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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Penetration of lidocaine and its active desethylated metabolite into cerebrospinal fluid in man (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 639-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Lidocaine ; CSF penetration ; monoethylglycinxylidide ; glycinxylidide ; pharmacokinetics ; serum protein binding ; membrane permeability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Penetration into lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of lidocaine and its active desethylated metabolite, monoethylglycinxylidide (MEGX), has been studied in 10 neurological patients after a single subcutaneous injection of 2 mg/kg prior to lumbar puncture. An HPLC method was used to assay lidocaine, MEGX and glycinxylidide (GX) in serum and CSF. The serum protein unbound fraction of lidocaine was determined by equilibrium dialysis. The mean peak serum lidocaine concentration was found 25 minutes after injection, and the corresponding peak CSF level occurred after 70 min. A similar slow penetration of MEGX into CSF was observed, which indicates low membrane permeability for these two agents. No GX was found. The steadily increasing CSF lidocaine/serum total lidocaine ratio throughout the period of study up to 120 min and the higher level in CSF than the corresponding unbound fraction of the total serum lidocaine indicate that serum protein binding is not the sole determinant of the penetration of lidocaine into lumbar CSF. Rapid accumulation in brain tissue and diffusion back into cerebral extracellular fluid and to lumbar CSF may also occur. The apparent slow membrane penetration of lidocaine and its desethylated metabolite may be one reason for the difficulty of controlling lidocaine infusion rates according to therapeutic effectiveness and side-effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542352
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    OBSERVATIONS ON ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI (1956)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 66 (1956), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1956.tb40107.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum and Yersinia ruckeri by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical technique in melanin-containing cells of fish tissues (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1991.tb00628.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases and their Signal Transduction Pathways (1994)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 10 (1994), S. 251-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0743-4634
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cb.10.110194.001343
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiography of spontaneous periodontitis in dogs (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 32 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pattern and distribution of periodontitis were investigated in 162 randomly selected dogs available for necropsy in veterinary practice. There were 82 males and 80 females of 50 different breeds (150 dogs were pure-bred and 12 were mongrels, aged between 7 months and 14 yr. Presence of periodontilis was determined by assessment of alveolar bone loss on radiographs of the skulls and jaws. Periodontitis occurred frequently with increasing age, although the prevalence varied markedly among and within different breeds. Of the breeds most represented in the sample, periodontitis was most frequently seen in poodles and dachshunds but was rarely recognized in German shepherd dogs. Regardless of age, the vast majority of the dogs displayed either one or both of two different radiographic patterns of alveolar bone loss. One pattern was characterized by slight, horizontal alveolar bone loss involving interradicular and interdental areas. The other pattern was one of predominantly crater-like, or narrow, vertical bone defects which, when advanced, often extended around a single root or tooth to surround the root apices. The two types of patterns did not seem to be breed-dependent. The posterior maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars were the most frequently affected teeth. Alveolar bone loss was most severe in the maxilla, while corresponding bone loss in the mandible was more often related to increasing age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1997.tb00936.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactivity of the central nervous system in cats with a Borna disease-like meningoencephalomyelitis (staggering disease) (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 184-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Borna disease virus ; Cat diseases ; Encephalomyelitis ; Lymphocyte subsets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inflammatory cell composition and the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens in the central nervous system (CNS) of 13 cats with a spontaneous, Borna disease-like meningoencephalomyelitis (staggering disease) was investigated by immunohistochemistry with a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. T lymphocytes were the predominating inflammatory cells within the adventitial space. CD4+ T cells were more abundant than CD8+ T cells. Scattered IgG-, IgA- and IgM-containing cells were found in the adventitial space and surrounding neuropil, often adjacent to neurons. There was a markedly increased MHC class II expression in cells morphologically resembling microglia. In several cats, Borna disease virus specific antigen was detected, but only in a few cells, mainly of macrophage character. Our findings indicate a long-standing inflammatory reaction in the CNS of cats with staggering disease, possibly triggered and sustained by a persistent viral infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294319
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of spherical, mixed SiO2/TiO2 particles by the sol technique (1995)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 273 (1995), S. 951-958 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Silica ; titania ; mixed silica/titania particles ; preparation ; sol technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Preparation of silica, titania and mixed silica/titania particles has been studied. The region for formation of monodisperse SiO2 particles in the phase diagram tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)-ethanol-H2O was studied as a function of NH3 concentration at room temperature. Titania particles could be prepared at lowered temperatures and concentration of ammonia up to 0.01 M. The size of SiO2 particles was 0.03–1 μm whereas TiO2 particles were size range 0.5–0.8 μm. Mixed SiO2/TiO2 particles were prepared from prehydrolyzed TEOS/EtOH solutions by adding tetraethyl orthotitanate (TEOT). This was accomplished at 3°C and slightly alkaline solutions. The final particle size of the mixed particles was about 0.3 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00660373
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurological disease and encephalitis in cats experimentally infected with Borna disease virus (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 93 (1997), S. 391-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Borna disease virus ; Cat diseases ; Encephalomyelitis ; Immunopathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Barrier-bred cats were inoculated intracerebrally with either the rabbit-adapted Borna disease virus (BDV) strain V or a newly isolated feline BDV, obtained from a cat with natural staggering disease (SD). Three out of eight inoculated cats developed neurological signs and non-suppurative encephalitis; all three recovered from the acute stage of disease. Sero-conversion and the development of neutralizing antibodies occurred in all of the virus-inoculated cats. In addition, cats inoculated with feline BDV showed an early peripheral T cell response not present in cats inoculated with BDV strain V, suggesting that the feline virus exerted a more vigorous effect on the immune system. Using immunohistochemistry and a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay, BDV-specific antigen and nucleic acid could be demonstrated in brain samples from each cat with encephalitis, showing that incomplete viral clearance was probably responsible for the maintenance of inflammation. The successful induction of neurological signs and encephalitis in one cat infected with feline BDV, together with the detection of BDV-specific antigen and nucleic acid in the brain, provides strong evidence for the notion that BDV is the etiological agent behind feline SD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050630
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactivity of the central nervous system in cats with a Borna disease-like meningoencephalomyelitis (staggering disease) (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 184-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Borna disease virus ; Cat diseases ; Encephalomyelitis ; Lymphocyte subsets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inflammatory cell composition and the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens in the central nervous system (CNS) of 13 cats with a spontaneous, Borna disease-like meningoencephalomyelitis (staggering disease) was investigated by immunohistochemistry with a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. T lymphocytes were the predominating inflammatory cells within the adventitial space. CD4+ T cells were more abundant than CD8+ T cells. Scattered IgG–, IgA– and IgM–containing cells were found in the adventitial space and surrounding neuropil, often adjacent to neurons. There was a markedly increased MHC class II expression in cells morphologically resembling microglia. In several cats, Borna disease virus specific antigen was detected, but only in a few cells, mainly of macrophage character. Our findings indicate a long-standing inflammatory reaction in the CNS of cats with staggering disease, possibly triggered and sustained by a persistent viral infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050317
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of debrisoquine oxidation phenotypes in glaucoma patients (1989)
    Springer
    International ophthalmology 13 (1989), S. 91-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2630
    Keywords: debrisoquine oxidation phenotype ; glaucoma patients ; timolol therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of debrisoquine, a sympatholytic antihypertensive agent, exhibits genetic polymorphism. The debrisoquine/4-OH-debrisoquine metabolic ratio (MR) separates the population to poor (PM, MR〉12.6) and extensive (EM, MR〈12.6) metabolizers. 5–10% of the caucasians belong to the PM phenotype. The oxidation of many other drugs, like timolol, correlates with the debrisoquine phenotype. We determined the debrisoquine phenotype in 102 glaucoma patients. The majority of the patients was treated with ophthalmic timolol. Five patients were classified as PMs. However, two of them were on quinidine, a well known inhibitor of debrisoquine oxidation. The prevalence of debrisoquine PM phenotype in glaucoma patients was 2.9% (excluding patients on quinidine) or 4.9% (with patients on quinidine). The figures are slightly lower than the mean value reported for the normal Finnish population. However, both figures lay within the 95% confidence limits of the prevalence of PM phenotype in the normal Finnish population. The beta-blocking activity of oral timolol is increased in PMs. The significance of timolol oxidation phenotype during ocular timolol therapy warrants further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02028645
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