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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ETHNICITY AND JUDGES' SENTENCING DECISIONS: HISPANIC-BLACK-WHITE COMPARISONS (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Criminology 39 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-9125
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law
    Notes: This study uses data on Pennsylvania sentencing practices to compare the sentence outcomes of white, black, and Hispanic defendants. Besides the overall more lenient treatment of white defendants, our main finding is that Hispanic defendants are the defendant subgroup most at risk to receive the harshest penalty. This pattern is held across all comparisons—i.e., for both the in/out and term-length decisions and for both drug and nondrug cases. These findings are consistent with the “focal concerns” framework on sentencing and with hypotheses drawn from the writings on prejudice and inter group hostility suggesting that the specific social and historical context facing Hispanic Americans will exacerbate perceptions of their cultural dissimilarity and the “threat” they pose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2001.tb00919.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN PRETRIAL RELEASE DECISIONS AND OUTCOMES: A COMPARISON OF HISPANIC, BLACK, AND WHITE FELONY ARRESTEES (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Criminology 41 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-9125
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law
    Notes: The present study uses data on the processing of felony defendants in large urban courts to examine Hispanic, black, and white differences at the pretrial release stage. The major finding is that Hispanic defendants are more likely to be detained than white and black defendants. And, racial/ethnic differences are most pronounced in drug cases. In fact, Hispanic defendants suffer a triple burden at the pretrial release stage as they are the group most likely to be required to pay bail to gain release, the group that receives the highest bail amounts, and the group least able to pay bail. These findings are consistent with a focal concerns perspective of criminal case processing that suggests Hispanics as a newly immigrated group are especially prone to harsher treatment in the criminal case process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2003.tb01007.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ab initio investigation of the adsorption of benzene in mordenite (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 3703-3712 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The adsorption of benzene in pure-silica and acid mordenite has been investigated using density functional theory, both in the local density approximation and including generalized-gradient corrections. Benzene acts as a test molecule for studying the interaction between an aromatic hydrocarbon and a zeolite. Different adsorption modes have been studied for several acid sites. All configurations have been optimized by minimizing the total energy with respect to all lattice parameters and to the atomic coordinates. The strength of the adsorption is directly correlated to the local structural distortion of the zeolitic framework, especially of the acid site. Only if strong adsorption occurs, the molecule itself is slightly deformed. Furthermore, an analysis of the differential charges has been performed, indicating substantial polarization effects for the acid site as well as for the molecule. Finally, the red-shift of the OH-stretching frequencies due to the adsorption has been calculated. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1340673
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of linear hydrocarbons in zeolites: A density-functional investigation (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 6327-6334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An extensive first-principles periodical study of adsorption properties of linear hydrocarbons in zeolites is presented. The applicability of density-functional theory to weak interactions is inspected within both local-density (LDA) and generalized-gradient (GGA) approaches for C1 to C6 linear hydrocarbons. The LDA adsorption energies are due to the overbinding ∼2.5 times larger than the GGA values. A compact diagram is constructed showing the increase of the adsorption energy with the length of the adsorbed molecule and with the concentration of acid sites in the zeolite support. The flow of the electron density induced by the adsorption indicates that the adsorption on the acid site is realized through the hydrogen bonding between the OH group and the CH3 group. The pattern of the reconstructed bonding, however, is more complex than that of the simple hydrogen bond. The regions of redistributed electron density within the adsorbed molecule are spread over the whole CH3 group and the adjacent C–C bond. The off-centering of the reconstructed regions from atomic positions is in good agreement with recent 13C measurements, showing only slight variation of chemical shifts with the hydrocarbon length for both proton-free and the protonated forms of zeolites. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1355769
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DP IV, CD26) Activity Abrogates Stress-Induced, Cytokine-Mediated Murine Abortions (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 53 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the CBA × DBA/2 mouse model, stress-triggered abortions are mediated by a Th1-like cytokine response of decidual lymphocytes. The factors that determine the cytokine pattern leading to abortion are currently unknown. Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DP IV) enhances Th1-cytokine responses and impairs the evolvement of a Th2 cytokine profile. The T-cell-activation antigen, CD26, possesses DP IV activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of DP IV activity and CD26-positive decidual lymphocytes in murine stress-triggered abortions by inhibition of DP IV activity. DBA/2-mated CBA mice were stressed on day 5.5 of pregnancy and received daily injections of an inhibitor of DP IV activity, Ile-thiazolidide (20 µmol/kg). On day 13 of gestation, the animals were sacrificed and the percentage of implants and abortions documented. CD26-positive lymphocytes in spleen and uterine decidua and the intracellular cytokines interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10 were determined by flow cytometry. Stressed and nonstressed animals receiving an inactive stereoisomeric form were used as controls. In mice receiving the DP IV inhibitor, stress failed to boost the abortion rate (37.2% versus 13.6%, P 〈 0.01). IFN-γ producing cells were increased in stressed animals, but returned to the baseline upon the inhibition of DP IV. The number of IL-10 producing cells was reduced in stressed animals, independent from DP IV inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00901.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ascending colonic variceal bleeding: utility of phase-contrast MR portography in diagnosis and follow-up after treatment with TIPS and variceal embolization (2000)
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 1280-1283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ; Therapeutic embolization ; Gastrointestinal hemorrhage ; Colon ; Phase-contrast MR angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The authors describe the discovery of ascending colonic variceal veins via celiomesenteric diagnostic angiography following a bout of melena in a 44-year-old woman. Magnetic resonance imaging, including phase-contrast MR venography, allowed visualization of the portal and systemic veins immediately after the initial angiograms. The hemorrhagic episode did not resolve until after transjugular intrahepatic shunt insertion and selective variceal embolization through the shunt. At 1 week-, 3 months-, and 6 months post treatment, follow-up MR venography no longer revealed the presence of colonic varices. Colonoscopy at 6 months was normal and the patient did not have any further episodes of bleeding until a liver transplantation was performed after 9 months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003309900308
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Migratory activity of human glioma cell lines in vitro assessed by continuous single cell observation (2000)
    Springer
    Clinical & experimental metastasis 18 (2000), S. 589-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Keywords: brain tumor ; cell culture ; glioma ; invasion ; migration ; videomicroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A new migration assay, the time-lapse individual cell migration assay (TIM-assay), was developed, which allows the observation of cells over 24 h under controlled conditions. Using this technique, the migratory behavior of 8 human glioblastoma cell lines in vitro was studied. Special features are simultaneous documentation of migratory parameters of individual cells, i.e., migration velocities and migration paths of individual cells. Migration velocity for cell populations of the same cell line ranged from 0 to 24 μm/h. The migration paths were examined for being directional. Two thirds of all cells showed directional migration. Migration paths were further classified according to visual judgements for being linear, oscillating or mixed. The migration index had a mean of 91%. The presented TIM-assay allows the assessment of several new parameters, that may be useful to identify subgroups of gliomas with different biological characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011927004307
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional analysis of the minor subunits of S fimbrial adhesin (SfaI) in pathogenic Escherichia coli (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 263 (2000), S. 96-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words S fimbriae ; Adherence ; Minor subunit proteins ; Complementation ; Sialic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract S fimbrial adhesins I and II (SfaI and II), produced by extraintestinal Escherichia coli pathogens that cause urinary tract infections (UTI) and newborn meningitis (NBM), respectively, mediate bacterial adherence to sialic acid-containing glycoprotein receptors present on host epithelial cells and extracellular matrix. The S fimbrial adhesin complexes consist of four proteins: SfaI-A, the major subunit protein and the minor subunit proteins SfaI-G, SfaI-S and SfaI-H. Sialic acid-specific binding is mediated by the minor subunit protein SfaI-S. In order to determine whether the minor subunit proteins SfaI-G, -S and -H play a role in the modulation of adherence and the degree of fimbriation, a trans-complementation system was developed. A non-adhesive E. coli K-12 derivative, harbouring the sfaI-A gene but lacking sfaI-G, -S and -H, was transformed with sfaI-G, -S or -H. Only SfaI-S was able to increase the degree of fimbriation and to confer adhesion properties on the recombinant E. coli K-12 strains. Amino acid residues in SfaI-S that are involved in modulation of fimbriation as well as in receptor recognition were localized by random and site-directed mutagenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008680
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