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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-voltage pulse switching hardware for electro-optic studies of conducting aqueous solutions (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 3080-3084 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The hardware necessary for the electro-optic study of conducting polyelectrolyte solutions is frequently not commercially available or financially practical. The designs of an electrical rectangular pulse switch and polarity-reversing relay switch capable of producing 3 kV 5 A direct current pulses lasting longer than 100 μs are presented. As an example of the operation of this equipment, the electric birefringence of an aqueous solution of the Pseudomonas bacteriophage Pf1 in tris/EDTA buffer is presented. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1489075
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels following thermal injury precede monocyte recruitment to the wound site and are controlled, in part, by tumor necrosis factor-α (2003)
    Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Wound repair and regeneration 11 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In previous studies, mice given a full-thickness scald injury had an influx of neutrophils into the skin that followed a local increase in a neutrophil chemoattractant. Because macrophages are known to infiltrate the wound area after neutrophils and are essential for normal wound repair, studies were designed to characterize the time course of macrophage accumulation in the wound and to identify the factor(s) responsible for this influx. A macrophage infiltrate into the wound was observed at 4 days post-injury and persisted through at least 10 days. This influx was preceded by an initial fourfold increase in dermal monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels at 24 hours post-injury (p 〈 0.05). This elevation in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was enhanced at 4 and 10 days postburn resulting in a sixfold increase over baseline (p 〈 0.01). Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, a proinflammatory cytokine known to induce chemokine production, were elevated at 90 minutes after injury in burn- versus sham-injured groups (p 〈 0.05). Furthermore, administration of tumor necrosis factor-α neutralizing antibody in vivo reduced the dermal levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 seen at 10 days postburn by 57% (p 〈 0.01); however, macrophage accumulation was not altered. Thus, elevated systemic TNF-α levels may influence the local chemokine milieu following burn injury. (WOUND REP REG 2003;11:110–119)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-475X.2003.11206.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In-vivo particle mediated delivery of mRNA to mammalian tissues: ballistic and biologic effects (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Wound repair and regeneration 9 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Biolistic transmission of mRNA provides transient gene therapy to in vivo organs. This study documents particle mediated mRNA transmission to a solid organ and wound healing model using the mRNA of Green Fluorescent Protein to determine optimal delivery parameters. Renal function, bullet penetration, cellular injury, and Green Fluorescent Protein synthesis were quantified. Chimeric human epidermal growth factor-FLAG epitope cDNA or mRNA was transmitted to wounds in normal or steroid treated animals. Wound bursting strength, human epidermal growth factor-FLAG, and collagen synthesis were determined. Injury and bullet penetration correlated with the delivery velocity and bullet size. Optimal delivery parameters were established which provided widespread Green Fluorescent Protein synthesis. Human epidermal growth factor-FLAG treatment significantly increased collagen content and wound breaking strength in normal and steroid treated animals. FLAG protein synthesis was evident in mRNA treated fascia following treatment. We found the gene gun provides a novel method for efficient, in vivo delivery of mRNA-based therapeutic strategies to mammalian organs with minimal histologic damage allowing transient expression of protein in in vivo target tissues. Co-delivery of Green Fluorescent Protein mRNA may provide a useful positive control to determine effective transmission. Biolistic transmission of human epidermal growth factor-FLAG mRNA provides increased tissue epidermal growth factor levels and accelerates wound healing in normal and steroid exposed animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-475X.2001.00287.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical Maxillofacial Prosthetics (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of prosthodontics 11 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1532-849X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849X.2002.063_3.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous resolution of hypothermia-induced atrial fibrillation in a dog (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care 14 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective: To report a case of spontaneous resolution of atrial fibrillation secondary to hypothermia in a dog without detectable heart disease.Case summary: An 8-year-old female spayed mixed breed dog presented with a history of prolonged exposure to below freezing environmental temperatures. The dog presented hypothermic (〈32°C or 〈90°F) and minimally responsive to stimuli. The heart rate was 80 beats per minute (bpm) and irregular. Atrial fibrillation was diagnosed. The dog had pale mucous membranes, absent femoral pulses, and no obtainable blood pressure via indirect Doppler technique. Resuscitation fluids were administered and active external warming was instituted. Peripheral edema was observed during the rewarming phase and the irregular heart rate was noted to increase. The atrial fibrillation spontaneously resolved with no specific anti-arrhythmic therapy. No underlying myocardial disease was found. The recovery of this dog was complete with a subsequent repeat of the echocardiogram and electrocardiogram (ECG) 8-months later found to be within normal limits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-4431.2004.04023.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Additive-Enhanced Redispersion of Ceramic Agglomerates (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Deagglomeration of ceramic powders is usually accomplished by immersion of powders in a surfactant-containing liquid vehicle, followed by milling. We seek alternative mechanisms to the classical milling approach by generating a chemical pressure to break up the agglomerate. This study explores the enhanced redispersion of TiO2 ceramic compacts that contain a nonionic water-soluble polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). PEG forms a polymer solution within the agglomerated structure during redispersion. The resulting osmotic pressure gradient forces water into the porous structure and creates a tensile stress on the particle network with magnitudes as high as 0.6 MPa. Thus, the principle to achieving redispersion is to develop osmotic pressures that exceed the cohesive strength of the agglomerated structure. A critical PEG concentration of 2.0 vol% PEG 400 with respect to titania has been determined, below which redispersion is minimal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03501.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulators of G Protein Signaling (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neurochemistry 75 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Members of the newly discovered regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) families of proteins have a common RGS domain. This RGS domain is necessary for conferring upon RGS proteins the capacity to regulate negatively a variety of Gα protein subunits. However, RGS proteins are more than simply negative regulators of signaling. RGS proteins can function as effector antagonists, and recent evidence suggests that RGS proteins can have positive effects on signaling as well. Many RGS proteins possess additional C- and N-terminal modular protein-binding domains and motifs. The presence of these additional modules within the RGS proteins provides for multiple novel regulatory interactions performed by these molecules. These regions are involved in conferring regulatory selectivity to specific Gα-coupled signaling pathways, enhancing the efficacy of the RGS domain, and the translocation or targeting of RGS proteins to intracellular membranes. In other instances, these domains are involved in cross-talk between different Gα-coupled signaling pathways and, in some cases, likely serve to integrate small GTPases with these G protein signaling pathways. This review discusses these C- and N-terminal domains and their roles in the biology of the brain-enriched RGS proteins. Methods that can be used to investigate the function of these domains are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0751335.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from grassland amended with sewage sludge (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 16 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Land disposal of sewage sludge in the UK is set to increase markedly in the next few years and much of this will be applied to grassland. Here we applied high rates of digested sludge cake (1–1.5×103 kg total N ha−1) to grassland and incorporated it prior to reseeding. Using automated chambers, nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes from the soil were monitored 2–4 times per day, for 6 months after sludge incorporation. Peaks of N2O emission were up to 1.4 kg N ha−1 d−1 soon after incorporation, and thereafter were regularly detected following significant rainfalls. Gas emissions reflected diurnal temperature variations, though N2O emissions were also strongly affected by rainfall. Although emissions decreased in the winter, temperatures below 4 °C stimulated short, sharp fluxes of both CO2 and N2O as temperature increased. The aggregate loss of nitrogen and carbon over the measurement period was up to 23 kg N ha−1 and 5.1 t C ha−1. Losses of N2O in the sludge-amended soil were associated with good microbial conditions for N mineralization, and with high carbon and water contents. Since grassland is an important source of greenhouse gases, application of sewage sludge can be at least as significant as fertilizer in enhancing these emissions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2000.tb00170.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from soil under silage production by use of organic manures or slow-release fertilizer (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Grassland is a major source of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions in the UK, resulting from high rates of fertilizer application. We studied the effects of substituting mineral fertilizer by organic manures and a slow-release fertilizer in silage grass production on greenhouse gas emissions and soil mineral N content in a three-year field experiment. The organic manures investigated were sewage sludge pellets and composted sewage sludge (dry materials), and digested sewage sludge and cattle slurry (liquid materials). The organic manures produced N2O and carbon dioxide (CO2) consistently from time of application up to harvest. However, they mitigated N2O emissions by around 90% when aggregate emissions of 15.7 kg N ha−1 from NPK fertilizer were caused by a flux of up to 4.9 kg N ha−1 d−1 during the first 4 days after heavy rainfall subsequent to the NPK fertilizer application. CH4 was emitted only for 2 or 3 days after application of the liquid manures. CH4 and CO2 fluxes were not significantly mitigated. Composting and dried pellets were useful methods of conserving nutrients in organic wastes, enabling slow and sustained release of nitrogen. NPK slow-release fertilizer also maintained grass yields and was the most effective substitute for the conventional NPK fertilizer for mitigation of N2O fluxes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00371.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of exchangeable potassium in soil using ion-selective electrodes in soil suspensions (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 52 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Methods  of determining exchangeable K+ of soil by mixing extracting solutions and analysing the soil suspension with ion-selective electrodes were developed and evaluated on 30 samples of soils. From preliminary comparisons of the K+ extracted by BaCl2 and NH4OAc solutions and by batch and leaching treatments of soils, we established that suspensions of 5 g soil in 100 ml 0.5 m BaCl2 and single batch treatments of 1 h should be used. The exchangeable K+ was determined with a K-selective, valinomycin-based PVC membrane electrode and electrochemical cells that did or did not include a liquid junction (the reference electrode being a double-junction reference electrode assembly with a 10 m LiOAc salt bridge solution or a Cl-selective electrode, respectively). The Ba-exchangeable K+ values were sensibly the same whether a liquid junction was involved or not, a result that can be attributed to the beneficial effects of the salt bridge and the ionic strength of the extractant. Comparisons of these Ba-exchangeable results with those obtained by various combinations of batch or leaching treatments, BaCl2 or NH4OAc extractants and filtrate analysis by the ion-selective electrode method or atomic absorption spectrometry showed they were all highly correlated (r≥ 0.996). The selectivity of the K+-selective electrode (kpotKNH4 = 0.004) significantly reduced the interference from indigenous soil NH4+ in the BaCl2 suspensions. Overall, the results show potentiometric measurements of K+ in soil suspensions can provide a simple, rapid, and reliable means of determining exchangeable K+ in soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2001.t01-1-00363.x
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