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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dexamethasone inhibits maturation, cytokine production and FcεRI expression of human cord blood-derived mast cells (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Mast cells are responsible for eliciting the early phase and for contributing to the development of the late phase of allergic reactions, through the release of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators.Objective To assess whether the glucocorticoid dexamethasone has a direct effect on mast cell progenitor maturation and on mature cord blood-derived mast cell properties.Methods Mast cells were obtained by culturing human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells with stem cell factor, IL-6 and prostaglandin E2. Mast cell numbers were assessed by Toluidine Blue staining and immunocytochemistry of tryptase positive cells. The expression of FcεRI, CD49d and c-kit was assessed by flow cytometry. Histamine release was determined by a radioenzymatic assay. Cys-LT, GM-CSF and TNF-α production and release were determined by ELISA.Results Dexamethasone (10−6 M−10−9 M) time- and dose-dependently inhibited the maturation of the mast cell progenitors. Dexamethasone did not affect the basal expression of FcεRI, CD49d and c-kit, but it inhibited the IgE-dependent enhanced expression of FcεRI. Dexamethasone (10−6 M−10−9 M) had no significant effect on FcεRI-dependent histamine release or the synthesis and release of Cys-LT from the mature mast cells. However, pre-incubation of the mast cell cultures with dexamethasone for 1 h, prior to cross-linking of FcεRI, dose-dependently inhibited the production and secretion of both GM-CSF and TNF-α.Conclusions From these in vitro data we propose that glucocorticosteroids are effective drugs in the management of allergic inflammation due to their capacity to inhibit mast cell development, IgE-dependent FcεRI expression and mast cell production of GM-CSF and TNF-α.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.01418.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human mast cells stimulate fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis and lattice contraction: a direct role for mast cells in skin fibrosis (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Mast cells, the key cells of immediate hypersensitivity type reactions, have also been postulated to have a central role in influencing tissue remodelling and fibrosis occurring in the skin.Objective Our aim was to investigate the direct role of human mast cells (HMC) in skin fibrotic processes, by assessing the effects of the addition of the human mast cell line HMC-1 to human skin fibroblasts, and to identify the responsible mediators.Methods HMC-1 sonicates were added to human skin fibroblasts and the following parameters were evaluated: proliferation ([3H]-thymidine), collagen synthesis ([3H] proline), activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (zymography) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) (reverse zymography), and collagen gel contraction.Results HMC-1 sonicate increased significantly both proliferation and collagen production in the human skin fibroblasts and these properties were not affected by heating of the sonicate (56 °C, 30 min, or 100 °C, 3 min). Two main mast cell mediators, histamine and tryptase, were found to be responsible for the increase in fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. HMC-1 sonicate did not display any pre-formed gelatinase activity, and its addition to the fibroblasts did not change their pro-MMP-2 and MMP-2 activity. On the other hand, HMC-1 were found to possess TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Addition of HMC-1 had no effect on fibroblasts TIMP-1 but induced a dose-dependent increase of TIMP-2 activity. In addition, HMC-1 sonicate seeded together with the fibroblasts in tri-dimensional collagen gel significantly enhanced their contraction.Conclusion We have shown that human mast cells, by granule-stored and therefore quickly releasable mediators, increase human skin fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, TIMP-2 and collagen gel contraction. Therefore, mast cells have a direct and potentiating role in skin remodelling and fibrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01293.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mast cells and angiogenesis (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01041.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What is the physiological function of mast cells? (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 12 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  Under physiological conditions, skin mast cells preferentially localize around nerves, blood vessels and hair follicles. This observation, which dates back to Paul Ehrlich, intuitively suggests that these enigmatic, multifacetted protagonists of natural immunity are functionally relevant to many more aspects of tissue physiology than just to the generation of inflammatory and vasodilatory responses to IgE-dependent environmental antigens. And yet, for decades, mainstream-mast cell research has been dominated by a focus on the – undisputedly prominent and important – mast cell functions in type I immune responses and in the pathogenesis and management of allergic diseases. Certainly, it is hard to believe that the very large and rather selectively distributed number of mast cells in normal, uninflamed, non-infected, non-traumatized mammalian skin or mucosal tissue is simply hanging around there lazily day and night, just to wait for the odd allergen or parasite-associated antigen to come by so the mast cell can finally swing into action. Indeed, the past decade has witnessed a renaissance of mast cell research ‘beyond allergy’, along with a more systematic exploration of the surprisingly wide range of physiological functions that mast cells may be involved in. The current debate sketches many of the exciting new horizons that have recently come into our vision during this intriguing, ongoing search.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-6705.2003.0109a.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eosinophils: ‘new’ roles for ‘old’ cells (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Prominent blood and tissue eosinophilia is manifested in a number of inflammatory states, particularly in allergic diseases. Eosinophils are a source of numerous cytokines and growth factors, thus in principle they can display both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities as well as immunoregulatory ones. In this review, we will discuss the cross-talk between eosinophils and other cell types that they come in contact with in the inflammatory milieu, such as mast cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. ‘New’ roles for eosinophils in cancer and novel activatory signals will also be described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2003.00442.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in apoptosis induction (2000)
    Springer
    Apoptosis 5 (2000), S. 415-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-675X
    Keywords: apoptosis ; death receptors ; inflammation ; reactive oxygen species (ROS)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria play an important role in apoptosis induction under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Interestingly, mitochondria are both source and target of ROS. Cytochrome c release from mitochondria, that triggers caspase activation, appears to be largely mediated by direct or indirect ROS action. On the other hand, ROS have also anti-apoptotic effects. This review focuses on the role of ROS in the regulation of apoptosis, especially in inflammatory cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009616228304
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of apoptosis in mast cells (2000)
    Springer
    Apoptosis 5 (2000), S. 435-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-675X
    Keywords: activation ; apoptosis ; death receptors ; glucocorticosteroids ; mast cells ; survival factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Apoptosis is a physiological process of cell death that occurs in all multicellular organisms. Its dysregulation has been postulated as one of the main causes in the development of diseases such as cancer, AIDS, autoimmune diseases and allergy. Apoptosis has been mainly studied in the inflammatory cells that participate in the late and chronic stages of allergy (eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages) as a new way to elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease. Nevertheless, much less it is known about the regulation of apoptosis in the “initiators” of the allergic process: The Mast Cells. In normal conditions, mast cells are described as long-living cells that keep a constant number of cells in tissues. However, increased numbers of mast cells are observed in the late phase of asthma and in both the inflammatory and in the repair/remodeling stage of various inflammatory/fibrotic disorders. In this report, we discuss the possible mechanisms that regulate the apoptotic process in normal conditions and disease, such as survival factors and death receptors. A link between mast cell activation, during the early stages of the allergic process, and triggering of anti-apoptotic signaling pathways is also suggested as an important contributor to the extended life of mast cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009680500988
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