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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An evaluation of open and closed systems for in vitro protein digestion of fish meal (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture nutrition 3 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2095
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The availability of a rapid, cost-effective, accurate and reliable method of assessing fish meal protein digestibility would greatly enhance and standardize quality-control procedures in both the fish meal and fish feed industries. However, while several in vitro digestibility tests have been developed, few have been adopted by industry due to their time-consuming nature, problems surrounding reliability and/or inconsistencies in predictive ability. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the utility and predictive qualities of two in vitro digestion assays of distinct design. Methods examined included a novel open system, wherein on-line removal of digestion products was attainable, and a closed system, which permitted analysis of products following completion of the digestion process. Results provided by the two systems were compared using four differentially processed fish meals. The open system supplied information based upon the detected quantity of products below 10 kDa. The closed system provided measurement of free amino groups. Both methods were in agreement with respect to assessing the presence of hydrolysed product. Both systems furnished complementary data with respect to the characterization of fish meal protein quality. The closed and open systems provided insight upon digestibility and digestion kinetic profiles respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2095.1997.00082.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of two β-mannanase isoforms from Thermomonospora fusca KW3 (1996)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 1224-1225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Three β-mannanase isoforms were isolated from the supernatant of a thermophilic actinomycete culture from Thermomonospora fusca KW3. Two of the isoforms (Q1, Q 1.1) were crystallized by the hanging-drop method at room temperature using ammonium sulfate as a precipitant. The isoforms form rod-shaped colorless crystals. Both belong to the orthorhombic space group P212121. The cell dimensions are a = 46.7, b = 61.1, and c = 128.2 Å for isoform Q1, and a = 43.8, b = 46.2, and c = 132.8 Å for isoform Q1.1. The asymmetric unit of either isoform contains one mannanase molecule. Native data have been collected to 2.2 Å resolution for Q1 and to 1.65 Å resolution for Q1.1 using synchrotron radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444996009006
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Methylalkoholgehalt von Obstbranntweinen (1937)
    Springer
    European food research and technology 73 (1937), S. 165-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurde eine Anzahl Kirschen- und Zwetschenbranntweine auf ihren Gehalt an Methylalkohol untersucht und hierfür die Methode von Ant-Wuorinen, die einige Abänderungen erfuhr, benutzt. Die gefundenen Werte liegen bei den Kirschwässern um 0,6 Vol.-%, bezogen auf den Gesamtalkohol. Bei den Zwetschenbranntweinen steigen sie teilweise bis auf das Doppelte an. Bei der Destillation der Kirschmaischen und-branntweine weist der Methylalkoholgehalt der einzelnen Fraktionen keinen auffallenden Unterschied auf. Das den Methylalkohol des Pektins abspaltende Enzym entstammt der Obstamaische und nicht der Hefe. Bei der experimentellen Ausführung der Arbeit unterstützte uns Herr Dr. Ebeling aufs beste.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01651682
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Vergärung von Kirschmaischen unter Zusatz von Säuren (1936)
    Springer
    European food research and technology 72 (1936), S. 499-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Untersucht wurde der Einfluß von Milchsäure, Citronensäure und Phosphorsäure auf gärende Kirschmaischen und gefunden, daß mit steigenden Mengen Milchsäure die Gärung reiner verläuft, die flüchtige Säure abnimmt und die Alkoholausbeute steigt. Der aus so behandelten Maischen hergestellte Branntwein ist reintönig im Geschmack. Die Phosphorsäure weist einige der Milchsäure ähnliche Wirkung auf, die Citronensäure zeigt ein davon abweichendes Verhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01796405
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of GAP promoter variants on hirudin production, average plasmid copy number and cell growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 18 (1990), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Heterologous gene expression ; Plasmid copy number ; GAP promoter ; Hirudin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been engineered to synthesize and secrete desulfato-hirudin (hirudin), a thrombin inhibitor from the leech Hirudo medicinalis. The synthetic gene coding for hirudin was expressed constitutively under the control of four size-variants of the yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter (GAP) and cloned into a 2 μ based multicopy yeast vector. The constitutive action of the four promoter variants was confirmed by demonstrating that the expression and secretion of hirudin is growth-related. The different efficiencies of the promoter variants not only affected hirudin expression but also led to changes in several cellular parameters, such as cell growth, average plasmid copy number and plasmid stability. The observed changes show that yeast cells establish a specific equilibrium for each promoter variant. We conclude, that the adjustment of cellular parameters in response to the expression levels of a heterologous protein is regulated by two counteracting selective forces: (1) the need for complementation of the auxotrophic host marker by the plasmid-encoded selection gene which, in the case of dLEU2, requires several plasmid copies; and (2) a selective advantage of cells with a lower copy number enabling them to escape the burden of heterologous protein production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312596
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurological disease and encephalitis in cats experimentally infected with Borna disease virus (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 93 (1997), S. 391-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Borna disease virus ; Cat diseases ; Encephalomyelitis ; Immunopathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Barrier-bred cats were inoculated intracerebrally with either the rabbit-adapted Borna disease virus (BDV) strain V or a newly isolated feline BDV, obtained from a cat with natural staggering disease (SD). Three out of eight inoculated cats developed neurological signs and non-suppurative encephalitis; all three recovered from the acute stage of disease. Sero-conversion and the development of neutralizing antibodies occurred in all of the virus-inoculated cats. In addition, cats inoculated with feline BDV showed an early peripheral T cell response not present in cats inoculated with BDV strain V, suggesting that the feline virus exerted a more vigorous effect on the immune system. Using immunohistochemistry and a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay, BDV-specific antigen and nucleic acid could be demonstrated in brain samples from each cat with encephalitis, showing that incomplete viral clearance was probably responsible for the maintenance of inflammation. The successful induction of neurological signs and encephalitis in one cat infected with feline BDV, together with the detection of BDV-specific antigen and nucleic acid in the brain, provides strong evidence for the notion that BDV is the etiological agent behind feline SD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050630
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of cyclomaltononaose (δ-cyclodextrin) by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases from Bacillus spp. and bacterial isolates (1998)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 50 (1998), S. 314-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The conversion of soluble starch to cyclomaltohexaose (α-CD), cyclomaltoheptaose (β-CD), cyclomaltooctaose (γ-CD) and cyclomaltononaose (δ-CD) by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (E.C. 2.4.1.19) from Bacillus spp. and bacterial isolates was studied. The results show that δ-CD was formed by all the enzymes investigated in the range of 5%–11.5% of the total amount of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-CD produced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051297
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N-glycosylated protein(s) are important for the infectivity of Borna disease virus (BDV) (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 137 (1994), S. 405-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tunicamycin inhibited the production of infectious Borna disease virus (BDV) and glycosidase treatment eliminated the infectivity of cell-free virus. A glycoprotein of approximately 17 kDa, found in association with infectious virus, was identified by Concanavalin A binding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309486
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytische Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der von Grote und Krekeler) und der in DRP. 642166 der I. G. Farben-industrie beschriebenen Apparaturen in der chemischen Technik, insbesondere zur Bestimmung von Halogenen, Schwefel und anderen flüchtigen Elementen (1938)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 114 (1938), S. 321-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Nach einem überblick Über die zur Halogen- und Schwefel-bestimmung in organischen Substanzen zur Verfügung stehenden Methoden werden die beim Arbeiten mit der von Grote und Krekeler angegebenen Zerstörungs- und Absorptionsapparatur gemachten Erfahrungen, die getroffenen Abänderungen und die neu gefundenen Verwendungszwecke beschrieben. 2. Das Verbrennungsrohr wird nach DRP. 642166 durch die Anordnung einer besonderen seitlichen Sauerstoffzuführung so abgeändert, daß die Zuführung der zu verbrennenden Substanzdämpfe zur Ver brennungszone mittels eines manchmal zweckmäßigerweise inerten Transportgases erfolgt und das Verbrennungsgas, meist Sauerstoff, erst an der Verbrennungszone zutritt. Dadurch wird eine rasche rußfreie und explosionssichere Verbrennung kleiner und großer Einwagen auch von leicht flüchtigen organischen Substanzen ermöglicht. 3. Die Heizung der Verbrennungszone wird von der Gasflammen-heizung auf elektrische Heizung mittels eines kleinen billigen Blocköfchens umgestellt, wodurch eine ganz gleichmäßige Verbrennung erzielt wird. 4. Zur Reinigung der als Transport- oder auch als Verbrennungsgas benutzten Luft wird zur Zerstörung etwa in ihr enthaltener halogen- oder schwefelhaltiger organischer Bestandteile vor die Natronlaugereinigung ein elektrisch geheiztes Kontaktöfchen vorgeschaltet. 5. Für die maßanalytische (acidimetrische) Schwefelbestimmung muß bei höheren Schwefelgehalten eine Absorptionsvorlage aus Quarz mit Quarzkugeln oder Quarzstababschnitten benutzt werden, da sonst die Werte infolge Alkaliabgabe aus dem Duranglas zu niedrig ausfallen. 6. Bei der Bestimmung von Schwefel in Schwefelkies und Kies-abbränden wird zweckmäßig auch die Substanz mittels eines elektrischen Öfchens erhitzt. 7. Unter Berücksichtigung der unter 2–6 genannten Bedingungen bzw. Abänderungen läßt sich die Methode nicht nur zur Halogen- und Schwefelbestimmung, sondern auch zur Bestimmung von Kohlenstoff, Selen und Quecksilber benutzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01394036
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The critical velocity behavior of superfluid 4He in a micron-size aperture at two different frequencies of oscillatory flow (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 91 (1993), S. 219-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ac measurements of an effective critical velocity v scof superfluid 4He flow through a rectangular aperture 5 Μm × 0.3 Μm in a foil 0.2 Μm thick were made between 0.35 and 2.15 K. These measurements involved oscillatory flow in two different ranges of frequency, 70–118 Hz and 1818–1899 Hz. At temperatures T above 1.7 K, v sc(T) measured in the two frequency ranges coincided, decreasing with increasing T. Above 1.9 K, downward curvature toward V sc = 0 at T λoccurred in proportion to (ϱ s )/(T)0.83. At temperatures below 1.7 K, differences appeared between the critical velocity behaviors in the two frequency ranges. As temperature decreased, V sc(T) at the lower frequencies continued to rise in a nearly linear fashion, while at the higher frequencies V sc(T) tended to level off. At the same time, a pronounced increase in noise and metastability in the supercritical region was seen at the higher frequencies. Possible explanations for this divergence of behavior are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00120850
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