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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design optimization of axially laminated rotors for synchronous reluctance motors (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6298-6300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This article describes a design optimization of an axially laminated rotor of the synchronous reluctance motor, using the optimization method combined with the magnetic field analysis. The magnetic flux distribution in the synchronous reluctance motor is distorted due to the complicated rotor configuration and the influence of magnetic saturation, which results in a large number of local minimum solutions. Therefore, taking account of the magnetic saturation by the finite element method, the authors propose a novel optimization approach by coupling the stochastic search method with the deterministic one. In the optimization process a suitable objective function for the stability of machine performances is also proposed. Finally some numerical results that demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach are presented. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372685
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of electron–hole interaction on electron spin relaxation in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells at room temperature (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 3394-3398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We investigated electron spin relaxation with respect to the spatial electron–hole separation in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells at room temperature. The polarization dependent time-resolved photoluminescence method was used to measure the electron spin relaxation time by applying an electric field perpendicular to the quantum wells. The spin relaxation time had a strong electric field dependence and largely increased with an increase in the spatial electron–hole separation. These results cannot be explained by only the D'yakonov–Perel process, which has often been considered the cause of spin relaxation. We discuss the possible mechanisms that cause the spin relaxation by taking into account the electron–hole exchange interaction. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372356
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IgE-binding activity to enzyme-digested ovomucoid distinguishes between patients with contact urticaria to egg with and without overt symptoms on ingestion (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: We occasionally see egg-allergic children who develop contact urticaria to hen's egg despite the absence of the overt symptoms on ingestion. The mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Methods: Twenty-one subjects with positive reactions to 20-min patch tests for egg-white antigens were divided into subgroups with positive (n=10) and negative (n=11) results to oral challenge tests by the same antigens. We measured IgE antibody for egg white and its components, and IgE-binding activities to digestive enzyme-treated ovomucoid by RAST inhibition. Results: There were no significant differences in IgE antibody titers to egg white (positive vs negative: 30.3%vs 15.3%, P=0.130), ovomucoid (21.5%vs 10.2%, P=0.078), ovotransferrin (9.9%vs 3.7%, P=0.105), and lysozyme (3.4%vs 2.9%, P=0.944), except ovalbumin (16.8%vs 5.6%, P=0.024), between the positive and negative subjects in the provocation tests. In contrast, the concentration (1.93 μg/ml) of pepsin-treated ovomucoid needed for 50% RAST inhibition in the challenge-positive subjects was significantly (P=0.0003) lower than that(114.9 μg/ml) of negative subjects. Similar but less significant differences were obtained when ovomucoid fragments treated with chymotrypsin (0.91 μg/ml vs 6.86 μg/ml, P=0.014) and trypsin (0.75 μg/ml vs 4.67 μg/ml, P=0.041) were used as inhibitors. Conclusions: We suggest that IgE antibodies from subjects showing contact urticaria despite the absence of reactions to the ingestion of egg white recognize the epitope(s) unstable to digestive enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00430.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathologic changes in the common bile duct of an experimental model with pancreaticobiliary maljunction without biliary dilatation (2000)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 16 (2000), S. 26-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Pancreaticobiliary maljunction ; Choledochal cyst ; Common bile duct abnormalities ; Pancreatic duct abnormalities ; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM), a congenital anomaly, causes regurgitation of pancreatic juice into the biliary tract, where it exerts a hazardous influence. However, changes in the common bile duct (CBD) remain obscure due to a lack of suitable experimental models. Using cats, we have developed an experimental model of PBM without bile-duct dilatation that allows the pure effects of PBM to be studied. Histologic and cellular kinetic changes in the CBD were analyzed in 6 controls and 9 experimental animals that survived for more than 6 months. CBD sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and a monoclonal antibody to the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Invaginations of the bile-duct epithelium or parietal sacculi increased, and peribiliary glands were well-developed. PCNA-positive cells significantly increased in the CBD, especially in the parietal sacculi and glands. It is concluded that PBM increases the cell cycle in CBD epithelium and subsequently developed peribiliary glands. These developed glands may be associated with the formation of protein plugs, often seen in patients with PBM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050007
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanism of a human reaction to vibration stress by palmar sweating in relation to autonomic nerve tone (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Palmar sweating ; Vibration stress ; Autonomic nerve tone ; Cholinergic and adrenergic nerve fibers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: To clarify the mechanism of a human reaction to vibration stress by palmar sweating in relation to the autonomic nerve tone. Methods: The autonomic nerve tone was divided into four types by using digital photoelectroplethysmography (PTG) with auditory stimuli: normal (N), hyperreactive (I and D), and hyporeactive (P) types. Palmar sweating and digital PTG were simultaneously measured on the right palm and middle finger, respectively, in 20 healthy men. The left hand gripping the handle with a grasp strength of 49 N was exposed to vibration at a frequency of 125 Hz and acceleration magnitudes of 0 m/s2 (as a control), 30 m/s2, or 50 m/s2 for 3 min. The volume of palmar sweating was recorded before, during, and 30 min after vibration load. Three kinds of drugs related to the autonomic nervous system were orally administered to the subjects. Then 80 min after administration, the experiments were repeated. Results: Of 20 subjects, 17 showed normal autonomic nerve tone (N type), and 3 hyperreactive (I type). The palmar sweating reaction to vibration in I-type subjects was greater and lasted longer than that in N-type subjects. Vibration with an acceleration of 50 m/s2 produced the greatest reaction which was about 7 times larger than that at 0 m/s2 and 2.5 times that at 30 m/s2 (P 〈 0.01). Sulpiride decreased palmar sweating during vibration, while prazosin and scopolamine inhibited it. Conclusions: The palmar sweating reaction to vibration stress was related to the background level of the autonomic nerve tone. The sweating volume was in direct proportion to the acceleration magnitude of vibration. The reaction of palmar sweating to vibration stress may be mediated through both the adrenergic and cholinergic fibers of the autonomic nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007936
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution, organization and evolution of two abundant and widespread repetitive DNA sequences in the genus Hordeum (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 169-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Barley ; Hordeum ; In situ hybridization ; Phylogeny ; Tandemly repeated DNA sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The genomic organization and chromosomal distributions of two abundant tandemly repeated DNA sequences, dpTa1 and pSc119.2, were examined in six wild Hordeum taxa, representing the four basic genomes of the genus, by Southern and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The dpTa1 probe hybridized to between 30 and 60 sites on the chromosomes of all five diploid species studied, but hybridization patterns differed among the species. Hybridization of the pSc119.2 sequence to the chromosomes and Southern blots of digested DNA detected signals in Hordeum bulbosum, Hordeum chilense, Hordeum marinum and Hordeum murinum 4x, but not in Hordeum murinum 2x and Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum. A maximum of one pSc119.2 signal was observed in the terminal or subterminal region of each chromosome arm in the species carrying this sequence. The species carrying the same I-genome differed in the presence (Hordeum bulbosum) or absence (Hordeum spontaneum) of pSc119.2. The presence of pSc119.2 in the tetraploid cytotype of Hordeum murinum, but its absence in the diploid cytotype, suggests that the tetraploid is not likely to be a simple autotetraploid of the diploid. Data about the inter- and intra-specific variation of the two independent repetitive DNA sequences give information about both the interrelationships of the species and the evolution of the repetitive sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050023
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