host immune response. Five of 12 patients show a very high homogeneity of the HVR1 and four of those had severe progressive liver disease. These results seem to confirm the major role of the immunity in driving the variability of the HCV rather than the high degree of different HCV strains to which haemophiliacs have been in touch with, during their long-term replacement therapy. Our results seem in keeping with other studies on different type of patients, where a low degree of quasispecies variability has been demonstrated in relationship with the progression and the severity of their liver disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.2003.00846.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring the physiological activity of plants by means of EPR spectroscopy. Mn(II) signals in Pinus nigra Arnold (2000)
    Springer
    Trees 14 (2000), S. 312-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Key words Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Photosynthesis ; Ageing ; Pinus nigra ; Biosensors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Differently aged needles from a Pinus nigra Arnold tree growing in a typical urban area have been examined by means of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and the variation of the observed six-line Mn (II) signal was monitored for 1 year. An inverse trend has been established between the photosynthetic efficiency of the plant and the measured content of Mn (II). The possibility of using EPR spectroscopy in studying ageing and in assessing stress situations in plants is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004680050223
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence and clinical characteristics of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders: report from a single center (2000)
    Springer
    Transplant international 13 (2000), S. S382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Transplantation ; Complications ; PTLD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the period 1973–1998, among 2 139 allograft recipients treated with standard immunosuppression, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) developed in 19 patients (0.9 %): one plasmacytic hyperplasia, two polymorphic PTLD, one myeloma, and 15 lymphomas. PTLD developed 1 year after transplantation (tx) in 14 patients. Five patients were diagnosed at autopsy, 2 were lost to follow up, 3 died before therapy could be instituted, and 1 patient has just started chemotherapy. Of the 8 evaluable patients, 2 received acyclovir and are alive in complete remission (CR) and 6 received chemotherapy ± surgery. Of these 6, 4 died of lymphoma and/or infection, 1 died of unrelated causes in CR, and 1 is alive in CR. PTLD is a severe complication of tx, usually running an aggressive course which may preclude prompt diagnosis and treatment. Nevertheless, therapy is feasible and must be tailored on the histologic subtype. Seventy-four percent of patients were diagnosed with late-onset PTLD stressing the need for long-term follow up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001470050367
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