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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrostatic fluctuations in the Current Sustained Torus IV at Nagoya University (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 2449-2455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A detailed experimental investigation of plasma fluctuation and its modification due to radial electric field effects, both its shear and curvature, has been carried out on the Current Sustained Torus IV at Nagoya University [Takamura et al., J. Plasma Fusion Res. 74, 38 (1998)] through measurement with an array of Langmuir probes. The observed statistical dispersion relation indicates a drift-wave-type turbulence. An examination of the radial electric field shear and curvature effects on the fluctuations as well as comparisons to theoretical predictions are presented. The decorrelation of turbulence is found to be influenced by the radial electric field shear in our experiment. A modification of the poloidal correlation length and the two-poloidal-point coherency due to the radial electric field has also been identified. Nonlinear analysis of quadratic mode coupling indicates that the radial electric field can affect the fluctuation amplitudes by modifying the coupling between different spectral components of the fluctuations. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874084
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency dependence of tokamak plasma response to the externally applied rotating helical field (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 3288-3300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The frequency dependence of the tokamak plasma response to the externally applied rotating helical field was investigated by measuring the radial profile of the perturbation field with small magnetic probes which were inserted in the plasma. The experimental results are discussed, directly comparing with the generally accepted linear theory, and taking into account the E×B drift and diamagnetic effect of the plasma. It was found that the experimental results are in good agreement with the simple linear analysis based on the single helicity approximation in a cylindrical geometry, except for the ergodic region, which comes from the overlapping of several sideband components of the perturbation. It is also found that the radial component of the perturbation field is still amplified inside the resonance surface (r〈rs), even when a partial shielding takes place at r(approximate)rs. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874194
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The lymphoproliferative response to enzymatically digested gelatin in subjects with gelatin hypersensitivity (2000)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 30 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was designed to evaluate the immunogenic characteristics of enzymatically digested gelatin, ‘FreAlagin’, employing the lymphoproliferative response in subjects with gelatin hypersensitivity. Our purpose was to assess the response of primed lymphocytes to the newly developed FreAlagin and compare it to the response to conventional gelatin.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉MethodsA gelatin-specific lymphocyte proliferation test (LPT) was performed in 110 children with adverse reactions to gelatin-containing vaccines, who showed positive gelatin-specific cell-mediated immunity and were thus diagnosed as having gelatin hypersensitivity. Gelatin-specific IgE was measured in all subjects. The antigenic activity of FreAlagin to lymphocytes was compared with that of conventional bovine gelatin. Positive and negative control specimens were obtained from the patients with anaphylaxis and from subjects inoculated with gelatin-free vaccine who showed no adverse reactions in order to establish the fluorometric ELISA system to determine IgE antibody to gelatin and LPT.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ResultsThe lymphocyte activity against FreAlagin was much less than that to Wako gelatin and more than half of the subjects who reacted positively to Wako gelatin had a negative LPT to FreAlagin. Although 47% of the subjects had positive LPTs to FreAlagin, all but two still had lower SIs to FreAlagin compared with Wako gelatin.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionWe conclude that the antigenic activity of FreAlagin as measured by the cell-mediated immune response is significantly less than that of conventional bovine gelatin. However, it is still necessary to perform clinical trials to show a reduced or absent clinical reactivity to FreAlagin in sensitized patients to conventional gelatin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00940.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphomatous features of aggressive NK cell leukaemia/lymphoma with massive necrosis, haemophagocytosis and EB virus infection (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims: Aggressive natural killer (NK) cell leukaemia will be categorized as a distinct entity in the new WHO classification of malignant lymphomas. However, its non-leukaemic features remain unclear. We therefore investigated the morphological and immunophenotypic features of this lymphoma.Methods and results: Four cases with aggressive NK cell lymphoma were morphologically and immunohistochemically studied. All cases followed an aggressive course with death occurring within about 3 months of initial presentation. In these cases, the neoplastic cells disseminated throughout systemic lymph nodes and invaded various tissues and organs. The lymphoma cells were large cells showing nuclear irregularity and a pattern of sinusoidal invasion in lymph nodes. Apoptosis and coagulation necrosis were both frequently observed. Haemophagocytosis was observed in all cases. Neoplastic cells in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from these patients had CD3(CD3ε)+ CD56(123C3)+ granzyme+ TIA-1+ EBERT+ CD43(MT1)− CD45RO(UCHL-1)− CD57(Leu7)− CD20(L26)− phenotypes. In the two cases where tissue was available for immunohistochemical study in frozen sections, neoplastic cells showed CD56(Leu19)+ perforin+ Fas ligand(FasL)+ CD2(Leu5b)− CD3(Leu4)− CD4(Leu3)− CD5(Leu1)− CD7(Leu9)− CD8(Leu2)−βF1− TCRδ1− phenotypes. CD16(Leu11b) was positive in one case.Conclusions: Natural killer cell lymphomas appear to represent a non-leukaemic counterpart of aggressive natural killer cell leukaemia, a relationship similar to that in adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Awareness and diagnosis of this aggressive lymphoma is important because of its fulminant course.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2000.00936.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Far-infrared irradiation-induced injuries to Escherichia coli at below the lethal temperature (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 19-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: infrared radiation; pasteurization; antibiotic; Escherichia coli; injured cell; lethal temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Escherichia coli in phosphate-buffered saline irradiated with far-infrared (FIR) energy was injured and killed even under the condition where the bulk temperature of the suspension was maintained below the lethal temperature. Using four kinds of antibiotics (penicillin G, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid and rifampicin), we investigated the FIR irradiation-induced damage to E. coli on the basis of the sensitivity changes to the antibiotics. FIR irradiation increased the organism’s sensitivity to rifampicin both below and above the lethal temperature. The increase in sensitivity to chloramphenicol was observed only when FIR irradiation occurred above the lethal temperature. These results suggest that the mechanism of FIR irradiation-induced death in E. coli differs according to whether the radiation exposure occurs above or below the lethal temperature. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 19–24.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900772
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aciculin and its relation to dystrophin: immunocytochemical studies in human normal and Duchenne dystrophy quadriceps muscles (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 99 (2000), S. 654-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Aciculin ; Dystrophin ; Binding site ; Normal and dystrophic muscles ; Ultrastructural ¶localization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aciculin is a novel adherens junction antigen extracted from human uterine smooth muscle that is reported to associate biochemically with dystrophin. We attempted to determine (i) the immunostainability of anti-aciculin antibody for the 6 histochemically normal human muscles and seven muscles from boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD) and 11 disease control muscles, (ii) the ultrastructural localization of aciculin in normal skeletal myofibers, (iii) aciculin’s spacial relationship with dystrophin and β-spectrin, and (iv) if the aciculin is ultrastructurally colocalized with dystrophin, the distance from the aciculin epitope to the epitope of the dystrophin N- or C-terminal domain. For this, rabbit anti-aciculin antibody was generated against the synthetic peptide of aciculin fragment D [4]. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the immunostainability of DMD muscles for anti-aciculin antibody was markedly decreased as compared with normal and disease control muscles. Single and double immunogold labeling electron microscopy of 6 histochemically normal human quadriceps femoris muscles revealed that aciculin was present along the inner surface of muscle plasma membrane and that aciculin formed doublets more frequently with dystrophin (23.5 ± 1.8%; group mean ± SE) than with β-spectrin (12.8 ± 1.1%; P 〈 0.01 two tailed t test). Rabbit anti-aciculin antibody frequently formed doublets with monoclonal antibodies against the N- or C-terminal domain of dystrophin at the muscle cell surface. These results suggest that aciculin is associated with dystrophin and may interact with both the N- and C-terminal domains of dystrophin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051176
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1H- and 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging as a new diagnostic tool to evaluate neuropathic foot ulcers in Type II diabetic patients (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 165-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Magnetic resonance, spectroscopy, imaging, neuropathic foot ulcers, fat, phosphocreatine, intracellular pH.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. We studied 36 Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients without occlusive arterial diseases in the lower extremities and 12 age-matched and sex-matched non-diabetic subjects to clarify the association between diabetic polyneuropathy and foot ulcers using 1H- and 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging.¶Methods. The 36 diabetic patients consisted of 12 patients with superficial foot ulcers and 24 patients free from this disease. We measured fat to water and phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate (PCr:Pi) ratios and calculated the intracellular pH of resting plantar muscles by depth-resolved surface-coil spectroscopy using an 1H-31P double tuned coil. Furthermore, foot vasculature, fat and PCr contents of plantar muscles were visualised by phase-contrast angiography, T1-weighted spin-echo imaging and 31P-chemical shift imaging.¶Results. The 12 foot ulcer patients showed a reduced PCr to Pi ratio (p 〈 0.001) and peripheral nerve functions (p 〈 0.01–0.001) but an increased fat to water ratio (p 〈 0.001) and intracellular pH (p 〈 0.001) compared with the 24 patients without ulcers. From stepwise multiple regression analyses, motor nerve function as well as severity of nephropathy was associated with both fat to water and PCr to Pi ratios. When these patients were categorised into three groups based on their level of motor nerve function, the frequency of foot ulcers of the lowest group was higher than that of the highest group.¶Conclusion/interpretation. Our findings indicated that motor nerve dysfunction in diabetic patients was closely associated with impaired energy metabolism, fatty infiltration and increased intracellular pH of plantar muscles and high frequency of foot ulcers. These new techniques could contribute to help clarify the predisposing factors for foot ulcers. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 165–172]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050025
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Usefulness of waveform analysis of popliteal artery in Type II diabetic patients using gated magnetic resonance 2D-cine-PC imaging and 31P spectroscopy (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 1031-1038 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Magnetic resonance ; popliteal artery ; waveform ; flow volume ; occlusive arterial disease ; arterial resistance ; plantar muscle ; high energy phosphate content.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. We studied 76 patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and 16 age-matched non-diabetic subjects (control group) to clarify qualitative and quantitative abnormalities of waveform and flow volume of the popliteal artery. Methods. The 76 diabetic patients comprised 16 patients with occlusive arterial disease in the lower extremities [arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) group] and 60 patients free from this disease (non-ASO group). We flow analysed the popliteal artery and measured the phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate ratio of resting plantar muscles to identify risk factors for foot lesions using gated magnetic resonance two-dimensional cine-mode phase-contrast imaging and 31P spectroscopy. Results. The control and non-ASO groups had a triphasic waveform with systolic, early and late diastolic components. All ASO patients had an abnormal monophasic waveform and a lower ankle brachial index than that of the control and non-ASO groups. To clarify the mechanism of reduced flow volume of lower extremities, we assigned the 60 patients of the non-ASO group to the three subgroups based on their levels of total flow volume of the popliteal artery. The lowest group showed an abnormal triphasic waveform with lower amplitudes of systolic and late diastolic components and flow velocities in foot arteries than those of the highest group although ABI was similar. From stepwise multiple regression analysis, late diastolic flow volume was identified as an independent determinant for the phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate ratio (r 2 = 0.484, p 〈 0.001). Conclusion/interpretation. Waveform analysis of popliteal artery provides a powerful tool for identifying impaired peripheral circulation caused by either occlusive arterial disease or increased arterial resistance in diabetic patients. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 1031–1038]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051486
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibacterial characteristics of magnesium oxide powder (2000)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 16 (2000), S. 187-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Active oxygen ; antibacterial activity ; ceramic ; magnesium oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The antibacterial activity of magnesium oxide (MgO) was studied. Inhibitory zones appeared around the MgO powder slurry put directly on nutrient agar plates seeded with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus. However, no zone was observed using a penicillin cup to avoid contact between the bacteria and the MgO powder. Moreover, the supernatant solution of the MgO powder slurry and a MgCl2 solution containing Mg2+ at a concentration of the solubility of MgO did not affect the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. Moreover, elevated shaking speed increased the death of E. coli in the slurry, indicating that the contact frequency between bacterial cells and MgO powders affected the antibacterial activity. It was considered that the contact between MgO powder and bacteria was important for the occurrence of its antibacterial activity. Since the generation of active oxygen, such as O2 −, from the MgO powder slurry was detected by chemiluminescence analysis, an investigation was carried out to determine whether active oxygen generated from MgO powder slurry was related to its antibacterial activity. The changes in the antibiotic sensitivity in E. coli treated by MgO powder agreed with those by active oxygen treatment. These results suggested that the active oxygen generated from the MgO powder slurry was one of the primary factors in its antibacterial activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008916209784
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