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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 2283-2285 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Coupled arrays of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers were realized by patterning the reflectivity of the top-distributed Bragg reflector using a phase-matching layer and a metal grid. For improved current injection and better heat dissipation the devices were selectively oxidized. Continuous-wave room-temperature operation of these arrays has been achieved at 960 nm. Near- and far-field measurements confirm the phase-coupling in a typical out-of-phase mode pattern. Analysis of the differential efficiency reveals a strong decrease when the number of lasing pixels and hence the mesa size is increased. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 7-9 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thickness and position of an oxide layer inside a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser structure have been optimized for minimum optical scattering loss. In the resulting structure, the index guiding provided by the oxide aperture is very small. Consequently, for an oxide aperture radius 〈2 μm, the optical mode is only weakly confined. In devices using such small apertures, the formation of a thermal lens has a strong influence on optical guiding. The thermal lens leads to lower threshold currents and increased differential efficiency with continuous wave as compared to pulsed injection operation in devices with small apertures. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA)-containing formulations represent a cornerstone in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Recently, a new formulation has been developed to provide selective and more homogeneous release of 5-ASA compared to traditional systems.Methods : In a first study, gastrointestinal transit was followed by gamma-scintigraphy after single-dose application of tablets containing 1200 mg mesalazine to 12 healthy male volunteers. 5-ASA release was verified by the assessment of plasma pharmacokinetics. In a second, 7-day, multiple-dose study, the steady state plasma pharmacokinetics, urinary excretion and safety profile were characterized after twice-daily tablet administration to 12 healthy volunteers.Results : Tablet erosion started after 6.9 ± 1.1 h in the ascending or transverse colon. Radioactivity spread homogeneously throughout the colon, indicating the sustained release of active 5-ASA. Plasma kinetics indicated an earlier initial absorption of 5-ASA, i.e. during transit of the small intestine and ileum. Mean Cmax values (350.6 ± 322.6 ng/mL) were observed during location in the ileo-caecal region. The mean relative absorption of 5-ASA was 19.9 ± 18.2% in the small intestine and ileum and 80.1 ± 18.2% in the colon.Conclusions : The administration of the new mesalazine formulation was well tolerated, and 5-ASA was continuously released along the whole colon, a favourable prerequisite for the therapy of distally located inflammatory bowel disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid)-containing formulations, designed to optimize drug delivery to the ileo-caecal region, represent a cornerstone in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.Aim : To test, by means of pharmaco-scintigraphy, whether novel mesalazine-containing pellets release 5-aminosalicylic acid in the same target region as mesalazine tablets (Salofalk).Methods : Fourteen healthy male volunteers received a single dose of either pellets or tablets containing 500 mg of mesalazine and 2 mg of 152Sm2O3 with a 1-week washout period. The gastrointestinal transit of 153Sm, incorporated into the formulations, was followed by gamma-scintigraphy. Mesalazine release was verified by assessing 5-aminosalicylic acid plasma pharmacokinetics.Results : The formulations reached the ileo-caecal target region almost at the same time (3.3 ± 1 and 3.8 ± 1 h for pellets and tablets, respectively). Plasma 5-aminosalicylic acid tmax values were comparable and corresponded to the time during which the formulations were located in the target region. Plasma AUC values were significantly lower for pellets, which might be explained by a more prolonged release of 5-aminosalicylic acid.Conclusions : Novel mesalazine pellets and Salofalk tablets release active 5-aminosalicylic acid in the same target region and pass through the gastrointestinal tract under fasting conditions in healthy volunteers in a comparable time. From a comparison of in vitro dissolution and plasma concentration data, a slower and more prolonged release of 5-aminosalicylic acid from pellets is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 55 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 55 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 55 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 16 (2000), S. 209-212 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 71.10.Fd Lattice fermion models (Hubbard model, etc.) - 71.10.Pm Fermions in reduced dimensions (anyons, composite fermions, Luttinger liquid, etc.)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We present a new finite-temperature quantum Monte Carlo algorithm to compute imaginary-time Green functions for a single hole in the t-J model on non-frustrated lattices. Spectral functions are obtained with the Maximum Entropy method. Simulations of the one-dimensional case show that a simple charge-spin separation Ansatz is able to describe the overall features of the spectral function such as the bandwidth and the compact support of the spectral function, over the whole energy range for values of J / t from 1/3 to 4. This is contrasted with the two-dimensional case. The quasiparticle weight Zk is computed on lattices up to L =128 sites in one dimension, and scales as .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Myocardial ischemia – ventricular arrhythmias – sudden death ; Schlüsselwörter Ventrikuläre Arrhythmien – Myokardischämie – Plötzlicher Herztod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der plötzliche Herztod bei koronarer Herzkrankheit wird zumeist durch das Auftreten ventrikulärer Tachyarrhythmien ausgelöst, deren Ursache in aller Regel ein komplexes Zusammenwirken zahlreicher anatomischer, funktioneller und akzidentell arrhythmogener Faktoren ist. In den letzten Jahren wurde dabei zunehmend deutlich, daß gerade das Auftreten einer akuten Myokardischämie als Leitsymptom der koronaren Herzkrankheit mit einem besonders hohen arrhythmogenen Risiko behaftet ist. Waren es zunächst vorwiegend experimentelle Untersuchungen, die einen solchen Zusammenhang nahelegten, so wird dies inzwischen auch durch klinische Befunde untermauert. Die vorliegende Übersicht konzentriert sich auf den klinischen Bereich und setzt sich mit der Frage Ischämie-bedingter Proarrhythmien bei unterschiedlichen Manifestationsformen der koronaren Herzkrankheit auseinander. Die Befunde zeigen dabei übereinstimmend, daß die akute Myokardischämie hinsichtlich ihres Arrhythmie-auslösenden und aggravierenden Potentials bisher deutlich unterschätzt wurde. Dennoch wird auch deutlich, daß der positive Vorhersagewert der einzelnen Ischämieepisoden für das Auftreten eines plötzlichen Herztodes in den meisten Patientengruppen weitaus zu gering ist, um eine klinisch relevante Risikostratifikation ableiten zu können. Arrhythmiediagnostik im klassischen Sinne (Langzeit-EKG, Elektrostimulation etc.), die sich bisher stets auf Ischämie-freie Patienten beschränkte, scheint in diesem Zusammenhang ebenfalls wenig vielversprechend, insbesondere da sie auch kaum die Progression der ischämischen Grunderkrankung in prädiktiver Hinsicht ausreichend mitberücksichtigen kann. Antiarrhythmika in ihren verfügbaren Formen konnten bei Ischämie-bedingten Arrhythmien bisher ebenfalls nicht überzeugen, sieht man von Betablockern ab. Spezifischere medikamentöse Therapieansätze (z. B. ATP-abhängige Kalium-Kanal-Blocker wie HMR 1883) sind durchaus vielversprechend, die bisherigen Erfahrungen beschränken sich allerdings auf den experimentellen Bereich. In diesem Umfeld erscheinen präventive Therapieansätze zur Vermeidung einer Myokardischämie, abgesehen von ihrem allgemeinen Nutzen bei der Reduktion von Morbidität und Mortalität der koronaren Herzkrankheit, immer noch als der vielversprechenste Ansatz und als “Antiarrhythmikum der Wahl” zur Vermeidung Ischämie-bedingter, lebensbedrohlicher Proarrhythmien.
    Notes: Summary There is increasing evidence for a fatal interaction of myocardial ischemia, ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in some patients with coronary disease. Evidence comes from autopsy studies, from the evaluation of patients who survived an episode of sudden cardiac death, from follow-up data of these patients either treated or not by revascularization therapy and/or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and indicate that reducing the individual ischemic burden will be beneficial to reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death. Studies in patients with stable and especially with unstable angina using Holter monitoring could demonstrate that there is a close and causal relationship between myocardial ischemia inducing or aggravating life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death particularly in patients with unstable and postinfarction status. This review summarizes some of our clinical knowledge on this topic and indicates the preventive strategies for myocardial ischemia are the antiarrhythmic treatment of choice in patients with severe coronary artery disease and patients with evidence or at risk for ischemic proarrhythmia.
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