Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of segregation on the measurement of stress in thin films (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 2951-2958 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The force that a deposited film A exerts on its substrate B is usually written as the sum of volumetric and surface (and interface) contributions. In the simplest case (pseudomorphous film, absence of segregation), volumetric and surface contributions can be easily separated through simple force measurements. In this article, we show that, in the presence of segregation, only simultaneous in situ stress, strain, and composition measurements allow the proper analysis of stress establishment in thin films. For this purpose, we discuss how segregation influences both volumetric and surface stresses. More precisely, we show that (1) the separation between a surface and a volumetric stress can be meaningless when segregation occurs; (2) one should carefully distinguish between the true physical thickness and the deposited thickness; (3) surface strain should be accounted for in the analysis of the experimental diffraction data; and (4) when the elastic modulus misfit between film and substrate cannot be neglected the total stress depends explicitly on the shape of the concentration profile. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1447327
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron diffraction study on the defect structure of indium–tin–oxide (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 2550-2555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The defect structure of undoped and Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) materials was studied by preparing powders under different processing environments and performing neutron powder diffraction. The effect of tin doping and oxygen partial pressure was determined. Structural information was obtained by analyzing neutron powder diffraction data using the Rietveld method. The results include positions of the atoms, their thermal displacements, the fractional occupancy of the interstitial oxygen site, and the fractional occupancies of Sn on each of the two nonequivalent cation sites. The tin cations show a strong preference for the b site versus the d site. The measured electrical properties are correlated with the interstitial oxygen populations, which agree with the proposed models for reducible (2SnIn•Oi″)x and nonreducible (2SnIn•3OOOi″)x defect clusters. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1341209
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subsolidus Phase Relations and Transparent Conductors in the Cadmium-Indium-Tin Oxide System (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Subsolidus phase relations have been determined in the CdO–InO1.5–SnO2 system at 1175°C. A cubic-bixbyite solution In2−2x(Cd,Sn)2xO3 (0 〈 x 〈 0.34), a cubic spinel solution (1−x)CdIn2O4–xCd2SnO4 (0 〈 x 〈 0.75), and an orthorhombic-perovskite solution Cd1−xSn1−xIn2xO3 (0 〈 x 〈 0.045) having the GdFeO3 structure have been discovered. The CdO phase field exists over a small range of InO1.5 (〈3%) and SnO2 (〈1%). Orthorhombic Cd2SnO4 (Sr2PbO4 structure) and rutile SnO2 appear to be point compounds with negligible solubility. The vertical section between spinel CdIn2O4 and orthorhombic Cd2SnO4 was determined between 900° and 1175°C. The spinel phase field (1−x)CdIn2O4–xCd2SnO4 was found to extend between x= 0 and x= 0.75 at 1175°C or x= 0.78 at 900°C. All of the phases in this system appear to allow small excess quantities of the donors In and/or Sn (vs cation stoichiometry) which may be the source of the electrons that give these oxides their n-type character. The electrical and optical properties of bulk and thin-film specimens in this system are compared and contrasted with each other and the relative merits of each are assessed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00458.x
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defects and Charge Transport near the Hematite (0001) Surface: An Atomistic Study of Oxygen Vacancies (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Atomistic calculations were performed on a slab model of the (0001) surface of hematite as well as the bulk structure. In particular, the energetics of oxygen vacancies near the surface was studied. Atomistic modeling was used to establish the defect energies in the bulk versus distance from the surface. Transition state calculations were performed to compute barriers for several pathways of migration of oxygen vacancies in the bulk and at varying depths relative to the surface. We find energy barriers of several transitions considerably lowered closer to the surface. Considerations of literature data for electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient on bulk versus thin-film hematite suggest high populations of point defects near surfaces, in agreement with our predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00068.x
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interdependence of elastic strain and segregation in metallic multilayers: An x-ray diffraction study of (111) Au/Ni multilayers (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 1172-1181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This study concerns the analysis of elastic strains in Au/Ni multilayers whose periods lie in the range 1–5 nm. Lattice parameter measurements have been performed by x-ray diffraction in various directions. The results are interpreted in terms of elastic strain and interfacial mixing. It is shown that considerable strains (several percent) are encountered within these very thin layers. In the Au sublayers, coherence is never observed with the underlying Ni film and the residual strain relaxes progressively as the Au film thickens. In the Ni sublayers, interfacial mixing controls the lattice parameter and the elastic strain is a function of this mixing. Out of equilibrium mixing of Au into Ni is ascribed to dynamic segregation during the growth of Ni on Au. All these results bring new insights on the still open question of stress relaxation mechanisms in ultrathin films. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371995
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single grain boundary characterization of Nb-doped SrTiO3 bicrystals using ac four-point impedance spectroscopy (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 2621-2623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: AC four-point impedance spectroscopy has been applied to Nb-doped SrTiO3 bicrystals. Due to the simplified geometry and highly conductive bulk of the bicrystal, the reference impedance of the electrode was significantly reduced, validating the applicability of ac four-point impedance spectroscopy for electroceramics. DC current–voltage characteristics without any interference due to electrodes confirmed these ac measurements. Using ac four-point impedance spectroscopy, grain boundary contributions are isolated and the corresponding grain boundary thickness and resistivity are estimated. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126428
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endothelial Signal Integration in Vascular Assembly (2000)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 62 (2000), S. 649-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Regulated assembly of a highly specialized interconnecting network of vascular endothelial and supportive cells is fundamental to embryonic development and organogenesis, as well as to postnatal tissue repair in metazoans. This review advances an "endotheliocentric" model that defines tasks required of endothelial cells and describes molecular controls that regulate steps in activation, assembly, and maturation of new vessels. In addition to the classical assembly mechanisms-angiogenesis and vasculogenesis-endothelial cells are also recruited into vascular structures from the circulatory system in adult animals and from resident mesenchymally derived progenitors during organogenesis of kidney and other organs. Paracrine signaling cascades regulated by hypoxia initiate a sequentially coordinated series of endothelial responses, including matrix degradation, migration, proliferation, and morphogenetic remodeling. Surface receptors on committed endothelial lineage progenitors transduce cues from extracellular-matrix-associated proteins and cell-cell contact to direct migration, matrix attachment, proliferation, targeting and cell-cell assembly, and vessel maturation. Through their capacity to spatially segregate and temporally integrate a diverse range of extracellular signals, endothelial cells determine their migratory paths, cellular partners, and life-or-death responses to local cues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.62.1.649
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HARVESTER ANTS (POGONOMYRMEX SPP.): Their Community and Ecosystem Influences (2000)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 31 (2000), S. 265-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We summarize the influences of harvester ants of the genus Pogonomyrmex on communities and ecosystems. Because of nest densities, the longevity of nests, and the amount of seed harvested and soil handled, harvester ants have significant direct and indirect effects on community structure and ecosystem functioning. Harvester ants change plant species composition and diversity near their nests. These changes result from differential seed predation by the ants, their actions as seed dispersers and competitors with other granivores, and the favorable soil conditions they create through their digging. Their nest building creates islands of increased nutrient density. In some areas, the effects of their activities may be so pervasive that plant community structure is strongly influenced. Ant removal studies, which would reveal their total impact, have generally not been done. Granivore removals have been conducted in North America where ants are of lesser importance than small mammals, in contrast to other areas (except Israel) where ants are dominant granivores. We review the influence of harvester ants on their competitors, predators, and nest associates, and catalog the factors that influence their foraging patterns and consequently their local distribution. The harvesting habit in ants since it was first scientifically confirmed by Moggridge has excited an exceptional degree of interest and surprise. But in truth, when one considers all the conditions, the wonder is that it is not more widely distributed. Henry Christopher McCook (138, p. 116)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.265
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In search of theoretically predicted magic clusters: Lithium-doped aluminum cluster anions (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 9895-9900 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Lithium-doped aluminum cluster anions, LiAln− were generated in a laser vaporization source and examined via mass spectrometry and anion photoelectron spectroscopy (n=3–15). The mass spectrum of the LiAln− series exhibits a local minimum in intensity at n=13. The electron affinity vs cluster size trend also shows a dip at n=13. Agreement is quite good between our measured electron affinity values and those calculated by Rao, Khanna, and Jena, suggesting that their predictions about the structure and bonding of LiAl13 and other clusters in this series are also largely valid. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1365110
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UV spectrophotometry:a powerful tool for environmental measurement (2003)
    Bradford, West Yorkshire : Emerald
    Management of environmental quality 14 (2003), S. 398-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1477-7835
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Based on the use of simple and relevant systems, several applications of UV spectrophotometry have recently been developed for the quality control of water, wastewater, air and contaminated soils for environmental, urban or industrial needs. These are outlined in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777830310479469
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...