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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defective embryogenesis with angiotensin II receptor antagonists in pregnancy (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    BJOG 110 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2003.02139.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of Positron-Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT) Technique for Velocity Measurements in Model Food Fluids (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 68 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Positron-emission particle tracking (PEPT) is a method of following particles in opaque fluids inside metal equipment. Comparison of experimental and theoretical velocity distributions obtained in aluminum pipes indicated that PEPT can be used to measure velocity distributions in viscous fluids for conditions of relevance to the food industry. Velocities were also measured for a fluid containing starch particles using 2 tracers having diameters of 600 and 240 μm. Velocity profiles were not significantly different, but the smaller tracer passed closer to the flow boundaries. PEPT was also used to quantify the effect of headspace on the velocity distributions of rotating cans containing soup. While in fully filled cans, fluid moved in circular motion, addition of air altered this, resulting in D-shape velocity contours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb05789.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fallibility of pain scores (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2001.02047-25.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analogue model to derive additional climate change scenarios from existing GCM simulations (2000)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 16 (2000), S. 575-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  Changes in land surface driving variables, predicted by GCM transient climate change experiments, are confirmed to exhibit linearity in the global mean land temperature anomaly, ΔT l . The associated constants of proportionality retain spatial and seasonal characteristics of the GCM output, whilst ΔT l is related to radiative forcing anomalies. The resultant analogue model is shown to be robust between GCM runs and as such provides a computationally efficient technique of extending existing GCM experiments to a large range of climate change scenarios. As an example impacts study, the analogue model is used to drive a terrestrial ecosystem model, and predicted changes in terrestrial carbon are found to be similar to those when using GCM anomalies directly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820000067
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of pulmonary blood flow in the perfluorocarbon-filled lung (2000)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 26 (2000), S. 756-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Liquid ventilation ; Perfluorocarbon ; Pulmonary blood flow ; Haemodynamics ; Microspheres
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Partial liquid ventilation (PLV) improves gas exchange in animal studies of lung injury. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are heavy liquids and are therefore preferentially delivered to the most dependent areas of lung. We hypothesised that improved oxygenation during PLV might be the consequence of a redistribution of pulmonary blood flow away from poorly ventilated, dependent alveoli, leading to improved ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) matching. This study investigated whether partially filling the lung with PFC would result in a redistribution of pulmonary blood flow.¶Design: Prospective experimental study.¶Setting: Hospital research institute laboratory.¶Participants: Six anaesthetised pigs without lung injury.¶Interventions: Animals were anaesthetised and ventilated (gas tidal volume 12 ml/kg, PEEP 5, FIO2 1.0, rate 16). Whilst the pigs were maintained in the supine position, regional pulmonary blood flow was measured during conventional gas ventilation and repeated during PLV. Flow to regions of lung was determined by injection of radioactive microspheres (Co57, Sn113, Sc46). Measurements were performed with ventilation held at end-expiratory pressure and, in two PLV animals only, repeated with ventilation held at peak inspiratory pressure.¶Results: During conventional gas ventilation, blood flow followed a linear distribution with the highest flow to the most dependent lung. In the lung partially filled with PFC a diversion of blood flow away from the most dependent lung was seen (p = 0.007), resulting in a more uniform distribution of flow down the lung (p = 0.006). Linear regression analysis (r 2 = 0.75) also confirmed a difference in distribution pattern. On applying an inspiratory hold to the liquid-containing lung, blood flow was redistributed back towards the dependent lung.¶Conclusions: Partially filling the lung with PFC results in a redistribution of pulmonary blood flow away from the dependent region of the lung. During PLV a different blood flow distribution may be seen between inspiration and expiration. The clinical significance of these findings has yet to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340051243
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lung recruitment and lung volume maintenance: a strategy for improving oxygenation and preventing lung injury during both conventional mechanical ventilation and high-frequency oscillation (2000)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 26 (2000), S. 745-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Intermittent positive pressure ventilation ; Positive end-expiratory pressure ; High-frequency oscillation ; Volume recruitment maneuvers ; Pulmonary mechanics ; Lung volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To determine whether using a small tidal volume (5 ml/kg) ventilation following sustained inflation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) set above the critical closing pressure (CCP) allows oxygenation equally well and induces as little lung damage as high-frequency oscillation following sustained inflation with a continuous distending pressure (CDP) slightly above the CCP of the lung.¶Material and methods: Twelve surfactant-depleted adult New Zealand rabbits were ventilated for 4 h after being randomly assigned to one of two groups: group 1, conventional mechanical ventilation, tidal volume 5 ml/kg, sustained inflation followed by PEEP 〉 CCP; group 2, high-frequency oscillation, sustained inflation followed by CDP 〉 CCP.¶Results: In both groups oxygenation improved substantially after sustained inflation (P 〈 0.05) and remained stable over 4 h of ventilation without any differences between the groups. Histologically, both groups showed only little airway injury to bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar airspace, with no difference between the two groups. Myleoperoxidase content in homogenized lung tissue, as a marker of leukocyte infiltration, was equivalent in the two groups.¶Conclusions: We conclude that a volume recruitment strategy during small tidal volume ventilation and maintaining lung volumes above lung closing is as protective as that of high-frequency oscillation at similar lung volumes in this model of lung injury
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340051242
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uncertainties linked to land-surface processes in climate change simulations (2000)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 16 (2000), S. 949-961 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  The impact of climate change on the hydrology of continental surfaces is critical for human activities but the response of the surface to this perturbation may also affect the sensitivity of the climate. This complex feedback is simulated in general circulation models (GCMs) used for climate change predictions by their land-surface schemes. The present study attempts to quantify the uncertainty associated with these schemes and what impact it has on our confidence in the simulated climate anomalies. Four GCMs, each coupled to two different land-surface schemes, are used to explore the spectrum of uncertainties. It is shown that, in this sample, surface processes have a significant contribution to our ability to predict surface temperature changes and perturbations of the hydrological cycle in an environment with doubled greenhouse gas concentration. The results reveal that the uncertainty introduced by land-surface processes in the simulated climate is different from its impact on the sensitivity of GCMs to climate change, indeed an alteration of the surface parametrization with little impact on model climate can affect sensitivity significantly. This result leads us to believe that the validation of land-surface schemes should not be limited to the current climate but should also cover their sensitivity to variations in climatic forcing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820000092
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of genetic diversity in three subsets constituted from the ICRISAT sorghum collection using random vs non-random sampling procedures A. Using morpho-agronomical and passport data (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 190-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Core collection ; Sorghum ; Morpho-agronomic diversity ; Sampling strategies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A large collection, such as the sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] landrace collection held at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), represents a challenge for the maintenance of both the accessions of and the information documented for the germplasm collection. The accessibility and knowledge of the landrace collection are the essential factors for an efficient utilization of the genetic resources by both breeders and farmers. Different sampling strategies, either random or non-random, were proposed to obtain subsets of reduced size (core collection). Three subsets were established; a random sampling within a stratified collection (logarithmic strategy: L); a sample based upon morpho-agronomic diversity (principal component score strategy: PCS); and a sample based upon an empirical knowledge of sorghum (taxonomic strategy: T). Comparisons of these three samples for morpho-agronomic characterization and passport information were assessed to determine their impact on phenotypic diversity. For their overall diversity, the three subsets did not differ, as shown with the two-dimensional representation of the morpho-agronomic diversity and the Shannon-Weaver diversity indices. When comparisons for morpho-agronomic and passport data were considered, the PCS subset looked similar to the entire landrace collection. The L subset showed differences for characters associated with the photoperiod reaction that was considered in the stratification of the collection. The T subset was the most distinct from the entire landrace collection as it over-represented the landraces selected by farmers for specific uses and covered the widest range of geographical adaptation and morpho-agronomic characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051468
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Three Subsets Constituted from the ICRISAT Sorghum Collection Using Random vs Non-Random Sampling Procedures B. Using molecular markers (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Core collection ; Sorghum ; SSRs ; Genetic diversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The large size of the sorghum [Sorghum bi-color (L.) Moench] landrace collection maintained by ICRISAT lead to the establishment of a core collection. Thus, three subsets of around 200 accessions were established from: (1) a random sampling after stratification of the entire landrace collection (L), (2) a selective sampling based on quantitative characters (PCS), and (3) a selection based on the geographical origin of landraces and the traits under farmers’ selection (T). An assessment was done of the genetic diversity retained by each sampling strategy using the polymorphisms at 15 microsatellite loci. The landraces of each subset were genotyped with three multiplex polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) of five fluorescent primer-pairs each with semi-automated allele sizing. The average allelic richness for each subset was equivalent (16.1, 16.3 and 15.4 alleles per locus for the subsets PCS, L, and T, respectively). The average genetic diversity was also comparable for the three subsets (0.81, 0.77 and 0.80 for the subsets PCS, L, and T, respectively). Allelic frequency distribution for each subset was compared with a chi-square test but few significant differences were observed. A high percentage of rare alleles (71 to 76% of 206 total rare alleles) was maintained in the three subsets. The global molecular diversity retained in each subset was not affected by a sampling procedure based upon phenotypic characters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051469
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