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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiac surgery 16 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The Cardiac Support Device (CSD), a preformed-knitted polyester device surgically placed over the cardiac ventricles, prevents left ventricular (LV) remodeling and improves LV ejection fraction (EF) in dogs with heart failure (HF). This study was designed to examine the safety of the CSD in patients with advanced HF. As of December 31, 1999, the CSD was implanted into 22 patients with myocardial disease. Ten patients had concomitant mitral valve repair, two patients had valve replacement (one patient aortic and one patient mitral), one patient had LV assist device (LVAD) placement, and eight patients received only the CSD. The CSD was placed while on bypass with the heart beating, attached to the epicardium groove, and tailored anteriorly to snugly fit the ventricles. There were no intraoperative deaths or complications. Two patients died early from non-CSD-related causes 4 and 23 days postoperatively; one late death occurred. Of the remaining 19 patients, none had any CSD-related adverse events during an average 3.5 ± 0.4 month follow-up. All patients had completed 3-month follow-up. No patients had evidence of constrictive and/or restrictive physiology. Mitral valve regurgitation (MVR) improved in all patients. 〈inlineGraphic alt="inline image" href="urn:x-wiley:08860440:JOCS113:JOCS_113_fu1" location="image_n/JOCS_113_fu1.gif" extraInfo="missing"/〉 Initial findings indicate that the CSD is safe and improves heart failure symptoms and LV function. Additional studies and longer follow-up are needed t o confirm these results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Smoking is a major risk factor for both Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and respiratory tract infections. Such infections, both viral and bacterial, also increase the SIDS risk. This study investigated the effect of cigarette smoke at two stages of infection: 1) mucosal surface colonization; 2) induction and control of inflammatory responses. For colonization, RSV or influenza A infected cells bound several bacterial species in significantly higher numbers due to increased expression of host cell antigens. Buccal epithelial cells from smokers bound significantly more bacteria. For Staphylococcus aureus, this was associated with increased tar levels. Some SIDS deaths have been proposed to result from high levels of pro-inflammatory mediators elicited by infection and/or cigarette smoke during a developmental period when infants are less able to control inflammatory responses. Inflammatory reponses were compared between blood samples from smokers (n = 42) and non-smokers (n = 60) stimulated with TSST-1 or LPS. Non-smokers had significantly higher IL-6 (P = 0.011), IFN (P = 0.003) and IL-10 (P = 0.000) baseline levels. Non-smokers had higher IFN (P = 0.008) and IL-1 (P = 0.001, 0.007) responses to LPS and higher IL-10 responses to TSST-1 (P 〈 0.05) and LPS (P 〈 0.000). This study highlights that smoking increases the SIDS risk by greater susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections and enhanced bacterial binding after passive coating of mucosal surfaces with smoke components. In animal models, IL-10 reduced the lethal effect of staphylococcal toxins. In this study, smokers had lower IL-10 responses to TSST-1 and LPS. Dose response effects of cigarette smoke exposure needs to be established in relation to inflammatory response control and infantile infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: There is increasing evidence that inflammatory responses have been elicited in some Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) infants and that these responses are under genetic control. The objective of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that the cytokine responses of SIDS parents (n = 41) differed significantly from control donors (n = 61). Blood samples were stimulated with the staphylococcal toxin TSST-1 and LPS from Eschericia coli and assessed for production of TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IFN and IL-10. In response to TSST-1 (P 〈 0.02) and LPS (P 〈 0.002), SIDS parents produced higher levels of IL-1 than the controls. SIDS parents produced higher levels of IFN in response to TSST-1 compared to LPS (P 〈 0.001) although in response to LPS, the IFN (P = 0.0008) and IL-6 (P 〈 0.0002) responses of the SIDS parents were lower than those of the controls. For TNF and IL-10, there was little difference between the two groups unless the effect of smoking was considered. As part of this work, a small pilot genotyping study was carried out using DNA from SIDS parents (n = 10), control donors (n = 10) and Bangladeshi subjects (n = 10). An IFN polymorphism (3/3) was found in 40%, 15.4% and 0% of donors respectively. Staphylococcal toxins have been identified in SIDS infants therefore this study highlights the importance of assessing IL-1 levels. Determination of cytokine polymorphisms and consideration of interactions between these and environmental factors such as smoking in high, average and low risk ethnic groups will assist in establishing the contribution of these factors to an infant's susceptibility to SIDS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 7713-7724 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Intense peaks are observed in angular intensity distributions for HD scattering from the Cu(001) surface. These can be ascribed to coherent diffraction with translational energy transfers of ΔE=0, −11.0, or 33.11 meV to molecular rotational energy. Time-of-flight spectra, at other scattering angles, display inelastic peaks that are assigned to phonon creation or annihilation processes with either the HD rotationally elastic or inelastic transitions. The HD phonon dispersion curves suggest a strong HD coupling both with surface Rayleigh modes and with bulk phonon modes of the metal surface. Comparisons of both elastic and inelastic scattering intensities are also made with those reported for the Ni(001) surface. To explain an apparent anomalous diffraction peak intensity ratio for Ni, a preferential coupling for the HD J=0 rotational state into a predissociation channel above the Ni surface is proposed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 32 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The morphology of canine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) before puberty is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of our study was to elucidate the morphological characteristics of pre-pubertal oocytes and cumulus cells by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The pre-pubertal oocyte was characterized by accumulation of lipid yolk droplets in the cytoplasm as well as high energy metabolism, low protein synthesis and high transcriptional activity of the cumulus cells. The cumulus cells, which revealed a prominent nucleus and few cytoplasm, communicated with each other by few short processes and exhibited merely a small amount of processes reaching the oocyte. Our studies imply that both the oocyte and the cumulus cells of canine COCs before puberty reveal characteristic morphological features which are correlated with changes in oocyte metabolism and cumulus cell communication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 11 (2000), S. 400-407 
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Disease monitoring – Hand bone mineral density – Periarticular osteoporosis – Quantitative ultrasound – Rheumatoid arthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Periarticular osteopenia is the earliest radiographic sign of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent studies using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) have indicated that the loss of periarticular BMD can be quantified by whole-hand bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. The aim of this study was to analyze periarticular BMD in more detail by DXA and quantitative ultrasound (QUS). In a cross-sectional study 23 women aged 30–76 years with early RA, mean disease duration 26 ± 19 months, and 18 men aged 42–69 years, mean disease duration 24 ± 25 months, were examined. All patients received antirheumatic therapy. The reference population consisted of 103 age-matched controls (68 females, 35 males) and young healthy controls. BMD measurements were performed using a DXA Expert XL densitometer (Lunar). BMD of the whole-hand and two subregions was determined: two subchondral regions of interest (S.CH.) were set within the trabecular bone, distal to the proximal interphalangeal joints of digits II and III excluding the dense subchondral bone of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint and two metacarpal regions of interest (MCP) were set including the entire MCP joint of these fingers. QUS measurements at the proximal phalanges of digits II–V were performed using a DBM Sonic (Igea); amplitude-dependent speed of sound (Ad-SoS) was determined. In comparison with whole-hand BMD measurements, bone loss was pronounced in patients with a disease duration of 18–72 months at the subchondral regions of interest in both genders compared with age-matched controls (women: mean BMD loss S.CH. −23%, p〈0.001, whole-hand −16%, p〈0.001; men: mean BMD loss S.CH. −19%, p〈0.05, whole-hand −12%, p〈0.05). The bone changes were also shown by QUS (women: Ad-SOS values of 1950 ± 90 m/s in RA vs 2137 ± 35 m/s in young healthy controls (p〈0.005); men AD-SOS 1956 ± 87 m/s in RA vs 2146 ± 41 m/s in young healthy controls (p〈0.05)). These results show that BMD and Ad-SOS values are significantly lowered in patients with early RA and indicate that periarticular osteoporosis in early RA might possibly be better detected using detailed hand scan analyses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 29 (2000), S. 439-446 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging ; Sacroiliac joint ; Septic sacroiliitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To investigate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in detecting septic sacroiliitis and to determine whether the MR characteristics allow this entity to be differentiated from sacroiliitis in spondylarthropathy (SpA). Patients and design. The imaging findings of 11 patients with septic sacroiliitis were retrospectively analyzed by two experienced radiologists. Radiographic surveys of the pelvis as well as computed tomography (CT) and MR images of the sacroiliac joints were available in all cases. Seven of the patients additionally underwent a follow-up MR examination. The MR imaging protocol comprised combinations of coronal and transverse T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) or fast SE sequences, T2-weighted gradient-echo (GE) sequences and short tau inversion recovery sequence (STIR) sequences as well as dynamic contrast- enhanced T1-weighted acquisitions. Results. Three patients with a short disease history showed anterior and/or posterior subperiosteal infiltrations (”lava cleft phenomenon”), transcapsular infiltrations of juxta-articular muscle layers, which obscured the fasciae, and periarticular bone marrow edema. The eight patients with more advanced stages of sacroiliitis additionally showed abscess formation, sequestration, and erosion. At follow-up MR examination (n=7) under systemic antibiotic treatment, the morphologic characteristics showed progression (n=1), regression (n=4), unchanged findings (n=1), or a mixed response (n=1). Clinical improvement precedes resolution of the MR findings. Conclusions. Anterior and/or posterior subperiosteal infiltrations and transcapsular infiltrations of juxta-articular muscle layers were depicted in all patients. These MR imaging findings are characteristic of septic sacroiliitis and may be used to differentiate this entity from sacroiliitis in SpA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 59 (2000), S. 117-121 
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter¶Spondylarthropathien –¶Inzeptionskohorte – Verlauf –¶Prognose – Pathogenese ; Key words Spondyloarthropathy – inception cohort – course –¶prognosis – pathogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The spondyloarthropathies (SpA) are important inflammatory rheumatic diseases – not only because patients of young age are frequently involved. Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy are prototypes of SpA which share several clinical features and the strong association with HLA B27. Despite its high prevalence there are many shortcomings in early diagnosis and therapy of SpA. The same is true for the knowledge on course, prognostic factors, and the socioeconomic consequences of these diseases. Furthermore, our knowledge about pathogenesis and therapy is still limited. Due to the known deficiencies in rheumatologic education, there are clear-cut deficiencies in the health care provided by general practioners. The aim of the project presented here is to built up a cohort of early SpA patients to learn about course and outcome of SpA. In this regard, special attention is paid to the inclusion of patients with juvenile SpA since AS starts frequently in the 2nd decade of life and because the clinical picture with more frequent peripheral joint involvement differs from AS of adult onset. Moreover, these cohorts play an essential role for other projects of the MedNet subdivision of infect-associated arthritides/spondyloarthropathies in which studies on diagnosis, therapy, immunology, and genetics of the SpA performed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Spondylarthropathien (SpA) gehören zu den wichtigsten entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen – nicht zuletzt, weil häufig Patienten jüngeren Lebensalters betroffen sind. Durch die vielen klinischen Gemeinsamkeiten und die hochgradige Assoziation mit HLA B27 zählen die ankylosierende Spondylitis, die undifferenzierte Spondylarthropathie und die reaktive Arthritis zu den Prototypen der SpA. Trotz der relativ hohen Prävalenz dieser Erkrankungen gibt es große Defizite in Frühdiagnostik und ¶-therapie. Dies trifft auch auf den Wissensstands über Verlauf, prognostische Faktoren und sozioökonomische Bedeutung dieser Erkrankungen zu. Ebenso sind die Vorstellungen zu Pathogenese und Therapie noch wenig befriedigend. Durch die fehlende breite rheumatologische Ausbildung liegt ein klares Defizit vor allem im nicht-rheumatologischen hausärztlichen Bereich vor. Ziel des hier vorgestellten Projektes ist es, ein Kollektiv von SpA-Patienten mit Frühformen der Erkrankung aufzubauen, um zu Aussagen über Verlauf und Outcome für die SpA zu kommen. Der Einschluß von Kindern mit juveniler SpA ist dabei von besonderer Bedeutung, da der Beginn der AS häufig in der 2. Lebensdekade liegt und die klinische Manifestation mit vorwiegend peripherer Gelenkbeteiligung sich von Erwachsenen zum Teil unterscheidet. Darüber hinaus sind diese Kollektive essentieller Bestandteil für andere Teilprojekte des Bereichs infektassoziierter Arthritiden/Spondylarthopathien im Rahmen des MedNet, um Studien zur Diagnostik, Therapie, Immunologie und Genetik der SpA durchzuführen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Undifferenzierte Kollagenose –¶Antiphosholipidsyndrom –¶Pulmonale Hypertonie –¶Iloprosttherapie ; Key words Undifferentiated connective tissue disease –¶antiphospholipid syndrome –¶pulmonary hypertension –¶iloprost therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Undifferentiated connective tissue disease with secondary antiphospholipid syndrome was diagnosed in a 33 year old woman after recurrent arterial thromboses, two miscarriages and myocarditis. Despite effective immunosuppression and anticoagulation her initially mild precapillary pulmonary hypertension progressed in the absence of thromboembolic events, cardiopulmonary disease or other systemic disorders. With continuous i.v. ¶iloprost in a dosage of up to ¶4.5 ng/kg/min for a total of 15 months, her 6 min walking-distance improved from 210 to 315 m, the pulmonary vascular resistance decreased from 1710 to 1111 dyn×s×cm–5 and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure decreased from 64 to 54 mmHg. This partial success of conservative treatment enabled a reassessment of the necessity for heart and lung transplantation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine 33-jährige Patientin, bei der vor zwei Jahren eine undifferenzierte Kollagenose mit sekundärem Antiphospholipidsyndrom bei arteriellen Thrombosen, zwei Aborten und Myokarditis diagnostiziert worden war, hatte trotz effektiver Immunsuppression und Antikoagulation eine deutliche Progredienz der initial milde ausgeprägten präkapillären pulmonalen Hypertonie. Hinweise auf thrombembolische Ereignisse, kardiopulmonale oder andere systemische Erkrankungen als Ursache der pulmonalen Hypertonie fanden sich nicht. Nach Einleitung einer kontinuierlichen intravenösen Iloprost-Therapie mit Dosissteigerung bis 4,5 ng/kg/min zeigte sich nach insgesamt fünfzehnmonatiger Therapie sowohl eine verbesserte Belastbarkeit im Gehstreckentest über sechs Minuten (von 210 auf 315 m) als auch eine Reduktion des pulmonalvaskulären Widerstandes (von 1710 auf 1111 dyn×s×cm–5) und des pulmonalarteriellen Mitteldrucks (von 64 auf 54 mmHg). Durch den partiellen Erfolg der konservativen Therapie konnte die Indikation für eine kombinierte Herz-Lungentransplantation zunächst relativiert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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